Nixon and Mao (51 page)

14.
USOH,
Osborn and Grant.

15.
USOH,
Katrosh.

16. Chen Jian,
Mao’s China,
pp. 179–81; Tucker,
Taiwan,
pp. 42–3;
Mao Zedong on Diplomacy,
pp. 264–72.

17. Taylor, p. 243; Garver,
Sino-American,
pp. 137–38;
Mao Zedong on Diplomacy,
p. 266.

18.
USOH,
Green, chapter I; Garver,
Sino-American,
p. 139;
Mao Zedong on Diplomacy,
p. 428.

19. Chen Jian,
Mao’s China,
p. 199.

20. Tucker,
Taiwan,
p. 43.

21. Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 3, p. 7.

22. Ibid., pp. 14–15.

23. Tucker, “Taiwan Expendable?,” p. 116.

24. Taylor, p. 297; See also
FRUS, Foundations,
pp. 208–09.

25. Telecon, The President/Mr. Kissinger, April 18 (?), 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 145, Doc. 5; Memorandum for the President’s File, July 1, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 33.

26. NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 850, Folder 3, p. 3;
WHY,
p. 749.

27. PRO, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 21/824, Memorandum from L. J. Wilder, July 30, 1971.

28. Romberg, p. 26.

29. See, for example, Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, December 10 (?), 1970, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 6; Record of a Discussion with Mr. Henry Kissinger on December 16, 1970, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 7; Accinelli, pp. 11–25.

30. See NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Docs. 34–38, and NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Docs. 10–15.

31. Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, p. 16; Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, pp. 15–17, 19.

32. NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 12, 13; Doc. 38, p. 10; Memorandum of Conversation, October 21, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 11, pp. 13, 20–34; Barnouin and Yu, pp. 185–87.

33. Chen Jian,
Mao’s China,
p. 267.

34.
USOH,
Green, chapter V.

35. Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35; Memorandum of Conversation, July 11, 1971, 10:35
A.M.–
11:55
A.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 38, p. 10.

36. Memorandum of Conversation, October 24, 1971, 10:28
A.M.–
1:55
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 15, p. 25; Memorandum of Conversation, 24 October 1971, 9:23
P.M.–
11:20
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 16, p. 8.

37. Memorandum of Conversation, October 26, 1971, 5:30
A.M.
–8:10
A.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 19, p. 10.

38. Opening Statement—First Private Meeting with Prime Minister Chou En-lai, p. 2, NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847; Memorandum from Henry A. Kissinger to the President, February 8, 1972, Taiwan section, pp. 5 [Nixon handwritten comment], 8; Memorandum Henry A. Kissinger to the President, February 7, 1972, Taiwan, p. 2, Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847.

39. NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder “China Notes,” February 15, 1972.

40. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 4–5.

41. Ibid., p. 23; Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, p. 6.

42. Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 10–12.

43. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 6.

44. Memorandum of Conversation, February 28, 1972, 8:30
A.M.
–9:30
A.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 7, pp. 8–10.

CHAPTER 16: INDOCHINA

1. NPM, White House Special Files, President’s Personal Files, Box 7, Folder “China Notes,” February 15, 1972, p. 23.

2. Bundy, pp. 78–79; Morris, pp. 12–15.

3. Telecon, The President/Mr. Kissinger, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 145, Doc. 7, p. 3.

4. Memorandum from Henry A. Kissinger to the President, February 8, 1972, Indochina, p. 4: Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847.

5. Ibid.

6. Li Danhui, p. 187.

7. Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, p. 26; Westad et al., p. 20; Yang Kuisong, p. 33; Zhai,
China and the Vietnam Wars,
p. 135.

8. Westad, “History,” pp. 10–11.

9. Chen Jian, “China’s Involvement,” p. 385; Li Danhui, p. 177.

10. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 21; Walters, p. 546; Mann, p. 39.

11. Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 21–25, 30–34; Memorandum of Conversation, July 10, 1971, Afternoon, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 35, pp. 10, 23–24.

12. Memorandum of Conversation, October 21, 1971, 10:30
A.M.–
1:45
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 11, p. 17; Memorandum of Conversation, October 21, 1971, 4:42
P.M.–
7:17
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 12, p. 21; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, Your Encounter with the Chinese, February 5, 1972, p. 6; Briefing Papers for the China Trip, Briefing Book V, NPM, National Security Council Files, For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations, Box 847.

13. Memorandum of Conversation, July 9, 1971, Afternoon and Evening, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 34, pp. 33–34.

14. Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, My Talks with Chou En-lai, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 40, pp. 15–16; Zhai, p. 196; Westad et al., p. 178.

15. Yum, p. 75; Barnouin and Yu, p. 189.

16. Zhai, pp. 197–98; Li Danhui, p. 194.

17. Zhai, pp. 200, n. 38; 201.

18. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, pp. 22–27; Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 16–17.

19. Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 5:15
P.M.–
8:05
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 3, pp. 22–23.

20. Ibid., pp. 16–19; Memorandum of Conversation, February 28, 1972, 8:30
A.M.
– 9:30
A.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 7, p. 8; Green, Holdridge, and Stokes, p. 130: Haig, p. 261.

21. Li Danhui, pp. 198–99.

22. Ibid., pp. 199–202.

23. Zhai, pp. 212–13.

CHAPTER 17: HALDEMAN’S MASTERPIECE

1. Rather, p. 245;
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 2006.

2. Kalb, p. 274; Haldeman,
Diaries,
pp. 363–64.

3. Chancellor, p. 94.

4. Cronkite, p. 324; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 419; Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 25, 1972;
Globe and Mail,
February 25, 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, February 26, 1972, NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 6, p. 5.

