On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears (69 page)

Nous
(Mind),
43

nuclear weapons,
256
–257

Nussbaum, Martha,
8

oarfish,
1
–2

Obama, Barack,
247

octopi, giant,
35
,
185

Odontotyrannus,
31

Odysseus,
98
,
99

Odyssey
(Homer),
26
–27,
57

Oliver Twist,
235

omens, portents and prophetic arts,
13

Aristotle on,
48
–49

centaur as,
44
–45,
48

hermaphrodites as,
39
–40,
57

monstrous ram as,
43
,
48

reliance on,
39

toad-fish monster as,
141
–142

one-legged men (Sciopodes),
77
–78,
78
,
129

On Monsters and Marvels
(Pare),
144

“On the Proper Time to Slip the Cable” (Seneca),
60

ontogeny,
164

oppression,
246
–249

orbitofrontal cortex,
223

Orchard, Andy,
100

The Organ of the Devil
(Rops),
118

Orientalism,
37
–38,
236

Origin of Species
(Darwin),
138
,
168

Orlan,
262
,
265
,
266

O’Sullivan, Deborah,
204

Othello
(Shakespeare),
131
–132

Our Posthuman Future
(Fukuyama),
273

outcast archetype,
11
–12,
100
–101

Owen, Richard,
165
–169,
178
,
179

pain, sympathetic,
224

paleontology,
164

Palestine,
69

Palmer, John,
109
–110

paralimbic system,
223

parasitic relationships,
198
–199,
201
,
251

Paré, Ambroise,
129
,
141
,
144
–148,
155
,
156

parents,
209
–210,
269
–270,
273
–274.
See

also
mothers Paris, Mathew,
87

Parmenides,
37

Pascal, Blaise,
xv

passion,
55
–56,
58
–59

Passion of St. Christopher
,
81

Patriot Act,
241

Pax genes,
178

Peale, Charles Wilson,
135

pedophiles,
223

penis removal,
110
–111,
112
,
190

pentadactyly,
164
,
173
–174

perception,
49
–50

Pericles,
42
–43

Perseus,
190
,
191

Persians,
37
,
69
,
242
–243,
283

pessimism,
187
–188,
191
,
198
,
209

Pew Research Center,
249

Phaedrus,
51

phenotypes,
171

Philadelphia Public Ledger
,
136

phobias,
1
–5,
198
,
281

Phorcides,
28

Physiologus
,
126

The Piano Tuner of Earthquakes
,
194

“Ping Body” performance art,
264
–265

plastic surgeries,
262
,
265
–266,
276
–277

Plato,
51
–52,
58
,
59
,
194
–195,
212

platypuses,
125

playthings of Nature, monsters as,
38

pleasure principle,
188

pleiotropy
,
273

Pliny the Elder

book of (
see Natural History
)

