July 1914: Countdown to War (61 page)

Kennedy, Paul, ed.
The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880–1914
. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

Krasnyi Arkhiv: Istoricheskii zhurnal
. 106 vols. Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1922–1941.

Krivoshein, K. A.
A. V. Krivoshein (1857–1921 g.) Ego znachenie v istorii Rossii nachala XX veka
. Paris: s.n., 1973.

Lichnowsky, Karl Max.
Heading for the Abyss: Reminiscences
. London: Constable, 1928.

Lieven, D. C. B.
Nicholas II: Emperor of All the Russias
. London: J. Murray, 1993.

————.
Russia and the Origins of the First World War
. New York: St. Martin’s, 1983.

Linke, Horst Günther.
Das Zaristische Russland und der erste Weltkrieg: Diplomatie Und Kriegsziele 1914–1917
. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1982.

Massie, Robert K.
Nicholas and Alexandra
. New York: Atheneum, 1967.

McDonald, David MacLaren.
United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 1900–1914
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

McMeekin, Sean.
The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany’s Bid for World Power, 1898–1918
. London: Penguin/Allen Lane, 2010.

————.
The Russian Origins of the First World War
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Belknap, 2011.

Menning, Bruce.
Bayonets Before Bullets: The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914
. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.

————. “The Offensive Revisited: Russian Preparation for Future War, 1906–1914.” In
Reforming the Tsar’s Army: Military Innovation in Imperial Russia from Peter the Great to the Revolution
, edited by Bruce Menning and David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Messimy, Adolphe.
Mes Souvenirs
. Paris: Plon, 1937.

Moltke, Helmuth Johann Ludwig von.
Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877–1916: Ein Bild vom Kriegsausbruch, erster Kriegsführung und Persönlichkeit des ersten militärischen Führern des Krieges
. Stuttgart: Der kommende Tag, 1922.

Mombauer, Annika.
The Origins of the First World War: Controversies and Consensus
. New York: Longman, 2002.

Morley, John, Viscount.
Memorandum on Resignation, 1914
. New York: Macmillan, 1928.

Morton, Frederick.
Thunder at Twilight: Vienna 1913/1914
. London: Peter Owen, 1989.

Neilson, Keith, with Roy Arnold Prete. “Russia.” In
Decisions for War, 1914
, edited by Keith Wilson. New York: St. Martin’s, 1995.

Poincaré, Raymond.
Au service de la France: Neuf années de souvenirs
. 10 vols. Paris: Plon, 1926–.

Pokrovskii, M. N., ed.
Drei Konferenzen (zur Vorgeschichte des Krieges)
. Berlin: Arbeiterbuchhandlung, 1920.

————.
Tsarskaia Rossiia v mirovoi voine
. Vol. 1. Leningrad: 1926.

Rauchensteiner, Manfried.
Der Tod des Doppeladlers: Österreich-Ungarn und der Erste Weltkrieg
. Vienna: Verlag Styria, 1993.

Reynolds, Michael A.
Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires
. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Siegel, Jennifer.
Endgame: Britain, Russia, and the Final Struggle for Central Asia
. London: I. B. Tauris, 2002.

Smith, C. Jay, Jr.
The Russian Struggle for Power, 1914–1917: A Study of Russian Foreign Policy During the First World War
. New York: Philosophical Library, 1956.

Smith, David James.
One Morning in Sarajevo: 28 June 1914
. London: Phoenix, 2009.

Sondhaus, Lawrence.
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: Architect of the Apocalypse
. Boston: Humanities, 2000.

————.
Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
. New York: Routledge, 2001.

Spears, Sir Edward.
Liaison 1914: A Narrative of the Great Retreat
. London: W. Heinemann, 1930.

Spring, Derek. “Russia and the Coming of War.” In
The Coming of the First World War
, edited by R. J. W. Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann. Oxford: Clarendon / Oxford University Press, 1983.

Steinberg, John W.
All the Tsar’s Men: Russia’s General Staff and the Fate of Empire, 1898–1914
. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

Steiner, Zara.
Britain and the Origins of the First World War
. New York: St. Martin’s, 1977.

Stevenson, David.
Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Tragedy
. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

————.
The First World War and International Politics
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Stone, Norman.
The Eastern Front 1914–1917
. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1975.

————.
Europe Transformed, 1878–1919
. Glasgow: Fontana, 1983.

————.
World War One: A Short History
. London: Allan Lane, 2007.

Strachan, Hew.
The First World War
. New York: Viking, 2004.

Sukhomlinov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich.
Erinnerungen
. Berlin: R. Hobbing, 1924.

