Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory (54 page)

6: Double Portraits

1
For an interesting account of Schurmann’s artistic activities see E.A. Honig, ‘The art of being “artistic”: Dutch women’s creative practices in the 17th century’,
Woman’s Art Journal
22 (2001–02), 31–9.

2
See below.

3
5 August 1642. Worp, letter 3092.

4
For details of Susanna’s background see J.S. Held, ‘Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait’,
Art Bulletin
73 (1991), 653–68; 659–60.

5
Cit. ibid., p.661.

6
C.D. Andriesse, trans. S. Miedema,
Huygens: The Man behind the Principle
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.51. See also E. Keesing, ‘Wanneer was wie de heer van Zeelhem?’,
De zeventiende eeuw
9 (1993), 63–5.

7
Davidson and van der Weel,
A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens
, p.101.

8
Ibid., p.109.

9
For a poetic analysis of their relationship, as evidenced by Huygens’s ‘Daghwerck’, see R.L. Colie,
‘Some Thankfulnesse to Constantine,’ A Study of English Influence upon the Early Works of Constantijn Huygens
(The Hague: Nijhoff, 1956).

10
See L. Roth (ed.),
Correspondence of Descartes and Constantyn Huygens 1635–1647
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926), pp.37–8.

11
Ibid., 29 March 1637, p.43.

12
J.S. Held, ‘Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle: a hitherto unknown portrait’,
Art Bulletin
73 (1991), 653–68.

13
The American-born Dutch art historian Gary Schwartz spearheaded the campaign to return the painting to the Dutch. See Schwartz’s account of the discovery, in Loekie Schwartz’s Dutch translation, in
Het Financieele Dagblad
, Amsterdam, 15 January 2005.

14
Held, ‘Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle’, p.658, footnote 20.

15
Ibid., p.664 (my translation).

16
Ibid.

17
See above,
Chapter 3
.

18
Held, ‘Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle’, p.665.

19
On the three poems see F. Noske, ‘Two unpaired hands holding a music sheet: A recently discovered portrait of Constantijn Huygens and Susanna van Baerle’,
Tijdschrift van de Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis
42 (1992), 131–40.

20
See ibid.

21
Ibid., p.138.

22
On Huygens and the theorbo see R. Spencer, ‘Chitarrone, theorbo and archlute’,
Early Music
4 (1976), 407–23; 413. See also L. Sayce, ‘Continuo lutes in 17th- and 18th-century England’,
Early Music
23 (1995), 666–84.

23
For Marnix’s influence on William see L. Jardine,
The Awful End of William the Silent
.

24
6 June 1652. Worp, letter 5230.

25
See Huygens to Mevr. Morgan. Worp, letter 3239.

26
J.A. Worp (ed.),
De gedichten van Constantijn Huygens, naar zijn handschrift uitgegeven
, 9 vols (Groningen, 1892–99), Vol. 4, pp.53–4: the poem was later retitled ‘Een minnaer aen een weduwe op een mugge-net hem bij haer vereert’.

27
D. de Wilhem to Huygens, The Hague, 1 August 1646. Worp, letter 4417.

28
Huygens to Mevr. A. Morgan. D. de Wilhem to Huygens, The Hague, 1 August 1646. Worp, letter 4417.

28 Huygens to Mevr. A. Morgan, Worp, letter 4438.

29
See Edward M. Furgol, ‘Morgan, Sir Charles (1575/6–1643)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls. lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/19217, accessed 7 April 2007].

30
To Lady Strickland, 2 October 1654. Worp, letter 5370.

31
Huygens to Amalia van Solms, 3 August 1654. Worp, letter 5363.

32
6 June 1652. Worp, letter 5230.

33
See P. Geyl, ‘Frederick Henry of Orange and King Charles I’,
English Historical Review
38 (1923), 355–83; 364.

34
Utricia Ogle (1616–74) was the daughter of Sir John Ogle and Elizabeth de Vries. She married captain Sir William Swann in 1645.

35
See J.A. Worp, ‘Nog eens Utricia Ogle en de muzikale correspondentie van Huygens’,
Tijdschrift der Vereeniging voor Noord-Nederlands Muziekgeschiedenis
5 (1896), 129–36.

