Nixon and Mao (52 page)

4.
RN,
p. 571;
WHY,
pp. 1074–80.

5. Ma, pp. 80–81, 88, 376–78, 379–80; Zhai, p. 100;
WHY,
p. 1054; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 10.

6. Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 9:59
A.M.–
12:42
P.M.,
pp. 6, 19, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972;
WHY,
p. 1077.

7. Memorandum of Conversation, Thursday, February 24, 1972, 9:59
A.M.–
12:42
P.M.,
p. 22, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.

8. Memorandum of Conversation, Tuesday, February 22, 1972, 10:05
A.M.
–11:55
A.M.,
pp. 7–9, 10; Memorandum of Conversation, February 24, 1972, 9:59
A.M.–
12:42
A.M.,
pp. 18, 20, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.

9.
USOH,
Supplement, Gleysteen; Garver,
Sino-American,
pp. 271–72.

10. Memorandum of Conversation, Thursday, February 24, 1972, 9:59
A.M.–
12:42
A.M,
p. 19, and Memorandum of Conversation, Friday, February 25, 1972, 9:34
A.M.–
10:58
A.M.,
pp. 7–8, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, NPM, National Security Council Files, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972; Haldeman,
Diaries,
pp. 419–21;
RN,
p. 572.

11. Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 25, 1972, February 26, 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, February 22, 1972, 10:05
A.M.
–11:55
A.M.,
p. 7, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.

12.
RN,
p. 573;
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 1972.

13. Thomas,
Front Row,
p. 190;
New York Times,
February 27, 1972;
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 2006; Osborne, p. 29;
WHY,
p. 1082; Kraft, pp. 35–36.

14. Osborne, pp. 27–28.

15. Tyler, pp. 138–39;
USOH,
Green, chapter VI.

16. Tucker,
China Confidential,
p. 274;
USOH,
Green, chapter VI.

17.
USOH,
Green, chapter VI;
WHY,
p. 1083; Tyler, p. 140.

18. Memorandum of Conversation, Saturday, February 26–Sunday, February 27, 1972, 10:20
P.M.–
1:40
A.M.,
NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972;
WHY,
pp. 1083–84; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi.

19.
USOH,
Green, chapter VI; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 422.

20.
USOH,
Green, chapter VI;
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 1972.

21. Kraft, p. 37; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 256;
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 1972;
New York Times,
February 28, 1972.

22.
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 1972;
New York Times,
February 28, 1972; Memorandum of Conversation, February 23, 1972, 2:00
P.M.–
6:00
P.M.,
NSA, Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified, Doc. 2, pp. 14–15.

23. Memorandum of Conversation, February 27, 1972, 11:30
A.M.–
1:55
P.M.,
pp. 7–8, 10–11, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972; Green, Holdridge, and Stokes, pp. 146–47.

24. Kalb, pp. 280–81; Kraft, pp. 38–39; Halstead, p. 10;
New York Times,
February 28, 1972;
USOH,
Green, chapter VI; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 422; Tyler, p. 143.

25. Memorandum of Conversation, February 25, 1972, 4:50
P.M.
–5:25
P.M.,
p. 6, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February1972;ZhangHanzhi, pp.251–52;authorinterviewwithZhangHanzhi.

26. Tyler, p. 143;
WHY,
p. 1069.

27. Memorandum of Conversation, Sunday, February 27–Monday, February 28, 1972, 11:05
P.M.–
12:30
A.M.,
pp. 1–3, NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Country Files–Far East, Box 92, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972.

28. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 422;
WHY,
p. 1086.

29. Cronkite, p. 325; author interview with Zhang Hanzhi.

30. Memorandum of Conversation, Monday, February 28, 1972, 8:30
A.M.–
9:30
A.M.,
NSA, Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972, Doc. 7, pp. 3–5, 8–11.

31. Holdridge, p. 95; Reeves, p. 457; Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 28, 1972; Halstead, p. 10.

32.
Globe and Mail,
February 28, 1972; Zhang Hanzhi, p. 256;
USOH,
Freeman; Halstead, p. 10; Haldeman, CD-ROM, February 28, 1972.

