Hitler's Bandit Hunters (70 page)

145
. Martin Dean,
Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Byelorussia and Ukraine, 1941–1944
(New York: St. Martin’s, 2000), 27.

146
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 28, September 12, 1941.

147
. BA R19/281, BdO Ostland - HA-Orpo, Betr. Gliederung der Schutzmannschafts-Btl. December 4, 1941.

148
. PRO, HW16/45, GPD492, December 9, 1941.

149
. Klemperer, LTI [Lingua, Tertii, Imperii]: Notizbuch eines Philologen, 254

150
. PRO, HW16/45, GPD 292, July 18, 1941.

151
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 29, September 13, 1941.

152
. Ibid.

153
. NCA, document 3257-PS, report to Chief of the Industrial Armament Department from the Armament Inspector Ukraine, December 2, 1941.

154
. Nicholas Terry, “Conflicting Signals: British Intelligence on the ‘Final Solution’ Through Radio Intercepts and Other Sources, 1941–1942,”
Yad Vashem Studies
(2004).

155
. PRO, HW16, MSGP 27, August 21, 1941.

156
. PRO, HW16, MSGP 29, October 22, 1941.

157
. PRO, HW16, MSGP 30, November 14, 1941.

158
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 27, August 21, 1941. A light-hearted moment in the British decipher, “Fashion note. 56th Police Battalion, fitting its men out, sends for 396 steel helmets, 376 pairs of hand-cuffs, and 415 bathing-drawers.”

159
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 27 August 21, 1941.

160
. Ibid.

161
. TVDB, 4–6.

162
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 29, October 1941.

163
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 27, August 22, 1941.

164
. PRO HW 16/32, August 18, 1941, GPD 326 No.2 Traffic, to HSSPF Posen. SS-Hauptsturmführer Herbert Lange was been in charge of the euthanasia gas vans. Refer to Noakes & Pridham, III, 1138–9; and Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann,
The Racial State: Germany 1933–45
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 102.

165
. Staatsanwaltschaft des Landgericht Braunschweig, “Schwurgerichtsanklage gegen Angehörige des SS-Kav. Regt. 2 (Erschiessung von Juden im Gebiet der Pinsker-Sümpfe August 1941” (Braunschweig, 1963). The case has also been referred to in Ruth Bettina Birn, “Two Kinds of Reality,” in Bernd Wegner (ed.),
From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia and the World, 1939–1941
(London: Berghahn Books, 1997), 277–92. See also Karla Müller-Tupath,
Reichsführers gehorsamster Becher: Eine deutsche Karriere
(Berlin: Aufbau, 1999), 27–56. The swamp was not deep enough to cause drowning so the SS troopers returned to shootings.

166
. TVDB, 4; and
Unsere Ehre Heist Treue
, 30–2.

167
. Soviet Embassy (London),
Soviet Government Statements on Nazi Atrocities
, (London: Hutchinson, 1946), 46. The account also mentioned the 6,504 persons shot by the brigade under the regimental order of July 27, 1941. A further order 37 by Himmler demanded daily reports of the numbers shot. Copies of the reports discovered in the Toropets area, in January 1942, left behind by the SS Cavalry Brigade when it fled from the Soviet advance.

168
. Ibid.

169
. NARA, T501, roll 1, Der Befehlshaber des rückw. Heeres-Gebietes Mitte, Korpstagesbefehl Nr. 28, September 16, 1941.

170
. PRO, HW16, MSGP 29, October 22, 1941.

171
. BA-MA, RW41 and NARA, RG242, roll T501, Korpesbefehl Nr. 53, Erfahrungsaustausch (Kampf gegen Partisanen), September 16, 1941.

172
. TVDB, 4–6.

173
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 27, August 21, 1941.

174
. Ibid.

175
. TVDB, 6.

176
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 28, September 12, 1941.

177
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter from commander 252nd Infantry Division, August 19, 1941.

