God's Chinese Son (57 page)

26.
 
Murray and Qin,
Tiandihui,
183-84; Ter Haar, "Messianism," 169.

27.
 
Murray and Qin,
Tiandihui,
45, 185.

28.
 
Ibid, 44, 48.

29.
 
Ibid, 30, 290, and other references as listed ibid, index, 344.

30.
 
Ter Haar, "Messianism," 159, 165, 169.

31.
 
Ibid, 156; Murray and Qin,
Tiandihui,
75, 189, 192.

32.
 
Murray and Qin,
Tiandihui,
69-76; Laai, "Pirates," 13-14, 31-32, 179.

33.
       
Scott,
Destruction,
248; Laai, "Pirates," 15; Scott,
Destruction,
219, 233, testimony of the Chinese interpreter Tom Achik.

34.
 
Laai, "Pirates," 31-32, 36, 112, 173.

35.
 
Ibid, 185-87.

36.
 
Ibid, 92-93; 95 n. 18, for the phrase
Chou ke fensheng.

37.
 
Ibid, 96, 101-2.

38.
 
Ibid, 150, 176.

39.
       
Curwen,
Deposition,
88, with minor changes. The sense of the passage seems much clearer if we drop, as 1 do here, the extra phrase "if they were God-worshipers."

40.
  
P. Clarke, "Coming," 148-49; Schlyter,
Gutzlaff als Missionar,
chap. 5.

41.
  
P. Clarke, "Coming," 153, correcting the misprint of "effectuatelly."

42.
       
Ibid., 152, 154, 158, 166 n. 55, 176 n. 80, 161, 163-64. However, Clarke's attempt to include Feng Yunshan among the Hong Kong converts to the Chinese Union (the Han- hui) is firmly rebutted by Mao, "Guanyu Guo Shili," 269, 271. For more details on the Chinese Union see Schlyter,
Gutzlaff als Missionar,
chap. 6, and 266-99.

43.
  
P. Clarke, "Coming," 149, 179-80.

44.
       
Variants of these formats can be seen in the New York Public Library, the British Library, and the Library of Congress. The base of Gutzlaff s European support is studied in Schlyter,
Heimatbasis,
chap. 4, for the growth period of the 1840s.

45.
       
Romans 1:14-15. Twenty-six numbered Chinese Union tracts are listed with titles and summaries in Robert Douglas' 1877
Catalogue of the British Museum,
3-5, 37. The serial numbers cited there range from Tract 10, the lowest, to Tract 52. In the same chapter, Paul gives his own list of prohibitions that far exceeds in comprehensiveness either the six prohibitions of Hong Xiuquan or the Ten Commandments handed to Moses by God at Sinai. Though, like Hong's, Paul's list (Romans 1:26-31) includes murder, lust, and disobedience to parents, it adds almost twenty further sins, including envy, whispering and backbiting, pride and malignity, and the practice of male homosexuality.

46.
  
TR,
35-36; Legge,
Li-Ki.

47.
       
TR,
36, Wilhelm/Baynes,
I Ching,
56-57, hexagram
tongren\ Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
10.

48.
  
TR,
34, modified following
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
8.

49.
  
TR,
36, slightly modified following
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
10.

50.
 
TR,
38.

51.
 
TR,
38-39, 44. On the Yuliji see
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
12.

52.
 
See
TR,
39, 41, 46-47.

53.
 
See detailed accounts in Coughlin, "Strangers," and Pruden, "Roberts."

54.
       
A full description of such a baptism is given by Roberts in two letters to Gutzlaff of July 21 and July 29, 1844. See "Chun's Doings in Canton," #19 (July 21, 1844) 3, plate 1927, fiche 17; and #20 (July 29, 1844) 1 and 2, plates 1917 and 1918, fiche 17. My thanks to Laura McDaniel for furnishing me transcripts of "Chun's Doings."

55.
       
P. Clarke, "Coming," 171, on the assistant Zhou Daoxing and Gutzlaffs union con­nection;
TR,
70; Hamberg,
Visions,
31.

56.
 
Hamberg,
Visions,
32; Coughlin, "Strangers," 256-61.

57.
 
Hamberg,
Visions,
32;
TR,
70-71;
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
28.

58.
 
Canton Register,
Sept. 1, 1835. See also
Shilu, Daoguang,
269/3b.

59.
 
Laai, "Pirates," 36, 66-67.

60.
 
Ibid., 113, 144.

61.
       
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
28b;
TR,
71. For earlier esoteric use of cryptic utterances and finger codes see Zurcher, "Prince Moonlight," 37.

62.
  
Hamberg,
Visions,
33.

63.
        
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
30b;
TR,
72. The characters
jiusui,
translated as "accord­ing to the old calendar" in
TR,
72, must surely in fact mean "the previous year"; other­wise the chronology makes no sense. Guo Tingyi,
Shishi,
47, amends the text in this sense.

64.
        
TR,
72, modified;
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
30b—31; compare the use of "Wu" in the opening line of the poem ibid., 20b.

65.
  
Dates in
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
30b, 31;
TR,
72; Hamberg,
Visions,
34.

Chapter 8: Judgments

1.
       
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
31, for "their writings are distributed"
(xieshu songren),
even though the nature of these
shu,
or "writings," is not specified; the translation in
TR,
72, "wrote letters to be sent to people," seems somewhat too limited. See also Wang,
Tianfu,
159, 191, and Bohr, "Eschatology," 136-76, for their work at this time.

2.
       
Liang,
Quanshi,
359 (7/17);
TR,
41, modified;
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
14. Hong here combines Exodus 20:4-5 and 31:18.

3.
       
Psalms 115:1-8;
TR,
43; and
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
16. Hong uses this fuller passage of Psalms 115:1-8, rather than the briefer list in Psalms 135:16-17.

4.
 
TR,
45, retranslated from
Taiping zhaoshu,
in
Yinshu,
17b.

5.
       
TR,
57, modified after
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
10, and abbreviating repetitions of God's full name.

6.
  
TR,
61;
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
15b.

7.
 
TR,
62, modified;
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
16.

8.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
27, 31b;
TR,
69-70, 73; Guo Yisheng,
Ditu,
21.

9.
       
Hamberg,
Visions,
36;
TR,
73; Weller,
Resistance,
57-58, on shrine numbers and repu­tation.

10.
       
Hamberg,
Visions,
36;
TR,
73; I interpret
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
31 b—32, as showing it was the worshipers, not "temple guardians," who took these preventive measures.

11.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
32;
TR,
73.

12.
       
TR, 7i-76-, Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
32—35b; Hamberg,
Visions,
37; Hong Rengan variants in
TR,
1518-19; Weller,
Resistance,
62-63.

13.
 
Jen,
Quanshi,
1:120-23; Jen,
Revolutionary Movement,
38-39; Li,
Zhongxing bieji,
1:6.

14.
 
Li,
Zhongxing bieji,
1:6a; Xia,
Zongjiao,
33.

15.
 
Li,
Zhongxing bieji.