33. Holdridge, pp. 98–102;
USOH,
Green, chapter VII; Taylor, p. 308;
USOH,
Freeman; Welfield, p. 310; Doran and Lee, pp. 710, 731.

34. Chancellor, p. 91; Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 423.

CONCLUSION

1.
Life,
72.9 (March 10, 1972), pp. 11–12; Foot,
Practice of Power,
p. 107; Tyler, pp. 143–44.

2. Hamilton, p. 117; Bundy, pp. 314–21;
WHY,
pp. 1118–19, 1122, 1142, 1146;
RN,
pp. 881–83; Kozyrev, pp. 267–76.

3. Bundy, pp. 322–27; Burr,
Transcripts,
pp. 68–70; Wang, pp. 158–164; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, March 2, 1973; Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, November 19, 1973, NSA, China and the United States, Doc. CH00259 and Doc. CH 00277.

4. Shen, pp. 13, 184–85.

5. Holdridge, pp. 118–21, 124–26.

6. Haldeman,
Diaries,
p. 472.

7. Reeves, pp. 519–20, 526.

8. Ibid., pp. 527, 531–32.

9. Ibid., pp. 558–59.

10. Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval,
p. 122; Isaacson, p. 503.

11.
RN,
p. 1076; Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval,
p. 1210.

12. Harding, pp. 48, 64.

13. Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger, November 19, 1973, NSA, China and the United States, Doc. CH 00277, pp. 4–5; Shambaugh, p. 177; Li Zhisui, pp. 580–81, 584–85.

14. Li Zhisui, pp. 572–73, 582–83; author interview with Henry Kissinger.

15. Holdridge, pp. 143–50; Short,
Mao,
pp. 606–11.

16. Short,
Mao,
pp. 621–22;
USOH,
Supplement, Gleysteen; Nixon,
Leaders,
p. 239.

17. Ma, pp. 379–86; Short,
Mao,
pp. 620–24.

18. Barmé, pp. 8–9, 22, 43, 46, 52, 196, 211.

19. Ma, pp. 389–90, 399–400.

20. Isaacson, pp. 708–09; chapter 33 passim.

21. Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval,
p. 1212;
RN,
p. 1083; Summers, p. 485;
Newsweek,
May 19, 1986.

22. Brodie, p. 470; Summers, pp. ix–xi;
New York Times,
April 28, 1994.

23. Crowley, p. 159.

24. Tyler, pp. 275–78.

25. Crowley, p. 159;
Wall Street Journal,
April 20, 2006.

26. See, for example, Mann, chapters 1 and 2; Bundy, pp. 523–24; Memorandum of Conversation, February 21, 1972, 4:15
P.M.
–5:30
P.M.,
NPM, National Security Council Files, HAK Office Files, Box 92, Country Files–Far East, Dr. Kissinger’s Meetings in the PRC During the Presidential Visit February 1972, p. 4.

27. Memorandum of Conversation, October 20, 1971, 4:40
P.M.–
7:10
P.M.,
NSA Electronic Briefing Book No. 70, Doc. 10;
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.

ARCHIVAL SOURCES

UNITED KINGDOM

Public Record Office, Surrey: Foreign and Commmonwealth Office (21: 818, 823, 824, 825, 828, 833, 982, 983)

UNITED STATES

The American Presidency Project, 1999–2005, John Wooley and Gerhard Peters (http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php): The Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States

National Archives and Records Administration (Archives II, in College Park, Maryland, 2006)

Nixon Presidential Materials Project, National Security Council Files:

White House Special Files (Staff Member and Office Files, Dwight Chapin Files, Box 28)

Japan SATO San Clemente (Box 925)

“For the President’s Files (Winston Lord) China/Vietnam Negotiations”

(Box 846, Box 847, Box 850)

HAK Office Files (Country Files–Far East, Box 92)

The National Security Archive (George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 2005):

Collection: China and the United States: From Hostility to

Engagement, 1960–1998 U.S. Japan Project

Record of Historic Richard Nixon–Zhou Enlai Talks in February 1972; now declassified

Nixon’s Trip to China: Records Now Completely Declassified

Electronic Briefing Books

Briefing Book No. 66: “The Beijing-Washington Back-Channel and Henry Kissinger’s Secret Trip to Beijing, September 1970–July 1971”

Briefing Book No. 70: “Negotiating US Chinese Rapprochement”

Briefing Book No. 145: “New Documentary Reveals Secret U.S., Chinese Diplomacy Behind Nixon’s Trip”

Many of the materials in the National Security Archive have also become available since the time of writing in two new volumes of
Foreign Relations of the United States: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976,
vol. XVII:
China, 1969–1972,
edited by Steven E. Phillips (Washington, D.C., 2006) and the accompanying electronic publication
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976,
vol. E-13:
Documents on China, 1969–1972,
edited by Steven E. Phillips (Washington, D.C., 2006).