178
. TVDB, 24.

179
. TVDB, 30 and PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 32, February 14, 1942.

180
. TVDB, 31 and PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 32, February 14, 1942. The virtual replication of Bach-Zelewski’s diary with the British cipher confirms the strength of evidence.

181
. Ibid, 26.

182
. Ibid, 27, commenting, “He [Hitler] spent his New Year’s Eve in his winter garden until 4 a.m.

183
. Ibid, 28.

184
. Ibid, 30.

185
. Hermann Geyer,
Ostfeldzug. XI Armeekorps
(Neckargemünd: Kurt Vowinckel, 1967).

1
. NCA, document C-148, Communist Insurrection in occupied territories, September 16, 1941. NARA, T1270, GB War office negatives, “Hitler’s Speeches,” MI14/52, Kommunistische Aufstandsbewegung in den besetzten Gebieten.

2
. PRO,
SOE: Operations in Eastern Europe, Guide Booklet
(n.d.).

3
. M. Conway, “The Rexist movement in Belgium 1940–1944,” (Phil. Diss, University of Oxford, 1989).

4
. Derek Wood and Derek Dempster,
The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the Rise of Air Power, 1930–1940
(London: Hutchinson, 1961), 226–315.

5
. Hugh R. Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945
(New York: Doubleday, 1966), 101–4.

6
. Ibid, 122–5; and Rudolf Absolon,
Die Wehrmacht im Dritten Reich, Band V
(Boppard am Rhein: Harald Boldt, 1969–95), 410.

7
. Williamson Murray, “The Collapse of Empire: British Strategy, 1919–1945,” in Williamson Murray, MacGregor Knox, and Alvin Bernstein,
The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States and War
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 399–425.

8
. Patrick Howarth,
Intelligence Chief Extraordinary: The Life of the Ninth Duke of Portland
(London: Bodley Head, 1986), 108–10. The intelligence reports were sent to Lieutenant Colonel Holland of the guerrilla warfare section in the War Office. Eventually the British conducted covert operations, smuggling arms and finance into Abyssinia.

9
. F. H. Hinsley,
British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations
, vol. I (London: Europa, 1980).

10
. M. R. D. Foot,
Resistance: European Resistance to Nazism, 1940–45
(London: Methuen, 1976); John Shy and Thomas W. Collier, “Revolutionary War,” in Paret (ed.),
Makers of Modern Strategy
, 832. Shy and Collier referred to the presence of George C. Lloyd (British colonial secretary) and J. C. F. Holland at the founding of the SOE. They were friends of T. E. Lawrence. Holland served with Lawrence in Arabia and took part in covert operations during the Abyssinia crisis. Also refer to W. E. D. Allen,
Guerrilla War in Abyssinia
(Harmondsworth Middlesex: Penguin, 1943).

11
. Stephen Badsey, “Commandos,” in Richard Holmes (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to Military History
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 213–4.

12
. PRO, HS 4/36, Reports on the internal situation and Nazi atrocities, 1939–43.

13
. PRO, FO371/30897, Conditions in Germany 1942, case 70, Dr. Benes and the collapse of the German army in December 1941.

14
. David Mountfield,
The Partisans
(London: Hamlyn, 1979), 29.

15
. PRO, HS 4/50, Operation Bivouac, 1942.

16
. DKHH, 415.

17
. Ibid, 429 and 433.

18
. PRO, SOE files are HS 4/18, 19, 22, 24, and 39, Operation Anthropoid.

19
. DKHH, 437–84.

20
. “Ein Vergeltungsschlag von besonderer Wildheit,”
Berliner Morgenpost
, June 2, 1942.

21
. Peter Hoffmann,
Hitler’s Personal Security: Protecting the Führer, 1921–1945
(New York: De Capo, 2000).

22
.
Table Talk
, 512; and Hoffmann,
Hitler’s Personal Security
, 64.