on Chinese,
37

and credulity,
33

on fossils,
30

on giant octopi,
35

on griffins,
28

on hermaphrodites,
42

on India and Ethiopia,
22

on manticores,
33
,
34

on Nature’s playthings,
38

on physiognomy,
283

on Scythian tribes,
36

on toad-fish monster,
142

on umbrella-footed humans,
36

on unicorns,
129

on werewolves,
33
–35

Pliny the Younger,
75

pliosaurs,
279

Plutarch,
37
,
42
–43

Poe, Edgar Allen,
183
,
184
–185

Poetics
(Aristotle),
34
–35

poetry,
27

Polidori, John,
183

political agendas,
37
–38,
142

polydactyls,
36
,
174

Polyphemus,
26
–27,
98

pope-ass monster,
142

population reduction theory,
168

pornography,
245

possession

ancient accounts of,
57
–58,
59

and exorcisms,
106
–107,
119
–120,
278
,
279

and loss of agency,
284

modern accounts of,
278
–279

and psychopathology,
225
–226

and sexual repression,
117

posthumanism,
261
–262,
266
–267,
273
–274,
275

postmodernism,
252
,
253
,
275

poverty,
248
,
249

power, human drive for,
187
,
217
,
244
,
265
–266

Power, Samantha,
281

Prague,
11
–12,
12

predators,
24
,
198
–199

preformationism,
45
–46

pregnancy,
143
,
146
–148,
162

“Prester John’s Land” (Driesbach),
78

pride,
101
,
102

primates,
239
–240

primitivism,
216
–217

Prince Randian,
139
–140

prison experiment at Stanford University,
244
–245

prodigies,
146

Proffitt, Dennis R.,
22

projection,
57
,
198

Prometheus Bound
(Aeschylus),
27
,
28

Protestants,
142

Protoceratops,
28
–29,
29

prototype theory,
282
–283

Prysner, Mike,
235

Pseudodoxia epidemica
(Browne),
127
–128

pseudoprophetes (false prophets),
68

psittacosaurus,
29

psychopaths,
193
,
212
,
223
–226,
228
.
See

also
criminal monsters Psychopathy Checklist diagnostic tool,
220

psychosomatic theories,
148

purpose of monsters,
43
–44,
48
–49,
275
–276

Pygmies,
77

Pynchon, Thomas R.,
284

Pyrrhus, King of Epirus,
33

Al-Qaida,
249

Al-Qaida Reader
,
248

Quay, Stephen,
194

Quay, Timothy,
194

Qur’an,
92

race

attitudes toward,
235

and lynchings,
232
–233

monstrous races,
36
–38,
233
,
235

and natural selection,
237

See also
xenophobia

racism,
138

rage,
208
–212,
227

Raimi, Sam,
183

ram, one-horned,
43
,
48

Ramayana
,
37

Ramirez, Richard,
280

rape,
210
,
246

reality principle,
188
–189,
191
,
192

reason and rationality

of the ancients,
42
–45,
52
–54,
57
,
58
,
60

and concept of monsters,
10

Freudian theory on,
188

of medieval intellectuals,
80
–81

reductionism,
153
,
258
,
268
,
274

Reformation,
142

relativism,
252
,
253
–254

religion,
188
,
192
,
216
.
See also specific faiths
repression

and adulthood,
190

and conscience development,
210

and narcissism,
189

and sexuality,
116
–117,
195
–196,
215
–216

and torture porn,
197

and uncanniness,
192

reproduction

ambivalent reactions to,
184

and bio-horror,
201

and demons,
144
–145

and hybridism,
167
–168

and witches,
112
-113

Republic
(Plato),
52
–54,
194
–195,
212

repulsion,
5
–7

Resident Evil video game,
198

Resnick, Mitchel,
259
–260

responding to the marvelous, Doran’s model of,
130
–132,
140

Rhizocephala
(“root-headed” barnacle),
198
–199

Ringling Brothers Circus,
139
,
139

Ritvo, Harriet,
129

The Road
(McCarthy),
25
,
197

Robinson, Margaret,
33

robo-roach technology,
263

robotics,
190
–191,
257
–260,
263

Roman Catholic Church

and Inquisition,
107
–108,
112
,
113

and omens,
142

and papacy,
68
,
107
,
113

and witches,
278

Romans, ancient

and biblical prophecy,
67

ethnocentrism of,
36

and hermaphrodites,
39
–42

and infanticide,
40
,
41

and prophetic arts,
39

Romantic criticisms of science,
152
–153

Romero, George,
183

Romulus,
40

Rops, Felicien,
118

Roth, Eli,
196
–197

Rove, Karl,
281

Royal College of Surgeons,
156
,
166

Rush, Benjamin,
236
–237

Russell, Bertrand,
250

Rutilius Lupus,
39

Rwanda,
240

sadism,
195
,
215

Sadler, John,
143

Said, Edward,
37
–38,
236

Salem witch trials,
109

saltational jumps in nature,
165
–166,
166
–169,
170
–171

Sartre, Jean-Paul,
185
,
192

Satan,
64
,
68
.
See also
demons and devils

satyrs,
36
,
79
,
88

Saw
,
195
,
204

scapegoats, monsters as,
11

Scaurus, Marcus,
30

school massacres,
203
–204,
205
,
216

Schopenhauer, Arthur,
187
,
191
,
192

Schubert, Laura,
279

Schwarzenegger, Arnold,
257

science fiction films,
199
,
212
–215

Sciopodes (one-legged men),
77
–78,
78
,
129

Scopes monkey trial,
139

Scott, Ridley,
192
,
201
,
201

Scythia,
88

sea monsters,
126

in Book of Revelation,
68

giant octopi,
35
,
185

Kraken sea monster,
2
,
185

in literature,
185

Loch Ness Monster,
279

phobias about,
1
–3

Seba, Albertus,
123

secular ideology,
196

Security Prison S21,
7
–9,
8

Seductions of Crime
(Katz),
211

segmentation process (somitogenesis),
171
,
176
–177

Sein und Zeit
(Heidegger),
185

Semu-Banda, Pilirani,
278

Seneca,
55
,
60

September 11th terrorist attacks,
197
,
201
,
241
,
249

serial killers

and aggression,
210

in film,
241

media coverage of,
195

and murderabilia,
279
,
280