U.S. Department of State:

Foreign Relations of the United States
(Washington, D.C., 2005; abbreviated as
FRUS;
http://www.state.gov) Nixon–Ford Administrations: Volume E-7, Documents on South Asia, 1969–1972

INTERVIEWS AND ORAL HISTORIES

AUTHOR INTERVIEWS

Gordon Barass, London, July 14, 2003

John Burns, Toronto, November 7, 2003

Chen Weiming, Shanghai, April 24, 2005

Robert Edmonds, Toronto, January 1, 2004

John Fraser, Ottawa, February 8, 2004

Edward Heath, Salisbury, U.K., December 2, 2004

Jia Qingguo, Beijing, April 19, 2005

Henry Kissinger, Paris, May 15, 2003, and May 18, 2003 Herbert Levin, New York, November 6, 2003

Li Qin, Beijing, April 20, 2005

Winston Lord, July 19, 2004

Arthur Menzies, Ottawa, February 28, 2005

Michael Richardson, London, June 2, 2004

Peter Rodman, Washington, D.C, November 8, 2004

Blair Seaborn, Ottawa, February 28, 2005

John Small, Ottawa, February 28, 2005

Richard Solomon, Washington, D.C., November 9, 2004 Yanhua Shi, Beijing, April 20, 2005

Yu Jiafu, Beijing, April 20, 2005

Zhang Hanzhi, Beijing, April 21, 2005

FRONTLINE DIPLOMACY: THE U.S. FOREIGN AFFAIRS ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION,
EDITED BY MARILYN BENTLEY AND MARIE WARNER (
USOH
), CD-ROM. ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA, 2001.

Ralph Clough

William J. Cunningham

Charles Freeman

Lindsey Grant

Marshall Green

John H. Holdridge

Jerome K. Holloway

Walter E. Jenkins

Richard E. Johnson

Ralph J. Katrosh

Paul Kreisberg

John Lacey

Herbert Levin

Winston Lord

Larue Lutkins

Robert L. Nichols

David Osborn

Harry Thayer

SUPPLEMENT

John A. Buche

David Dean

Joseph S. Farland

Harvey Feldman

David Fischer

William J. Galloway

William H. Gleysteen

Winston Lord

GERALD R. FORD LIBRARY

Winston Lord interview, October 19, 1977

PLAYING THE CHINA CARD: NIXON AND MAO
(DOCUMENTARY)

TRANSCRIPTS, ARCHIVES, BRITISH LIBRARY OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCE, LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

Tim Boggan

William Brown

Dwight Chapin

Henry A. Kissinger

James Mann

Christopher H. Phillips

PBS WEB SITE

HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/WGBH/AMEX/CHINA/INDEX.HTML

Alexander Haig

Mohammad Khan

Zhang Hanzhi

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Aijazuddin, F. S.
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Ambrose, Stephen E.
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———.
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Arbatov, Georgi.
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Arkush, R. David, and Leo Ou-fan Lee.
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Bachrack, Stanley D.
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Barmé, Geremie R.
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Barnouin, Barbara, and Yu Changgen.
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———, ed.
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———.
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Canberra, 2002.

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Ehrlichman, John.
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———. “Prizes Won, Opportunities Lost: The U.S. Normalization of Relations with China, 1972–1979.” In
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———. “Redefinitions: The Domestic Context of America’s China Policy in the 1960s.” In
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Frankel, Max.
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Garment, Leonard.
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Garver, John W.
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———.
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———.
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———. “Nixon, Kissinger, and the ‘Soviet Card’ in the U.S. Opening to China, 1971–1974.”
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