On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears (66 page)

and desire,
212
–218

and detachment,
218
–223

judging and managing of,
226
–228

labeling of,
216

See also
serial killers;
specific individuals

Cronenberg, David,
200
,
201

cryptozoology,
32
,
279

Ctesias

on griffins,
28

on manticores,
33
,
34

as source for Alexander,
22

on umbrella-footed humans,
36

on unicorns,
129

Cthulhu,
184
–185,
186

cultural category, monsters as,
13

curiosities,
135
,
137
–140

Cuvier, Georges,
128
,
156
–157

cyborg technology,
260
–265

cyclops,
158

Alberch on,
173

as creation of God,
86

and fossil elephant skulls,
31
–32

medieval authorities on,
77

and Odysseus,
26
–27,
98

popular belief in,
35

and rise of science,
129

soi pour soi
explanation of,
158
–159

teratological explanation of,
156
–158

Cynocephali (dog-headed men)

Augustine on,
77

and Christianity,
88

depiction of,
78

and embellishment,
36
–37

Isidore on,
78

and rise of science,
129

Saint Christopher as,
81
–83,
82

Dahmer, Jeffrey,
195

danger from monsters,
13

Darrow, Clarence,
207
–208,
218

Darwin, Charles

on artificial selection,
272
–273

Origin of Species
,
138
,
168

popular reactions to paradigm,
199
–200

and racial attitudes,
235

on saltational jumps,
166
–169,
179

on speciation,
163

See also
natural selection Darwin, Erasmus,
152

Daryaee, Touraj,
243

David (biblical),
73

Dawn of the Dead
,
195

De Anima
(Aristotle),
80

death,
190
,
215
,
266

decay,
201

deceit,
220

“Declaration on Armed Struggle against Jews and Crusaders,”
248

deconstructionism,
253

deformities,
143
.
See also
disabilities

dehumanization of others

and criminal minds,
219
–221

cultural ubiquity of,
37

and environmental variables,
241
,
244

in media,
226
,
245

by religious ideologies,
249

and technology,
258

De Mirabilibus Mundi
(Solinus),
88

Democritus,
37

demons and devils

and acts of
maleficium
,
113

ancients’ beliefs regarding,
56
–58

in Book of Revelation,
67

and desire,
117
,
144

and exorcisms,
106
–107,
119
–120

and gender,
118
–119

incubi,
113
,
144

modern belief in,
13

and Paré,
148

possession by,
57
–58,
59
,
106
–107,
117
,
225
–226,
278
,
284

powers over nature,
115
–116

and rise of science,
134
,
149

and Socrates,
57

and St. Anthony,
104
–106,
105

succubi,
113
,
144
,
145

and witches,
108
,
109
,
111
,
112
–113,
118
–119

Dennett, Daniel,
251
,
268
,
269

Derrida, Jacques,
253

Descartes, Rene,
149
–150,
236

The Descent of Man
(Darwin),
3
,
168
,
169

desire

ancient period,
51
–60

and criminal minds,
212
–218

and demons,
144

medieval period,
116
–119

psychological effects of,
188

and repression,
189
–190

See also
sexuality

despair,
186
,
248

detachment,
218
–223

deviations.
See
variations, genetic
The Devil’s Rejects
,
195

Dhu’l-Qarneyn (He of the Two Horns),
92

Diamond, Stephen,
212

Dick, Philip K.,
220
–221

digit formation,
173
–175

dinosaurs,
28
–29,
29
,
32

Diodorus,
37

disabilities

and Barnum’s shows,
137
–140

and infanticide,
40
,
41

and “monster” term,
15

and moral depravity,
143

disbelief, suspension of,
131

discipline,
209
–210

Discourse on Method
(Descartes),
149
–150

disease,
201

disgust,
184

DNA,
175

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

(Dick),
220
–221

Dobson, James,
245

Doctor Faustus
(Marlowe),
131

Dodds, E. R.,
56
,
57

dog as metaphor for thumos,
58

Dog-faced Boy,
137
,

dog-headed men (Cynocephali)

