July 1914: Countdown to War (62 page)
Read July 1914: Countdown to War Online
Authors: Sean McMeekin
Tags: #World War I, #Europe, #International Relations, #20th Century, #Modern, #General, #Political Science, #Military, #History
German invasion of, as a cause of First World War,
401–402
German plans to march through,
278–279
,
318
German request to allow free passage of troops,
339
,
360–363
Below-Selaske, Klaus von,
356
,
360–362
Benckendorff, Alexander
direct talks between Austria and Russia and,
213
,
249
four-power mediation plan and,
205–206
Grey’s speech to House of Commons and,
365
notice of Russian general mobilization,
303–304
request over British dreadnoughts,
74–75
Berchtold, Leopold von,
assassination as pretext for settling accounts with Serbia,
61
attempts to hide Austrian intentions regarding Serbia,
125–129
,
136–137
belief that preparations still secret,
167–168
belief that Russia would not engage on Serbians’ behalf,
48
Bethmann’s irresolution and,
306
n
confrontation between Szápàry and Sazonov and,
167–168
control over contents of ultimatum,
141–144
declaration of war on Serbia and,
237
,
244–246
,
249
,
400–401
delay in presenting ultimatum and,
124
desire to declare war,
218–219
determination of Russian intentions and,
133–134
German support for war with Serbia and,
41–42
,
45–46
,
86
,
90–91
,
94
hedging on war in event of Serbian rejection of ultimatum,
202–203
informing Germans of Austrian response to Serbia,
95–96
instructions for delivery of Austrian notes to Berlin,
96–97
making case for war against Serbia,
107–109
,
111–113
,
116
,
120–121
meeting with Franz Josef over demands on Serbia,
116–117
meeting with Lützow,
126–127
,
128
news of Serbian rejection of ultimatum and,
202
photograph of,
27
reassurance of German support,
236
rejection of mediation,
245
response to assassination,
27–28
,
30–31
responsibility for First World War,
392
,
394–395
,
396–397
Second Balkan War and,
84
second war council and,
140
timing of Serbian ultimatum and,
123–124
,
130–131
Tschirschky and,
218
ultimatum timetable and delivery,
170–171
Berchtold, Nandine von,
27
Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger
(newspaper),
304
Berliner Tageblatt
(newspaper),
72
Berthelot, Philippe,
325
Bertrab, Hermann von,
105
Bethmann Hollweg, Martha,
103
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von,
45
,
80
audience with Goschen over Russian mobilization,
308–309
border violations by French troops and,
370
breach with England and,
233–234
British neutrality and,
274–275
,
276–281
,
343
,
377–379
confirmation of Russian mobilization,
286–288
,
309
declaration of war on France and,
350–351
distrust of by those pressing for war,
102–103
events leading to declaration of war on Russia and,
337–347
failure to gather and present information on European response to ultimatum,
228–229
,
230–232
First Balkan War and,
84
German mobilization and,
311–312
German responsibility for movement towards war and,
234–235
,
237
“halt in Belgrade” proposal and,
252–255
,
256–257
,
306
information on European response to ultimatum,
223–224
on invasion of Belgium,
377
irresolution of,
306
keeping Serbian reply to ultimatum from kaiser,
243–244
loss of control over events,
352–353
mediation plans and,
235–238
,
281
meeting with Moltke and Falkenhayn on mobilization measures,
267–268
notice to Britain of German mobilization,
329
photograph of,
103
protest over British-Russian naval talks,
72
rapprochement with England,
90
,
102
rebuke by kaiser,
251
refusal to warn Russia against mobilization,
254–255
responsibility for First World War,
393–394
speech on war to Reichstag,
376–378
support for Austrian action,
104–105
,
109
Turkey and,
353–354
wife’s death and,
103–104
Wilhelm II and,
224–227
Bienerth, Karl von,
289–290
Bienvenu-Martin, Jean-Baptiste,
195
,
262
Biliński, Leon von,
4
,
31
,
51
,
109
,
137
bin Laden, Osama,
391
Bismarck, Otto von,
32
,
40
,
81–82
Black Hand,
7–8
,
17
,
25
,
33
,
49
,
212
,
390
Boisdeffre, Raoul de,
400
Bonar Law, Andrew,
328
,
332
,
350
,
357
,
358
,
363
Bosnia-Herzegovina, annexation of,
3–4
,
25
,
186–187
Bosnian Crisis (1908–1909).
See
First Bosnian Crisis
Breslau
(cruiser),
380–381
Brideshead Revisited
(Waugh),
364
n
Britain
agreement to defend the Channel,
359
assassination of Franz Ferdinand as factor in lead-up to First World War,
385–386
France and Russia as allies in war,
59–60
,
390
German complaint about Russian mobilization,
214–216
German desire for neutrality of,
274–275
,
276–281
German invasion of Belgium and,
278–279
,
374
Grey in aftermath of speech,
371–372
Home Rule crisis,
69–70
,
72
,
250
,
385–386
insistence on respect of Belgian neutrality,
73–74
,
323–324
,
333
,
360
,
368
,
372
mobilization,
364–365
naval agreement with France,
72–73
,
402
naval talks with Russia and France,
72–74
noninterventionists
vs
. interventionists in,
280–281
,
314
,
331–333
,
356–360
,
369
,
402
obligations to France,
359
,
366–369
,
402
obligations to Russia,
59–60
offer of neutrality,
310–311
,
341–345
,
347–349
premobilization of navy,
229
,
232
,
239–240
resignations over war,
363–364
response to assassination,
68–69
,
77
response to German and Russian mobilization,
328–333
response to news of imminent war in Europe,
312–316
Russian mobilization and,
181–182
,
238–240
,
328–333
,
356
See also
Buchanan, George
;
Churchill, Winston
;
Grey, Edward
British dreadnoughts,
60–61
,
74
,
315–316
,
380
,
381
,
388
Buchanan, George
British neutrality and,
279–280
failure to report Russian mobilization,
356
at Franco-Russian summit,
154–155
inept reporting of,
403
meeting with Sazonov on Russian mobilization,
194–195
obliviousness to Russian mobilization,
246
,
247–248
,
249
refusal to sanction war,
181–182
on Russian mobilization,
238–239
on Russian reaction to assassination,
56
Sazanov claim of German mobilization and,
299–300
Sazonov’s uneasiness with Austrian ultimatum,
134
telegram from George V and,
330
Bulgaria,
41
,
110
,
111
,
353
,
383
,
389
Bundesrat,
80
Bunsen, Maurice de,
127–129
