Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (167 page)

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),
124
,
125
,
128
–
133
,
143
,
156
,
203
,
208
,
209
,
353
,
455

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS),
130
,
133
,
209
,
257
,
260
,
263
,
336
,
454
,
500
,
560
,
574
,
585

Chinese Communist Party,
14
,
24
,
411
,
695
; Central Commission for Discipline Inspection,
246
,
385
–
386
,
412
–
413
,
415
,
417
,
418
,
467
–
468
; Central Committee,
26
,
28
,
69
,
70
–
71
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
79
,
93
,
104
–
105
,
115
,
145
,
146
,
148
,
161
,
164
–
165
,
179
,
193
,
195
–
196
,
199
,
239
,
245
,
246
,
382
,
414
,
454
,
562
,
569
,
570
–
571
,
580
,
583
,
588
,
590
–
591
,
623
,
642
,
643
,
647
,
680
,
719
,
730
; Central Finance and Economic Leadership Small Group,
562
,
607
,
827n64
; corruption in,
460
–
461
,
468
,
470
,
553
,
558
,
577
–
578
,
600
–
601
,
606
,
608
,
609
,
615
,
620
,
622
,
623
,
633
,
637
,
638
–
639
,
641
,
662
,
707
–
709
,
712
,
713
; cultivating (
peiyang
) successors in,
350
–
355
,
581
; democratic centralism in,
384
,
392
–
393
,
555
,
683
–
684
; founding of,
20
; General Office,
49
,
237
,
367
,
378
,
380
,
382
,
542
,
570
,
724
; Hong Kong–Macao Work Committee,
499
; inner-party democracy,
199
,
230
,
242
–
243
,
254
,
256
,
372
,
384
,
583
,
589
; International Liaison Department,
191
,
219
,
279
,
397
; leadership teams,
96
–
97
,
109
,
112
,
114
,
351
–
354
,
426
,
475
,
698
–
701
; leading small groups in,
381
; Organization Department,
64
,
238
,
354
–
355
,
414
,
573
,
700
,
719
–
720
,
728
; Politburo,
70
,
71
,
75
,
76
,
78
–
79
,
80
,
83
,
89
,
112
,
115
,
117
–
118
,
127
,
133
,
140
,
143
,
174
,
179
,
186
,
192
,
206
,
209
,
210
,
220
,
223
–
224
,
239
–
240
,
288
,
352
,
359
,
362
–
363
,
365
,
367
,
370
–
371
,
372
,
392
,
417
,
429
,
431
,
432
,
439
,
467
,
469
,
470
,
492
,
570
–
571
,
580
,
604
,
624
,
646
,
679
,
680
,
682
,
687
,
699
,
730
,
732
,
739
,
743
,
745
; Politburo criticism of Deng Xiaoping in,
147
–
149
,
150
–
152
,
155
,
159
,
160
–
161
,
162
,
163
,
166
,
167
,
168
–
170
,
197
,
229
; Politburo Standing Committee,
6
,
38
,
40
,
62
,
82
,
163
,
176
–
177
,
178
,
193
,
199
,
212
,
231
,
239
,
241
,
246
,
248
,
311
,
363
,
370
,
379
–
380
,
381
,
468
,
555
,
556
,
561
,
570
,
571
,
573
,
582
,
583
,
588
,
590
,
606
,
608
,
616
,
617
,
618
,
619
,
623
,
643
,
677
,
686
,
719
,
834n31
; Political Research Office,
122
–
125
,
128
,
133
,
134
,
136
,
140
,
152
,
156
,
197
,
722
,
724
,
725
,
846n5
; Propaganda Department,
135
,
191
,
204
,
227
–
228
,
235
,
257
,
364
,
554
,
558
–
559
,
560
,
566
,
567
–
568
,
585
,
606
,
625
,
661
–
662
,
663
,
668
,
722
,
739
; provincial party secretaries,
763n38
; rectification (
zhengfeng
) campaigns in,
95
–
96
; relations with Guomindang,
6
,
12
–
13
,
22
,
25
–
28
,
30
–
31
,
33
–
36
,
50
,
141
,
483
,
487
,
489
,
490
,
718
,
720
,
731
; relations with other Communist parties,
7
,
191
,
219
,
279
,
284
,
285
,
286
,
292
,
293
,
356
; retirement of senior officials,
555
–
557
; Rural Policy Research Office,
437
; Secretariat,
359
,
364
–
365
,
378
,
380
–
381
,
385
,
416
,
419
–
420
,
441
,
554
,
561
,
566
,
570
,
571
,
573
,
583
,
587
,
591
,
611
,
699
,
722
,
724
.
See also
Central Advisory Commission; Central Military Commission; Central Party School; Central Party Work Conference; Deng Xiaoping's attitudes regarding: Communist Party;
Guangming Daily; People's Daily