Tuchman, Barbara W.
The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914
. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

Turner, L. C. F. “The Russian Mobilization in 1914.”
Journal of Contemporary History
3, no. 1 (January 1968): 65–88.

————. “The Significance of the Schlieffen Plan.” In
The War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880–1914
, edited by Paul Kennedy. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

Viviani, René.
As We See It
. Translated by Thomas R. Ybarra. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1923.

Wilhelm II (Emperor of Germany).
Reden des Kaisers: Ansprachen, Predigten, und Trinkspräche
. Edited by Ernst Johann. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1966.

Williamson, Samuel R., Jr.
Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War
. London: Macmillan, 1991.

————, with Ernest R. May. “An Identity of Opinion: Historians and July 1914.”
Journal of Modern History
79 (June 2007): 335–387.

Yasamee, F. A. K. “Ottoman Empire.” In
Decisions for War, 1914
, edited by Keith Wilson. New York: St. Martin’s, 1995.

Zweig, Stefan.
The World of Yesterday: An Autobiography by Stefan Zweig
. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1943.

Adlerberg (General),
194
,
203
,
209

Aehrenthal, Alois Lexa von,
4
,
322

Albertini, Luigi,
245

Albert I of Belgium,
324
,
361
,
373

Alexandra (tsarina),
159–160

Alexandria
(yacht),
147–148
,
164
,
166

Alexis, tsarevich,
159
,
160

Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907,
148
,
155

Apis.
See
Dimitrijevitch, Dragutin (“Apis”)

Artamonov, Viktor,
50–51

Asquith, Herbert Henry,
328
,
329
,
330

     
on German diplomacy,
279

     
Home Rule and,
71
,
77
,
250

     
information from Churchill on naval premobilization,
251

     
news of invasion of Belgium and,
374

     
response to news of imminent war in Europe,
313

     
support for intervention/war,
281
,
331
,
332
,
356
,
358
,
360
,
363
,
364
,
365

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
20

     
Austrian response to,
28–29
,
30–46

     
British response to,
68–69
,
77

     
car traveled in,
19

     
as cause of First World War,
384–390

     
European response to,
48

     
first attempt,
14–15

     
German response to,
78–80
,
85–86

     
investigation into,
92–94
,
106–107
,
120
,
177

     
locations of assassins,
12–14

     
motivation of Serbs involved,
390–391

     
planning,
6–13

     
response in Belgrade following,
29

     
route of motorcade in Sarajevo,
11–13

     
routes taken by assassins to Sarajevo,
9

     
Russian response to,
48–49
,
55–61

     
weapon used,
18

Austria-Hungary

     
alliance with Germany,
40

     
assassination as factor in lead-up to First World War,
386

     
declaration of war on Serbia,
230
,
244–246
,
249
,
396–397
,
400–401

     
declaration would not annex Serbian territory,
324–325

     
decline as European power,
37
,
40

     
general mobilization,
326

     
isolation of,
84–85

     
mobilization,
115
,
202
,
218–220
,
248–249
,
267
,
287
,
289
,
326

     
need for German support/approval,
42
,
45–46

     
response among government officials to assassination,
30–46

     
response in Vienna to news of assassination,
28–29

     
responsibility for First World War,
391–393
,
400–401

     
shelling of Belgrade,
269
,
270

     
Tisza and demands on Serbia,
110–111
,
112–113
,
115
,
120–121

     
war councils,
106–113
,
136–144
,
325–326

     
See also
Berchtold, Leopold von
;
Franz Josef I
;
Tisza, Stefan

Austrian ultimatum to Serbia

     
British and French knowledge of,
155

     
delay in presenting,
122–124

     
delivery of,
170–171
,
172–175

     
French and Russian response to,
169–170

     
Sazonov on,
157–158

     
Sazonov’s rejection of terms,
186–190

     
Serbian reply to,
197–200
,
232–233

     
timeline for,
137

Austro-Serbian conflict, outcome scenarios,
233–234

Balfour, Arthur,
328

Balkan League (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro),
25
,
44
,
84

Balkans (c. 1914), map of,
26

Balkan Wars (1912–1913),
25
,
47
,
384
,
388

Bark, Peter,
178
,
183
,
184–185

Barrère, Camille,
328

Battle of the Marne,
383

Bazili, Nikolai,
292

Beauchamp, William,
364
,
365

Belgium

     
British agreement to defend if German armies invaded,
73–74

     
British insistence on respect for neutrality of,
315
,
323–324
,
333
,
360
,
368
,
372

     
German invasion of,
352
,
371
,
373–374
,
377
,
383