23
. NARA, RG242, T580/222/09995, Reinhard Heydrich’s funeral oration by Kurt Daluege, June 7, 1942.

24
. John Bradley,
Lidice: Sacrificial Village
(New York: Ballentine, 1972); Richard Livingstone, “A Final Lesson: The Destruction of Lidice,”
Purnell’s History of the Second World War
, 3, 1024–9; and Günter Deschner,
Reinhard Heydrich. Statthalter der totalen Macht
(Munich: Heyne, 1980).

25
. JNSV, case 644, case against members of Polizei Kampfgruppe Dietrich des HSSPF Russland Mitte.

26
. Rab Bennett,
Under the Shadow of the Swastika: The Moral Dilemmas of Resistance and Collaboration in Hitler’s Europe
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999), 238–68.

27
. TVDB, 29.

28
. PRO HW 16/46, signal from Bach-Zelewski to the chief SS medical officer, January 29, 1942.

29
. Machlejd,
War Crimes in Poland
, 22.

30
. TVDB, 34.

31
. NARA, RG242, T175/125/2649909–18, letter from Dr. Grawitz to Himmler, March 4, 1942.

32
. Richard Breitman,
The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution
(Hanover, N.H.: University of New England Press, 1991). Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
, 334.

33
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter from chief SS medical officer to Himmler, March 9, 1942. The symptoms associated with nervous condition included inferiority complex (
Minderwertigkeit-svorstellungen
), a high level of sensitivity to pain (
Schmerzempfindlichkeit
), an inability to look after oneself (
Sichgehenlassen
), and the inability to concentrate (
mangelnde Willenskonzentration
).

34
. NARA, RG242, T175/125/2649909–18, Himmler to Grawitz, referred in the Nuremberg process, NCA document P-632.

35
. NARA, RG242, T175/125/2649909–18, Himmler to Grawitz, referred in the Nuremberg process.

36
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter, March 31, 1942, from Bach-Zelewski to Heinrich Himmler.

37
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski letter, April 6, 1942.

38
. TVDB, 35.

39
. Ibid, 38.

40
. NARA, RG242, T501/15/302–313, Befehlshaber des rückwärtigen Heeresgebietes Mitte Ia, Vorschläge zur Vernichtung der Partisanen im rückw. Heeresgebiet und in dem rückw. Armeegebieten, 1.3.42, Schenckendorff.

41
. Theo Schulte, “The German Army and National Socialist Occupation Policies in the Occupied Areas of the Soviet Union 1941–43” (Ph.D. diss, University of Warwick, 1987), 74, BA-MA, RH 22/230, DRZW-4, 1224–5.

42
. Hannes Heer, “The Logic of the War of Extermination,” in Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann,
War of Extermination: The German Military in World War II 1941–1945
(New York: Berghahn, 2000), 106–9.

43
. Ibid., 112–3.

44
. Ibid., 110–4.

45
. NARA, RG242, T175/81/2601626–30, Partisanenbekämpfung report from SSPF Weissruthenien SS-Brigadeführer Carl Zenner to HSSPF Ostland Friedrich Jeckeln, June 13, 1942 (hereafter referred to as the Zenner report).

46
. NARA, RG242, T175/81/2601626–30, the report also listed the killing of two members of the collaboration police (
Ordnungsdienst
) and five wounded.

47
. Ibid. The total number of battalions was based on the existing and expected new battalions and support units.

48
. PRO, HW16/6, MSGP 37, August 11, 1942. Zenner was quite astute and aware of his declining popularity; in April, he sent Hitler a birthday greeting and received a kindly response. He was still working with Jeckeln and Jedicke in June and July 1942; and Roger James Bender and Hugh Page Taylor,
Uniforms, Organization and History of the Waffen-SS
(San Jose, Calif.: Bender, 1971), 10. Zenner was eventually transferred to BII in the SS-Main Office (requisitioning supplies).