5. Halstead, p. 10.

6. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 364; NPM, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Dwight Chapin Files, Box 26.

7. Ambrose,
Education,
pp. 95, 585–86; Summers, p. 36; Ehrlichman, pp. 56–58; Walker, p. 183.

8. Safire, p. 607; Ehrlichman, pp. 55–56; Hersh, p. 109; Summers, p. 35.

9. Osborne, p. 29; Thomas,
Front Row,
p. 190; Reeves, p. 451; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi.

10. Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 2:10
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 1, p. 1.

11. Witke,
Comrade Chiang Ch’ing,
pp. 46–50; Witke, “Last Days” pp. 142, 144; Terrill, pp. 17–22.

12. Witke,
Comrade Chiang Ch’ing,
p. 187; Terrill, pp. 135–36; Chang and Halliday, pp. 204–06.

13. Li Zhisui, pp. 144, 254–60, 347–51, 370–71; Jin, pp. 144–45.

14. Witke,
Comrade Chiang Ch’ing,
p. 291; author interview with Zhang Hangzhi; Li Zhisui, pp. 451–52.

15. Terrill, pp. 237, 239–41, 250–53.

16. Author interview with Zhang Hanzhi; Chang and Halliday, p. 627;
RN,
p. 570; Witke,
Comrade Chiang Ch’ing,
p. 370.

17.
RN,
p. 570; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 417; Walker, p. 40.

18. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 418; Fang and Fang, pp. 117–18;
RN,
pp. 572, 577.

19. Lovell, pp. 10–13, chapter 6, and passim.

20. Cronkite, pp. 322–23; Kraft, p. 31; Chen and Lin, p. 313; Lovell, p. 11.

21. Kraft, pp. 31–32.

22. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 419; Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 25, 1972; Kalb, pp. 276–77; author interview with John Burns.

23. Memorandum of Conversation, February 25, 1972, 5:45
P.M.–
6:45
P.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 5; Lilley, pp. 167–68.

24. Halstead, pp. 8–9; Kalb, 277; Walker, pp. 47, 154; Kraft, p. 34;
Globe and Mail,
February 26, 1972.

CHAPTER 18: AUDIENCE REACTIONS

1. Doran and Lee, p. 730.

2.
USOH,
Supplement, Galloway.

3. Kraft, p. 29.

4. Gaiduk, p. 228;
WHY,
pp. 172–73, 192–93, 268, 688; Arbatov, p. 180.

5. Gaiduk, p. 229; Dobrynin, pp. 208, 217–18;
WHY,
pp. 731, 737; Memorandum for the President, July 14, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 66, Doc. 40, p. 8.

6. Dobrynin, pp. 218–19, 225; “Soviet Press Comments on President Nixon’s Visit to China,” July 30, 1971, PRO, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 21/824; Wishnick,
Mending Fences,
p. 59; Arbatov, pp. 180–82.

7. Dobrynin, pp. 226–28;
WHY,
p. 766;
FRUS, Foundations,
pp. 327–28.

8. Bundy, pp. 250–59; Strober and Strober, p. 132; Chi Su, p. 562, n. 14.

9.
FRUS, Foundations,
p. 353; Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” pp. 2–3;
WHY,
pp. 321–25; Memorandum of Conversation, October 22, 1971, NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 22.

10. Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” p. 7; Bundy, pp. 142–44; Hersh, pp. 380–81; Giffard, pp. 170–71.

11. Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” pp. 8–9.

12. Ibid., pp. 11–12; Johnson, p. 554; interview with Brown,
PCC
transcripts, 1/V, pp. 9–10.

13. Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” p. 12;
USOH,
Freeman.

14. Hoff, pp. 140–41; Reeves, p. 341; Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” p. 16.

15. Memorandum of Conversation, October 22, 1971, 4:40
P.M.
–7:10
P.M.,
NSA, Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 13, p. 23; NPM, National Security Council Files, January 1972, Japan SATO San Clemente, Box 925, VIP Visits.

16. Schaller, “The Nixon ‘Shocks,’” p. 17.

17. Bachrack, pp. 261, 265; Tucker, “Taiwan Expendable?,” p. 129.

18. Shen, pp. 70, 73–77; Tucker, “Taiwan Expendable?,” pp. 127, 132, 134; interview with Mann,
PCC
transcripts, 1/V, roll 43, p. 13.

19. Taylor, p. 307; Garver,
Sino-American,
pp. 276–77.

20. Memorandum of Conversation, October 23, 1971, 9:05
P.M.
–10:05
P.M.,
NSA Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 14, p. 2; Tucker, “Taiwan Expendable?,” p. 126; Walters, p. 546; author interview with Richard Solomon; Taylor, p. 308.

21. Jacobs, p. 102; Shen, p. 79; Garver,
Sino-American,
p. 275; Kalb, p. 282; Taylor, p. 309.

22. Doran and Lee, p. 696;
USOH,
Supplement, Gleysteen.

CHAPTER 19: THE SHANGHAI COMMUNIQUÉ

1. Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 26, 1972.

2. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 418;
Globe and Mail,
February 26, 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, February 21, 1972, 4:15
P.M.
–5:30
P.M.,
p. 9, and Memorandum of Conversation, February 25, 1972, 9:34
A.M.–
10:58
A.M.,
p. 10, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.

3.
WHY,
p. 1081; Memorandum of Conversation, February 25, 1972, 5:45
P.M.–
6:45
P.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 5, pp. 1–2; Memorandum of Conversation, Saturday, February 26, 1972, NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 6; Memorandum of Conversation, February 25, 1972, 4:50
P.M.–
5:25
P.M.,
and Memorandum of Conversation, February 25– February 26, 1972, 10:30
P.M.–
1:40
A.M.,
p. 22, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.