Chinese Communist Party Congresses and Plenums: 7th Party Congress (1945),
39
,
120
,
230
,
358
; 8th Party Congress (1956),
39
–
40
,
74
,
75
,
188
–
189
,
357
,
732
; 9th Party Congress (1969),
44
,
61
,
75
,
76
,
189
,
738
; 10th Party Congress (1973),
61
–
62
,
71
,
74
–
76
,
88
,
91
,
92
–
93
,
189
,
193
,
195
,
198
–
199
,
739
; 10th Party Congress/3rd Plenum (1977),
198
–
199
; 11th Party Congress (1977),
189
,
193
,
195
,
199
–
200
; 11th Party Congress/3rd Plenum (1978),
190
,
192
,
220
,
227
,
229
,
241
,
242
,
245
–
248
,
254
,
260
,
350
,
351
,
358
,
359
,
361
,
371
,
396
,
399
,
427
,
436
,
439
,
492
,
548
,
553
,
644
,
676
,
681
,
728
,
731
,
733
; 11th Party Congress/5th Plenum (1980),
358
–
359
,
362
–
365
,
441
; 11th Party Congress/6th Plenum (1981),
372
,
373
; 12th Party Congress (1982),
729
,
763n38
; 12th Party Congress/2nd Plenum (1983),
564
–
565
; 12th Party Congress/3rd Plenum (1984),
420
,
434
,
452
,
466
–
467
,
550
; 12th Party Congress/4th Plenum (1985),
569
,
570
; 12th Party Congress/5th Plenum (1985),
569
; 12th Party Congress/6th Plenum (1986),
556
; 13th Party Congress (1987),
443
,
449
,
469
,
471
–
472
,
572
,
573
,
576
,
579
–
580
,
583
,
587
–
591
,
614
,
622
,
827n64
; 13th Party Congress/3rd Plenum (1988),
659
; 13th Party Congress/4th Plenum (1989),
643
–
644
; 13th Party Congress/5th Plenum (1989),
645
,
647
; 13th Party Congress/7th Plenum (1990),
667
–
668
; 13th Party Congress/8th Plenum (1991),
669
; 14th Party Congress (1992),
669
,
680
,
682
,
684
–
688
; 15th Party Congress (1997),
686
; 16th Party Congress (2002),
686
; 17th Party Congress (2007),
686

Chinese Communist Youth League,
20
,
251
–
252
,
391
,
570
,
598
,
725
,
726
,
727
,
728

Chinese Writers Association: Fourth Congress (1984–1985),
566
–
567

Chirac, Jacques,
119

Chongqing,
17
,
18
,
21
,
37
,
843n44

Chuangye.
See
Pioneers, The

Chun Doo Hwan,
634

Chung, Sze-yuen,
504

Church, Frank,
481

Class struggle,
185
,
188
,
245
,
255
,
370
,
395
–
396
,
411
,
416
,
417
; Mao Zedong's attitudes regarding,
130
,
143
,
145
–
146
,
147
,
148
,
149
,
151
,
152
,
176
,
182
,
192
,
209
,
212
,
232
,
277
,
278
,
357
,
366
,
371
,
661
,
685
,
689

Clausen, A. W.,
460

CNN,
636
,
653

Coal production,
110
,
127

Cold War,
13
,
513
,
636