36
24 January 1647. Worp, letter 4527.

37
On Lanier’s career in the household of Charles I see J. Brotton,
The Sale of the Late King’s Goods
(London: Macmillan, 2006).

38
20 January 1654. Worp, letter 5324.

39
‘Hofwijk’, lines 413–18. P. Davidson and A. van der Weel (eds and trans.),
A Selection of the Poems of Sir Constantijn Huygens (1596–1687)
(Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996), p.143.

40
See J.A. Worp, ‘Nog eens Utricia Ogle en de muzikale correspondentie van Huygens’,
Tijdschrift der Vereeniging voor Noord-Nederlands Muziekgeschiedenis
5 (1896), 129–36.

41
J.P. Vander Motten,
Sir William Killigrew (1606–1695): His Life and Dramatic Works
(Gent: Universa, 1980), pp.22–7. F. Blom (ed.),
Constantijn Huygens: Mijn Leven verteld aan mijn Kinderen
, 2 vols (Amsterdam: Prometheus/Bert Bakker, 2003), 1: pp.124–6; 2: pp.216–18.

42
Blom,
Constantijn Huygens: Mijn Leven
1, p.124. I can find no evidence, aside from Contantijn Huygens’s letters to her, for how Lady Killigrew came to know Dutch. But see Elizabeth of Bohemia’s letter confirming that English noblewomen were learning Dutch at this time (Nadine Akkerman, personal communication).

43
Elizabeth of Bohemia to Sir Thomas Roe, The Hague, 24/14 June 1639. I am grateful to Nadine Akkerman for this reference.

44
1630. Worp, letter 566.

45
20/30 April 1671. Worp, letter 6794.

46
18 March 1646. Worp, letter 4295.

47
Lanier to Huygens, 3 April 1646. Worp, letter 4304.

48
The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle
by Thomas Birch, MA and FRS, London: Printed for A. Millar, over-against Catharine-Street in the Strand MDCCXLIV. (This later appears as the first part of Vol. I of the
Wo r k s
.) For Francis’s marriage, see p.34.

49
Lords Journal: ‘Boyle et al – pass to go to Holland, 22. Car. 1 viii 468 a. “Ordered, That Mr. Boyle and his Wife shall have a pass to go in to Holland; carrying with them Servants, and such Necessaries as are fit for his Journey.”’

50
See Birch,
Life of Boyle
. Birch adds the footnote: ‘Mr. Boyle’s letter to Mr. Marcombes, dated from London, Febr. 22, 1647–8, in which he mentions his intentions of setting out for Holland the next day.’

51
Charlotte’s birth date is generally given as ‘around 1650’, since the actual birth took place discreetly, and her status as a royal bastard was not made public till many years later.

52
J.P. Vander Motten, ‘Thomas Killigrew’s “lost years”, 1655–1660’,
Neophilologus
82 (1998), 311–34.

53
See above for the marital disgrace of Thomas’s sister, Francis Boyle’s wife.

54
J.P. Vander Motten, ‘Killigrew, Thomas (1612–1683)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004 [www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls. lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/15538, accessed 8 April 2007].

55
Endymion Porter, who we are told actually found the house for the Cavendishes, was an agent involved in numerous art purchases made in the Low Countries on behalf of noble English clients. He was certainly well known to Huygens, and had served in the same capacity in purchases for the Dutch Stadholder. Huygens mentions Margaret Cavendish in a letter to Utricia Swann in 1653, when he has not yet met her in person.

56
4/14 October, 1655. Worp,
De briefwisseling van Constantijn Huygens (1608–1687)
, 5, 244–5, letter 5432.

7: Consorts of Viols, Theorbos and Anglo–Dutch Voices

1
B. van Beneden, ‘Introduction’, in B. van Beneden and Nora de Poorter (eds),
Royalist Refugees: William and Margaret Cavendish in the Rubens House 1648–1660
(Antwerp: Rubenshuis & Rubenianum, 2006), p.10.

2
I. van Damme, ‘A city in transition: Antwerp after 1648’, in ibid., pp.55–62; 58.

3
See P. Major, ‘A Church in exile: Anglican survival and resistance in Antwerp, 1650–53’ (in press).