On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears (70 page)

and pornography,
245

public fascination with,
195
,
280

Seth (biblical),
88

severed limbs,
188
,
190
,
193

sexuality

androgyny,
42

demonization of,
118
,
118
–119

homosexuality,
215
–216

and horror films,
195
–196,
202

and hybrid monsters,
145

incest,
204
–205,
212
,
216
–217

and repression,
116
–117,
195
–196,
215
–216

sexual abuse,
59
,
225

and technology,
261
,
276

See also
desire; genders

Shakespeare, William,
130
,
131
–132,
140

shape-shifting

ambivalent reactions to,
184

of demons,
104
,
106
,
116

of witches,
108

Shelley, Mary,
11
–12,
100
,
151
–153,
183

Shelley, Percy Bysshe,
152

The Shining
,
193

Siamese twins,
137

The Sick Woman’s Private Looking-Glass
(Sadler),
143

Simpson, O. J.,
212

sin,
81

Single White Female
,
280
–281

666 (mark of the beast),
68

skepticism,
36
,
126
,
127
,
136
,
140

slavery,
237
,
238
,
257
,
258

Sleepy Hollow
(film),
193

Sleepy Hollow
(Irving),
183

sloths,
32
,
133

Smith, Susan,
59
,
231

snakes,
3
,
4
,
5
,
91
,
132

snot,
184

social constructionism,
252

socialization,
210
–211,
247

social stresses,
197

society’s role in psychopathology,
244
–249

socioeconomic theory,
248

Socrates,
51
,
52
–54,
57
,
194
–195

soi pour soi
, law of,
158
–159

Solinus,
88

souls of monsters,
79
–83

Spartans,
242
–243

speciation,
166
–171

Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation
(De Vries),
170

speculative monsterology,
162

spiders,
3
–4,
4

spirits,
188

spiritual depravity,
142
–143

spit,
184

splatter-punk film genre,
194
,
195

Sprenger, Jakob,
113

Stanford University prison experiment,
244
–245

Stelarc,
263
,
263
–264,
264

stereotyping,
37
–38

Stevens, Dana,
242
–243

Stile, Elizabeth,
109

Stoicism,
59
,
60
,
117

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
(Stevenson),
206
–207

Stratton, Charles (Tom Thumb),
136
,
137

Strickland, Debra Higgs,
234

Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche
(Jung),
225

sublime (concept),
186
–187,
191
,
192

succubi,
113
,
144
,
145

Suetonius,
30
–31

suffering,
99
,
198
–199

suicide,
60
,
70

suicide bombers,
248
,
250

Summa Theologica
(Thomas Aquinas),
79
–80

Superego,
210

Supernatural Horror in Literature
(Lovecraft),
185

superstition,
42
–45

surrealism,
193

suspension of disbelief,
131
Sweeney Todd
,
193

symbolism

in Bible,
65
,
66
,
67
–69,
73

of frustrations,
191

of hubris,
98

during Reformation,
142

Taliban,
253
–254

Tarantino, Quentin,
193

tarantula hawks,
199

Tartars,
87

tattoos,
109

technology

artificial intelligence,
266
–269

biotechnology,
269
–274

cyborgs,
260
–265

and God,
257
,
262
,
267
,
274

robotics,
190
–191,
257
–260,
263

technophobia,
284

teleology,
42
–45,
48
–49,
159
,
168
–169,
179

The Tell-Tale Heart
(Poe),
183

Tennyson, Alfred Lord,
185

teratology,
156
–159,
163
–164,
166
,
169
,
172
–175

Terminator
films,
257
–258,
259

terrorism,
241
,
248
–249

tetrapods,
173
–174

The Texas Chainsaw Massacre,
196
,
197

Thales,
44
–45

Thanatos,
215

Them
,
201

Thesaurus
(Seba),
123

Theseus,
191

The Thing from Another World
,
199
,
200

Thomas Aquinas, Saint,
79
–80,
115

300
(film),
242
,
242
–243,
283

Thucydides,
43

Thumb, Tom,
136
,
137

thumos
