God's Chinese Son (54 page)

5.
 
Ibid., 1:32;
Canton Register,
Feb. 16, 1836.

6.
 
Huaxian zhi,
1:32b.

7.
 
Ibid., 1:32b—33, 35.

8.
       
Ibid., 1:32, 33b, 34;
Canton Register,
Oct. 13, 1835; for contemporary Hakka following of such practices, see Gao,
Kejia,
chap. 6 and passim.

9.
       
Kaltenmark, "Ideology," 39; Wilhelm,
I Ching
(book of changes), first hexagram; Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
399-400.

10.
 
De Groot,
Religious System,
6:953-55.

11.
 
Ibid., 963.

12.
 
Hou, "Baleful Stars," 209-19.

13.
 
De Groot,
Religious System,
6:957.

14.
 
Ibid., 967-68.

15.
       
Yuli zhibaochao,
39-40; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-li," 233-44. On possible links between this text and Taiping doctrine, see Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
50-51.

16.
       
The British Library 1839 copy of the
Jade Record, Yulichao chuan jingshi
(Blackfriars Road, cat. no. 15103.C35), has a supplement listing the sums contributed and the copies distributed by the faithful.

17.
       
Yuli zhibaochao,
33b—34, for illustration; 38b for Tiandi's transmission; 55 for monks' reception; 68 for Li Zongmin's historical reconstruction.

18.
       
Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
119; Rong, "Yan Luo he Yuli," for the range of editions, and the provocative suggestion that the texts in fact
support
aspects of Confucian statism.

19.
 
Yuli zhibaochao,
43-44; Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
363-67; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-li," 324-

27.

20.
 
Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
367;
Yuli zhibaochao,
44.

21.
       
The term for Jade Emperor the Highest God was Yuhuang datiandi. See Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
34-35, 49-50; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-Li," 238-39; Shuck, "Sketch of Yuh- wang Shangte."

22.
 
Yuli zhibaochao
39; Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
347-49; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-Li," 251-54.

23.
 
G. W. Clarke, "Yu-Li," 272.

24.
 
Ibid., 289.

25.
 
Ibid.,
Yuli zhibaochao,
and Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
passim.

26.
       
For annual executions in the hundreds, and totals of up to seventeen a day, see
CR,
1:291, 4:385.

27.
 
Canton Register,
Aug. 25, 1835.

28.
 
CR,
4:376, 384.

29.
       
Canton Register,
Oct. 27, 1835, and
CR,
4:536, on the prevalence of child kidnapping;
Canton Register,
Aug. 23, 1836; on similar "diabolical arts," see G. W. Clarke, "Yu-li," 360- 67.

30.
       
Yuli zhibaochao,
50b-51b, 58b; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-li," 398-400; Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
391, has variants of these themes.

31.
 
Yuli zhibaochao,
50; G. W. Clarke, "Yu-Li," 394; Wieger,
Moral Tenets,
385.

32.
       
Canton Register,
Aug. 30, 1836. From the late summer date, we know this was for licentiates who had passed the lower two stages of the exam.

33.
       
Yuli zhibaochao,
78b, 79, for the Huang and Xu family exam successes, and G. W. Clarke, "Yu-li," examples passim. On the printers' shortage, see
Canton Register,
June 28, 1836.

34.
 
Hamberg,
Visions,
9;
Yuli zhibaochao,
58.

35.
 
Hamberg,
Visions, 9.

36.
       
Franz Michael,
The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents,
vols. 2-3 (hereafter cited as
TR),
53, slightly modified following Chin,
Shiliao,
6, and Xiang,
Ziliao,
2:632.

37.
       
Hamberg,
Visions,
9;
TR,
53. The two texts intersect at numerous points, but are not identical, even though both are ascribed to Hong Rengan. For a subtle analysis of the dream, see Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
18-19, 34. The dream is presented as the "delirium fable" or a "twilight state" in the pioneering essay by Yap, "Mental Illness," 298. A compar­ative context for Hong's dream is provided in Wagner, "Imperial Dreams."

38.
       
See the transcript of
Taiping tianri,
as reproduced in
Taiping Tianguo yinshu,
vol. 1, item 3, p. 4;
TR,
54, 1516; Hamberg,
Visions,
10.

39.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
4b;
TR,
54.

40.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
5b;
TR,
54.

41.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
6;
TR,
55.

42.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
6b-7b;
TR,
55-56.

43.
       
M., 54—59.
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
10b, for the sword and seal; 1 lb for the sparing of Yan Luo.

44.
 
TR,
59—60.
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
13, on palace and family.

45.
 
On the names, see
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
13;
TR,
59-60.

46.
 
Taiping tianri,
in
Yinshu,
16b;
TR,
62.

47.
       
Hamberg,
Visions,
12. Compare Ziircher, "Prince Moonlight," 38, where the Mara kings, wielding "diamond clubs," also shout
sha,
"kill."

48.
       
Adapted from the Chinese version of Hamberg,
Visions,
12, and the translation in
TR,
1517.

49.
       
TR,
20 [C. L. Chang]; Xiang,
Ziliao,
2:848. Kuhn, "Origins," 357-58, sees the poems as foretelling a "vague but immense personal mission."

50.
       
Hamberg,
Visions,
12, on the brothers' watchfulness; Ng,
Madness,
explains the legal implications of insanity.

51. Wagner,
Heavenly Vision,
21-25, gives an insightful analysis of the idea of corrobora­tion and categories in this dream. Yap, "Mental Illness," 295, discusses the overlays of inflexibility and "submission to dominating ideas" shown by Hong, and on 299 sees him as "hysterical," not schizophrenic.

Chapter 5: The Key

1.
 
Hamberg,
Visions,
19;
TR,
63-64.

2.
       
Among the scholars who have worked most carefully on Liang's tracts and their theology in the context of Hong's thought are Jen Yu-wen,
T'ung-/(ao,
1665-93 (chap. 18, sec. 6); Bohr, "Eschatology"; and Xia,
Zongjiao.
See also works listed under Wagner, Shih, Boardman, Barnett, Kuhn, and Doezema. My especial thanks to Liu Chiu-ti for helping me enormously in my attempt to understand the whole of Liang's nine tracts.

3.
 
Hunter,
Fan Kwae,
87-89; Fairbank,
Trade,
64-65.

4.
 
Hunter,
Fan Kwae,
88.

5.
 
On this looting see Bernard,
Nemesis,
2:13, and
CR,
10:295.

6.
       
Wakeman,
Strangers,
12; Fairbank,
Trade,
81; Bernard,
Nemesis,
2:11-12, for false queues, and 37-39; Rait,
Gough,
2:181-91.

7.
 
Wakeman,
Strangers,
16—17;
CR,
10:530, on the stolen foot.

8.
       
Wakeman,
Strangers,
17—19; Bernard,
Nemesis,
2:54—55; Bingham,
Narrative,
vol. 2, chap. 5;
CR,
10:399-400.

9.
 
Wakeman,
Strangers,
19-21, 40-41; Bernard,
Nemesis,
2:57;
CR,
10:519-22.