Augustine on,
77

and Christianity,
88

depiction of,
78

and embellishment,
36
–37

Isidore on,
78

and rise of science,
129

Saint Christopher as,
81
–83,
82

Donnie Darko
,
241

doppelgangers,
188
,
189
–190

Doran, Madeleine,
130

Dracula,
191

dragons,
125

and Alexander’s forces,
20
–21

of the Bible,
67
,
68

in China,
11

and St. George,
102
,
191

“The Dramaturgy of Death” (Wills),
232

dread,
185

dreaming,
49
–50

Driesbach, David F.,
78

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
(film),
207

dualism,
267

Dyson, Freeman,
271
–272

Eastern monsters,
14
–15

East/West conflict,
240
–241

Eco, Umberto,
77
–78

E. coli
,
199

education,
249

Edward Scissorhands
,
193

eels of the Ganges River,
33
,
34

Ego,
209

egocentrism,
220

Ehrenreich, Barbara,
24

Eichmann, Adolf,
244

Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil
(Arendt),
244

elephant fossils,
31
–32

The Elephant Man
,
193

Ellis, Bret Easton,
241

El sueno de la razon produce monstrous
(Goya),
151

embellishment of monster tales,
22
–23

embryology

Aristotle’s understanding of,
45
–46

and body plans,
157
–159

and deviations,
162
,
163

and epigenesis,
45
–46,
159

and homeotic genes,
177
–178

Hunter’s theories on,
154
–156

and law of
soi pour soi
,
158
–159

and preformationism,
45
–46

emotional caricatures,
3

emotions,
52
–54,
55
–56,
57
,
58

empathy

and Adolf Eichmann,
244

and oppressed classes,
247

and psychopathology,
220
,
222
–223,
224

and uncanny valley,
191

Empedocles,
46
–47,
163

The End of Faith
(Harris),
250
–251

Enlightenment,
129
–130,
151

entertainment, monsters as,
130
–131

environmental issues,
257

Epictetus,
59

Epicurus,
37
,
44

epigenesis,
45
–46,
159

Eraserhead
,
193

Eros,
215

erotic attraction,
54
–55.
See also
desire; sexuality

essential forms of Aristotle,
46
,
47
,
48

ethical progress of society,
187
–188

Ethiopia and Ethiopians,
22
,
78
,
234

ethnic groups,
36
,
85
,
216
,
233
–234

ethnocentrism,
36
,
37

Etruscans,
39

Etymologiae
(Isidore),
75
,
126

eugenics,
273

Euripides,
55
,
58
,
59

European bison,
33

evangelical Pentecostals,
131

Eve (biblical),
88
,
89
,
238

Everett, Bart,
259

evil,
227
,
283

evil twins,
189
–190

evolution

and Darwin,
168

deviations in,
162
,
163
(
see also
variations, genetic)

and Empedocles,
46
–47,
163

evo-devo,
175
–178

God’s use of,
165
–166

and phobias,
3

of robots,
259

and teratology,
173
–175

See also
mutation

evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo),
175
–178

exaggeration,
22
–23

executions, public,
232
–233

exogenic theory of monsters,
165

exorcisms,
106
–107,
119
–120,
278
,
279

extinction,
27
,
30
,
31
–32,
164

Faces of the Enemy
,
235

facial deformities,
78
–79

Fatal Attraction
,
280
–281

Fausto-Sterling, Anne,
42

fear

and angst,
185
–186,
194

and category jamming,
184

cosmic fear,
185
,
186
,
191
,
193
,
194

and empathy,
222

psychological effects of,
188

and psychopathology,
224

and xenophobia,
239

feces,
184

Feejee Mermaid taxidermy hoax,
136
,
140

feminism,
48

fetal development,
155
–156,
168
.
See also

embryology Feynman, Richard,
260
–261

films

economic horror genre,
280
–281

heroism portrayed in,
24

horror film genre,
192

science fiction genre,
199
–202

splatter-punk film genre,
194
,
195

torture porn film genre,
194
–198

uncanny aesthetic in,
193
–194

fish, smallest,
177

Flannery, Tim,
3
–4

Flood, biblical,
72
,
74
,
75

flukes (parasites),
251

Forbidden Planet
,
212
–215,
214

fossils,
30
–32,
279

The Fragility of Goodness
(Nussbaum),
8

Frankenstein
(film),
272

Frankenstein
(Shelley),
151
–153

danger associated with,
13

and horror genre,
183
,
196

and Hunter,
154

and La Mettrie,
150

as mosaic being,
40

and outcast archetype,
11
–12,
100

Franks, Bobby,
205
,
217

freaks,
7
,
135
–140

Freaks
(film),
140

freedom fighters,
249

Freud, Sigmund,
189

on aggression,
191
,
192
,
202
,
209
–210,
243