Hitler's Bandit Hunters (72 page)

31
. PRO, CAB 176–2, Joint Intelligence Committee papers, Telegraphic report, November 18, 1943, Annex—Situation in the Balkans Mid-September to End of 1943 Note on Strategic Importance of Istria-Slovenia area.

32
. Herbert,
Foreign Workers
, 273–82.

33
. IWM, USMT-7, Bach-Zelewski suggested the first conference between General Schenckendorff and Wagner had taken place in 1942, when the Wehrmacht recommended he become the commander of antipartisan forces.

34
. TVDB, 69–70.

35
. BZ-IMT, 25 October 1945 and USMT-7, 8930.

36
. TVDB, 73.

37
. Koehl,
The Black Korps
, 236.

38
. NARA, RG242, T175/128/2654007, SS-Befehl, 21 June 1943. BA BL, NS19/ 1706, SS-Befehl vom 21 June 1943 zur Bandenbekämpfung, insbes. Zuständigkeit des Reichsführers-SS und Umwandlung der Dienststelle des “Bevollmächtigten für die Bandenbekämpfung” in “Der Reichsführer-SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei,

Der Chef der Bandenkampfverbände” sowie Ernennung von SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach zum Chef der Bandenkampfverbände Der Chef der Bandenkampfverbände” sowie Ernennung von SS-Obergruppenführer von dem Bach zum Chef der Bandenkampfverbände. Hereafter referred to as the June 1943 order.

39
. TVDB, 77. The meeting was held at the KSRFSS on June 19, 1943.

40
. Erich Kordt,
Wahn und Wirklichkeit
(Stuttgart: Union Deutsche Verlagsges, 1948), 307.

41
. War Department Technical Manual TM-E 30-451,
Handbook on German Military Forces
(Washington, 1945), section VIII-6.

42
. F. H. Hinsley (ed.),
British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations
(London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1981), vol. 2, app 5, “The German Police Ciphers,” 670.

43
. Wolf Keilig,
Das Deutsche Heer 1939–1945: Gliederung, Einsatz, Stellenbesetzung
, (Bad Nauheim, Hans-Henning Podzun, 1956), sections 140–9.

44
. Absolon,
Die Wehrmacht, VI
.

45
. Georg Tessin und Norbert Kannapin,
Waffen-SS und Ordnungspolizei im Kriegseinsatz 1939–1945
, (Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 2000), 527–666.

46
. The June 1943 Order.

47
. IWM, IMT-7, 8917.

48
. NARA, RG242, T175/128/2654007, SS-Befehl, 21 June 1943.

49
. “Arminius” was the young Germanic tribesman who led an army to victory over the Roman army commanded by Varus at the Battle of the Teutoburger Wald in the 9 AD.

50
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski.

51
. NARA, RG242, T175/128/2654007, SS-Befehl, 7 September 1943, hereafter referred to as the September order.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Ibid.

54
. Koehl,
Black Corps
, 157.

55
. PRO, HW16/1, MSGP 42, February 7, 1943.

56
. TVDB, 65.

57
. Wheeler, “The SS and the Administration of Nazi Occupied Eastern Europe.”

58
. PRO, WO311–359, Statements of German Generals in Italy. Wolff stated, “Hitler nor Himmler ever gave me an order, or intimated to me that the struggle against the partisans was to be used as reason or pretext for the extermination or decimation of the Italian population. They only requested in general and as a deterrent the taking of energetic measures in cases of sabotage and acts of terrorism.”

59
. NARA, BDC, A3343-SS0-010c, Karl Wolff. His full title was Höchste SS-und Polizeiführer Italien, orders dated 23 September 1943.

60
. Gitta Sereny,
Into That Darkness: From Mercy Killing to Mass Murder
(London: Pimlico, 1995). Thus the leading mass killers of the SS found themselves working one last time together in the Balkans and Italy.

61
. USMT-11, 6713.

62
. TVDB, 65.

63
. Ruth Bettina Birn, “Austrian Higher SS and Police Leaders and Their Participation in the Holocaust in the Balkans,”
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
6, 351–72, 1991; Peter R. Black,
Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Ideological Soldier of the Third Reich
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), 178.

64
. NARA, RG242, T175/78/2596827-892, correspondence from Himmler regarding Daluege and his wife’s illness. NARA, RG 319 IRR case file K. Daluege.

65
. Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, 224.

66
. Albert Speer,
The Slave State
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981), 9.

67
. NCA, document 1919-PS.

68
. Jürgen Huck, “Ausweichstellen und Aktenschicksal des Hauptamtes Ordnungspolizei im 2. Weltkrieg,” in Hans-Joachim Neufeldt, Jürgen Huck, Georg Tessin,
Zur Geschichte der Ordnungspolizei 1936–1945
, (Koblenz, 1957), 119–27.

69
. TVDB, 62-90.

70
. NCA, document 1919-PS; Himmler’s Posen Speech, October 1943.

71
. Klemperer,
The Language of the Third Reich
.

72
. Gerhard Hirschfeld,
Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands under German Occupation, 1940–1945
(Oxford: Berg, 1988), 17, 211, 221–22.

73
. Goebbels,
Diary
, 194–318.

74
. PRO, FO 371/30899, case 4948, Embassy Berne to Foreign Office, May 13, 1942.

75
. Joseph Mackiewicz, Murder of Katyn, (London, Hollis& Carter, 1951), 158–9.

76
. NCA, document 1918-PS, Kharkov, April 1943.

77
. Thierfelder,
Die Verwaltung der besetzten französischen Gebiete
.

78
. Lieber General Order, section I, points 1.

79
. Ibid, section I, points 12.