,
52
–54,
55
–56,
57
,
58
.
See also
emotions

Tillman, William,
137

toad-fish monster,
141
–142

Tobias, Krystal,
10

Todd, Sweeney,
195

tolerance,
42
,
253

Tolkien, J. R. R.,
97
–98,
101
,
283

tomatoes, genetic engineering of,
262
,
271

Topsell, Edward,
130
,
145

torture,
7
–9,
245

torture porn film genre,
194
–198

Totem and Taboo
(Freud),
57

transgendered people,
270
–271

transhumanism,
261
–262,
266
–267,
273
–274

transmutation,
163
–166,
167
–168

travelers’ tales,
27
,
188

The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
(Mandeville),
27
,
90
–91

tribalism,
240

Tritons,
30
,
34

Tsukuba University,
263

Turing, Alan,
267

Turing test,
267

Turistas
,
195

Tutsis,
240

Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea
(Verne),
185

Twin Peaks
,
193

2001: A Space Odyssey
,
267

tyrant personalities,
53

Ugandan Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God,
70

ugliness,
283

umbrella-footed humans,
36
,
78

uncanniness (Freudian concept),
188
,
190
,
191
,
192
–193

“The Uncanny” (Freud),
188

uncanny valley,
190
–191

unconscious,
188
,
190

Unferth,
94
–95

unheimlich
,
188

unicorns,
125
,
129

U.S. Department of Defense,
258
–259

U.S. National Nanotech Initiative,
260

vagina-inhabiting snakes,
91

vampire bats,
132
–133

vampire clan in Murray, Kentucky,
13

The Vampyre
(Polidori),
183

variations, genetic

as biological mechanism,
275

Darwin on,
166
,
167
,
170

De Vries on,
170

Lawrence on,
160
,
162
,
167

and speciation,
163

Vazquez-Salazar, Nelly,
278
–279

vengeance,
55
–56,
58

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC),
224

Verne, Jules,
185

victimization,
59
–60,
211

Victorian era,
130
,
187
–188

video games,
191
,
198

Vietnam conflict,
197
,
235

violence,
220
,
247

vitalism,
152

Volta, Alessandro,
152

vomit,
184
,
193

Vries, Hugo de,
170
,
179

Vrolik Museum,
6
,
158
,
174

vulnerability,
183
–202

and bio-horror,
198
–199

and cosmic fear,
185

and horror films,
194
–198,
200
–202

and modernity,
186

theories based in,
191
–192

See also
horror

Waal, Frans de,
239

Wallace, David Foster,
193

Wall-E
,
258

warfare,
234
–235,
241

Warwick, Kevin,
261

Watchers (Grigori),
72
,
74

Waterton, Charles,
132
–134

werewolf syndrome (hypertrichosis),
137

werewolves,
33
–35,
114
–115,
169

West, Thomas,
141
–142

Whedon, Joss,
195

Wild at Heart
,
193

Wills, Gary,
232
–233

Windsor witches,
108
,
109

witches,
107
–113

and demons,
108
,
109
,
111
,
112
–113,
118
–119

and desire,
117

and gender,
118
–119

in literature,
130
,
131

modern accounts of,
278

and rise of science,
134

tests and trials for,
109
,
111
,
119

witch hunters,
113
-115,
278

Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of Psychopaths among Us
(Hare),
220

Wittgenstein, Ludwig,
282

wolf archetype,
126

Wood, J. G.,
133

wunderkammern
,
135
–136

Wuornos, Aileen,
59

Xenophanes,
37

xenophobia

and instincts,
239
–240

of medieval Christians,
86
–87

and race,
231
–235

and sexual repression,
217

theoretical frameworks for,
236
–239

zebra fish monsters,
176
–177

Zefirus,
19

Zemeckis, Robert,
100
,
101

Zimbardo, Philip,
231
,
244
–245,
249

Zip the Pinhead,
138
–139,
139

Zohar
,
89

zombies,
40
,
190
,
191

zoology,
126
,
127

Zoroastrianism,
64