Jefferson and Hamilton (88 page)

42
. TJ, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801,
PTJ
33:149–50.

43
. Quoted in Gar Alperovitz,
America Beyond Capitalism: Reclaiming Our Wealth, Our Liberty, and Our Democracy
(Hoboken, N.J., 2005), 11.

44
. Funeral Oration, [July 14, 1804],
PAH
26:325–29. Morris’s diary entries, including his acknowledgement of AH’s opposition to republican government, can be found in ibid., 26:324n.

45
. Malone,
TJ
, 6:498–99; Cogliano,
Thomas Jefferson
, 137.

Select Bibliography

The correspondence of Jefferson and Hamilton, as well as nearly all of Hamilton’s published essays, are available in modern collections in which specialized editors have provided useful introductory essays and clarifying footnotes. In addition, users are helped immensely by generally excellent indexing.

The modern edition of Jefferson’s papers has been dribbling out since 1950, and at the completion of this manuscript had reached nearly the midpoint of his presidency. One should see Julian P. Boyd et al., eds.,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
(Princeton, N.J., 1950–). Fortunately, in 2004 a second Jefferson papers project commenced that will span his seventeen-year retirement following his presidency. See J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds.,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series
(Charlottesville, Va., 2004–). At the completion of this manuscript, the retirement series had progressed through the first half dozen years after Jefferson returned for good to Monticello. Two older multivolume series include most of Jefferson’s correspondence after 1815. These are Paul Leicester Ford, ed.,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 1892–99); and A. A. Lipscomb and A. E. Bergh, eds.,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
(Washington, D.C., 1900–4).

Jefferson’s correspondence with John and Abigail Adams, which continued on and off for four decades, has been collected in two volumes. See Lester J. Cappon, ed.,
The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1961). Jefferson’s letters to and from his daughters and other family members can be found in E. M. Betts and J. A. Bear Jr., eds.,
The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson
(Columbia, Mo., 1966). The financial record books that Jefferson kept are available. See James A. Bear and Lucia Stanton, eds.,
Jefferson’s Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767–1826
(Princeton, N.J., 1997). A massive single-volume compilation of Jefferson’s letters and writings can be found in Saul K. Padover,
The Complete Jefferson: Containing His Major Writings, Published and Unpublished, Except His Letters
(Freeport, N.Y., 1969).

Single-volume editions of Jefferson’s most important letters and writings have been edited by Merrill D. Peterson. See
The Portable Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 1977) and
Thomas Jefferson, Writings
(New York, 1984).

The modern edition of Hamilton’s papers has long since been completed and spans twenty-seven volumes. See Harold C. Syrett and Jacob E. Cooke, eds.,
Papers of Alexander Hamilton
(New York, 1961–79). A fine one-volume collection of his most important writings is also available. See Joanne B. Freeman, ed.,
Alexander Hamilton, Writings
(New York, 2001).

Historian Noble Cunningham edited a documentary study that outlines the lives of the
two men, and America’s founding, around forty crucial documents. See Noble E. Cunningham Jr.,
Thomas Jefferson versus Alexander Hamilton: Confrontations That Shaped a Nation
(New York, 2000).

Biographies of Jefferson and Hamilton abound. The most comprehensive on the life of Jefferson is the six-volume, encyclopedic effort by Dumas Malone,
Jefferson and His Time
(Boston 1948–81). Alf J. Mapp Jr. authored a two-volume life history:
Thomas Jefferson: A Strange Case of Mistaken Identity
(Lanham, Md., 1987) covers the period through the election of 1800, while the subsequent years are detailed in
Thomas Jefferson: Passionate Pilgrim—The Presidency, the Founding of the University, and the Private Battle
(Lanham, Md., 1993). For longer single-volume treatments that emphasize his public side, see Merrill D. Peterson,
Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation
(New York, 1970); Noble Cunningham,
In Pursuit of Reason: The Life of Thomas Jefferson
(Baton Rouge, La., 1987); Willard Sterne Randall,
Thomas Jefferson: A Life
(New York, 1992); and Jon Meacham,
Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power
(New York, 2012). The modern biography that reshaped the discussion on Jefferson is Fawn M. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History
(New York, 1974). For a semi-biographical character study of Jefferson, see Joseph J. Ellis,
American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 1997).

For good short biographies see Page Smith,
Jefferson: A Revealing Biography
(New York, 1976); Norman K. Risjord,
Thomas Jefferson
(Lanham, Md., 2002); and Richard B. Bernstein,
Thomas Jefferson
(New York, 2003).

All other Hamilton biographies are overshadowed by Ron Chernow’s massive and resplendent single volume,
Alexander Hamilton
(New York, 2004). For an older, though useful, two-volume life history, see Broadus Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton
(New York, 1957, 1962). Several more brief biographies are available. See Richard Brookhiser,
Alexander Hamilton: American
(New York, 1999); Jacob E. Cooke,
Alexander Hamilton
(New York, 1982); Noemie Emery,
Alexander Hamilton: An Intimate Portrait
(New York, 1982); Robert A. Hendrickson,
Hamilton
(New York, 1976); Forrest McDonald,
Alexander Hamilton: A Biography
(New York, 1982); John C. Miller,
Alexander Hamilton: Portrait in Paradox
(New York, 1959); Willard Sterne Randall,
Alexander Hamilton: A Life
(New York, 2003); and Nathan Schachner,
Alexander Hamilton
(New York, 1957). Hamilton’s life through the American Revolution is told in detail in James Thomas Flexner,
The Young Hamilton: A Biography
(Boston, 1978).

Far more has been written on Jefferson than on Hamilton, perhaps because of his longer life and greater abundance of papers. In fact, so many books and essays have poured forth on Jefferson that a comprehensive list of those works published prior to 1992 fills two large volumes. See Frank Shuffelton, ed.,
Thomas Jefferson: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him
(New York, 1983) and Shuffelton,
Thomas Jefferson: An Annotated Bibliography
(New York, 1992). Unfortunately, no such bibliography of works on Hamilton has been compiled.

A few previous comparative studies are available. The earliest was written by a journalist and political activist and reads like a campaign advertisement for Jefferson. See Claude Bowers,
Jefferson and Hamilton: The Struggle for Democracy in America
(Boston, 1925). A more scholarly treatment is Roger G. Kennedy,
Burr, Hamilton, and Jefferson: A Study in Character
(New York, 2000), though this book begins with the Hamilton-Burr duel and focuses largely on Jefferson’s relationship with Burr after 1804. For a thoughtful and provocative analysis, see Darren Staloff,
Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson: The Politics of Enlightenment and the American Founding
(New York, 2005), a study that emphasizes how the Enlightenment guided and transformed these Founders.

Both Jefferson and Hamilton have been the subject of numerous works that probe specific aspects of their life, thought, ideas, and policies. Readers can find many cited in the notes for this book.

Abbreviations