Madison's Music (44 page)

punitive damages, in civil law,
27

pure speech

     
Buckley v. Valeo
and,
177

     
campaign finance and,
64–65

     
communicative conduct and,
122–23

     
First Amendment and,
65

     
flag burning as,
123

purposivism,
177–78

Pussy Riot,
140–41

Putin, Vladimir,
106
,
140–41

racial minorities

     
in Brooklyn,
50–51

     
electoral districts for,
21

     
Equal Protection Clause and,
47–48

     
Fifteenth Amendment and,
35
,
45

     
First Amendment and,
100

     
Louisiana Supreme Court and,
48–49

     
prejudice against,
8

     
Supreme Court and,
50–51

     
voting by,
45
,
50–51

Ramsay, Dennis,
160
,
239–40n20

Randolph, Edmund,
199

RAV v. City of St. Paul
,
235n37

Rawls, John,
138

Reagan, Ronald,
2
,
132

reasonable doubt,
30

Reconstruction South, military in,
188–89

registration, of voters,
94–95
,
148

Rehnquist, William,
114

     
campaign finance and,
63

     
convicted felon voting and,
45–46

religion,
132–47
.
See also
Establishment Clause
;
Free Exercise Clause

     
Alito and,
145

     
Article I and,
209–10

     
censorship by,
99

     
Committee of Eleven and,
209–10

     
in First Amendment,
5
,
14
,
17

     
in public schools,
146

     
Supreme Court and,
184

religious conscience,
132–38

     
darker side of,
138–44

     
First Amendment and,
134

     
Founders and,
138

Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA),
135
,
136

religious test, for public office,
139
,
199

religious wars, in England,
24

Republican Form of Government Clause

     
of First Amendment,
41
,
42
,
43
,
230n6

     
Founders and,
43

     
for states,
42

Republican Party

     
Bush v. Gore
and,
73

     
First Amendment and,
111

     
gerrymandering by,
53–54
,
84–85
,
229n13
,
229n14

     
McCarthyism and,
110–11

     
in North Carolina,
84

     
primary elections and,
56–61

     
Supreme Court and,
10
,
66
,
73
,
86–88
,
113
,
114–15

     
voter identification requirements and,
78

     
voters for,
21

residence requirements, for voting,
45
,
57

Revolutionary War,
202

RFRA.
See
Religious Freedom Restoration Act

right to counsel,
204
,
211

     
Sixth Amendment and,
27
,
30

right to know, First Amendment and,
102

Roberts, John

     
on Affordable Care Act,
172

     
on
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission
,
74

Roberts, Owen,
182

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
182–85

     
Korematsu v. United States
and,
192

Roosevelt, Teddy,
21

rule of law,
140

     
Marbury v. Madison
and,
166–67

Rutledge, John,
154–55
,
239n14

Sacco, Nicola,
193

“safe-harbor” provision

     
in
Bush v. Gore
,
189

     
Hayes and,
232n51

Scalia, Antonin,
198
,
226

     
on Free Exercise Clause,
134–35

     
Marbury v. Madison
and,
173

     
originalism of,
29
,
175

     
violent video games and,
107–8

Schauer, Frederick,
233n18

Schenck, Charles,
189–90
,
195

Schwartz, Jacob,
191

search.
See
“unreasonable search and seizure”

Second Amendment

     
Founders and,
23

     
Keep and Bear Arms Clause in,
14
,
24
,
219

     
Supreme Court and,
24–25

     
“well-regulated Militia” in,
14
,
23
,
24

secrecy, First Amendment and,
102

secular conscience,
30
,
210

     
First Amendment and,
31
,
134

     
Harlan and,
41
,
134

     
Ninth Amendment and,
134

Sedgwick, Theodore,
218

     
on Committee of Style,
221

seizure.
See
“unreasonable search and seizure”

self-defense, Keep and Bear Arms Clause and,
24

self-expression, First Amendment and,
8–9

self-incrimination, Fifth Amendment and,
26

Senate

     
Bill of Rights and,
222–23

     
conscience and,
19

     
filibuster and,
90–91

     
gerrymandering and,
55

     
judges and,
159

     
as malapportioned,
36

     
Seventeenth Amendment and,
43

separation of powers

     
Committee of Eleven and,
215–16
,
219

     
in Constitution,
75

     
Marbury v. Madison
and,
171

     
Tenth Amendment and,
206

Seventeenth Amendment,
43

Seventh Amendment,
25
,
205
,
227n2

     
jury trial and,
27
,
206

Shaw v. Reno
,
229n10

Shelby County v. Holder
,
229n11

Sherman, Roger,
1
,
197
,
207–8
,
216
,
218
,
220
,
228

     
on Committee of Style,
221

Sikhs,
145

Sixteenth Amendment,
44

Sixth Amendment,
25
,
205
,
227n2

     
jury trial and,
27

     
proof beyond a reasonable doubt and,
30

     
right to counsel and,
27
,
30

slavery.
See also
antislavery
;
Dred Scott v. Sandford

     
Civil War and,
176

     
Constitution and,
175–76

     
Fifth Amendment and,
176

     
Fourteenth Amendment and,
176

     
Fugitive Slave Clause,
181

     
judicial review and,
181–82

     
military draft as,
190

     
natural law against,
32

     
Petition Clause and,
89–90

     
Southern support for,
8

     
Thirteenth Amendment and,
44
,
176

Smith Act,
193

Social Security,
135

Socialist Party,
189–90

“sore loser” laws,
57

Souter, David,
177–78

     
Brennan and,
40

     
Bush v. Gore
and,
73

     
Founders and,
29

sovereignty, Tenth Amendment and,
33

speakers, First Amendment and,
99–100

spectator citizens,
37–38

speech.
See also
Free Speech Clause
;
pure speech

     
corporations and,
9–10

     
First Amendment and,
5

     
human dignity and,
8–9

     
jailings for,
6–7

speech targets, First Amendment and,
104
,
129–31

Staats Zeitung
(National News),
190

Stalin, Joseph,
97
,
139
,
140

     
Lipman and,
191

states.
See also
federalism
;
specific states

     
Bill of Rights and,
30
,
31
,
223

     
courts in,
168

     
Eleventh Amendment and,
44

     
Republican Form of Government Clause and,
41
,
42
,
43

     
third parties and,
61

Steimer, Mollie,
190
,
191

Stevens, Wallace,
2–4
,
16
,
114
,
115
,
223

     
on campaign finance,
66

Stoddert, Benjamin,
160

strict literalism, of Thomas,
29