80
. Ibid, section IV, partisans, armed enemies” point 81.

81
. Lieber,
Guerrilla Parties
, 22.

82
. Oberkommando d. Wehrmacht, Bandenbekämpfung: Merkblatt 69/2, Berlin, 6. May 1944, hereafter referred to as the 1944 regulations.

83
. BA MA, RL 21/243, office of Oberst Kollee, from the 1 January 1944, folder 20, Ic-situation report (FeldLuftGauKommando XXV Gruppe Ic), January 9–15, 1944.

84
. The 1944 regulations.

85
. BA MA, RW41, Generalkommando Rothkirch, Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber Weissruthenien, various reports, December 1943 to June 1944.

86
. NCA, document L-70, Himmler at Bad Schachen, October 14, 1943, also referred to in Bramstedt,
Dictatorship and Political Police
, 243.

87
. NCA, document L-70, Himmler at Bad Schachen, October 14, 1943.

88
. Lieber, General Order No. 100, section I, points 23.

89
. The 1944 Regulations, part four, section E, paragraphs 157–62.

90
. PRO, WO208-4294, Lt. Col. Scotland’s papers, Plan Kugel.

91
. Lieber, section I, points 15, 16.

92
. IWM, prisoners of war exhibition, 2004. Document referred to as the “German announcement against escapes.”

1
. Christopher Bellamy,
The Evolution of Land Warfare
(London: Routledge, 1989).

2
. NARA, BDC, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter from Himmler, July 30, 1943.

3
. The 1944 regulations.

4
. NARA, IMT, October 25, 1945 and BZ-IMT-7, 8917.

5
. BZ-IMT, October and November 1945 interrogations.

6
. Martin Van Creveld,
Command in War
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), 262.

7
. U.S. War Department, Military Intelligence Division,
German Military Intelligence 1939–1945
(Washington, D.C.: University Publications of America, 1984).

8
. BA-MA, RH27-1 /98, 1st Panzer Division, general orders August 18–September 10, OKH Nr. 11058/42 Zusammenstellung von Jagdkommandos zur Bandenbekämpfung (August 13, 1942).

9
. Geoffrey P. Megargee,
Inside Hitler’s High Command
(Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2000), 175.

10
. Reinhard Gehlen,
Der Dienst, Erinnerungen, 1942–1971
(Munich: Droemer, 1971).

11
. NARA, RG242, OKW papers, T78, roll 556, Vortragsnotiz: Abrücken jüdischkommunistischer Bandengruppen von Galizien nach Ungarn, March 16, 1944.

12
. U.S. War Department,
German Military Intelligence
, 13–25.

13
. Ibid, 86–8.

14
. Ibid, appendix 7.

15
. NARA, T1270, roll 23, “The Character of the German General Staff 1925 to 1945,” December 28, 1945.

16
. Ibid, report on the German General Staff by Bogislaw von Bonin, December 28, 1945.

17
. IWM, USMT-7.

18
. NARA, RG242, T175/135/2662194-390, Rundschreiben, Spionage, Sabotage und Politische Zersetzung, August 8, 1942.

19
. BZ-IMT, March 25, 1946.

20
. NCA document 3428-PS, letter from Kube to Lohse, Combating of Partisans and action against Jews in the District General of White Ruthenia, July 31, 1942.

21
. TVDB, 67.

22
. USMT-4, 39–40.

23
. NCA, documents, PS-1786, War diary of the deputy chief of armed forces operations staff, March 14, 1943.

24
. PRO, WO208-4295, Report on German atrocities in Eastern Europe, M.I.9, July 6, 1944.

25
. BZ-USMT, October 26, 1945.

26
. NARA, IMT, October 25, 1945.

27
. NARA, RG242, T175/222/2759241-272, Kriegstagebuch der Abteilung Ia/Mess.

28
. BA MA RW 41/59a/75/58/60 Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber Ukraine, document 191.

29
. BA MA, RW 41//59a/75/58/60 Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber Ukraine, documents 41 and 42.

30
. IWM, German Army Box 3, file number 35849.

31
. Heinz Krampf, FMS, D-257, Protection of the Railroad Lines Brest Litovsk–Gomel and Brest Litovsk–Kovel (1943), (n.d.).

32
. Lawrence Keppie,
The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire
(London: BT Batsford, 1984), 190. See also Graham Webster,
The Roman Imperial Army of the First and Second Centuries AD
(London: Grosvenor, 1969); Roy W. Davies,
Service in the Roman Army
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1989); and J. B. Campbell,
The Emperor and the Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 235
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984).

33
. Tessin et al.,
Waffen-SS und Ordnungspolizei
, 581.

34
. Ibid., 592–3.

35
. Refer to Gerlach,
Kalkulierte Morde
, for more detailed examination.

36
. BA R19/281, Hans-Adolf Prützmann HSSPF-Russland-Süd. Betr. Führung in de Bandenbekämpfung - Tgb. 8/43(g) Geheimen, January 25, 1943.

37
. IWM, Karl Wolff, interrogation Nr. 4573, January 28, 1948.

38
. PRO, HW 16/98, History of the German Police W/T Network, July 1945, 1–2. HW16/93, Police Radio Network, July 18, 1942; HW 16/95, Notes on German Police W/T organization.

39
. NARA, RG238, T1270, roll 31, consolidated interrogations of police operations by U.S. 12th Army, June 4, 1945.

40
. NARA, BDC, A3345-B-170, Die Nachrichtenmittel der Ordnungspolizei, 1940; and, NARA, RG242, T175, roll 16, KSRFSS, Standorte und Nachrichtenverbindung, May 22, 1942.