Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (163 page)

68.
Suisheng Zhao, “A State-Led Nationalism: The Patriotic Education Campaign in Post-Tiananmen China,”
Communist and Post Communist Studies
31, no. 3 (September 1998): 287–302; Paul A. Cohen,
China Unbound: Evolving Perspectives on the Chinese Past
(New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003), pp. 166–169 and n181, n182; Parks Coble, “China's ‘New Remembering’ of the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937–1945,”
The China Quarterly
, no. 190 (June 2007): 394–410; Suisheng Zhao,
A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2004), pp. 213–247.

69.
Coble, “China's ‘New Remembering,’” pp. 400–402.

70.
For an account of the nuances of how writers responded to the clues from above, see Perry Link,
The Uses of Literature: Life in the Socialist Chinese Literary System
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000), pp. 68–81.

71.
Shuqing Zhang, “Marxism, Confucianism, and Cultural Nationalism,” in Zhiling Lin and Thomas W. Robinson, eds.,
The Chinese and Their Future: Beijing, Taipei, and Hong Kong
(Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press, 1994), pp. 82–109.

23. Deng's Finale

1.
Joseph Fewsmith,
China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao
, 2d ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).

2.
DXPNP-2
, January 20, 1990; January 26, 1990; February 13, 1990.

3.
Victoria Wu, “The Pudong Development Zone and China's Economic Reforms,”
Planning Perspectives
13, no. 2 (April 1998): 133–165; Zhongyang wenxian yanjiushi keyanbu tushuguan (Library Department on Scientific Research of the Central Chinese Communist Party Literature Office), ed.,
Deng Xiaoping rensheng jishi
(A Record of the Life of Deng Xiaoping), 3 vols. (Nanjing: Fenghuang chubanshe, 2004), 3:2019–2052.

4.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
(Record of Deng Xiaoping's Eight Southern Journeys) (Beijing: Jiefangjun wenyi chubanshe, 2002), pp. 214–216, 220. Another account is in Zhongyang wenxian yanjiushi keyanbu tushuguan,
Deng Xiaoping rensheng jishi.

5.
DXPNP-2
, January 26, 1990.

6.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, p. 216.

7.
SWDXP-3
, pp. 342–343;
DXPNP-2
, March 3, 1990.

8.
DXPNP-2
, Febuary 13, 1990.

9.
SWDXP-3
, December 24, 1990, pp. 350–352.

10.
Robert Lawrence Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin
(New York: Crown, 2004), p. 205.

11.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 204–222; Huang Hong, ed.,
Ying daoli: Nanfang tanhua huimou
(The Hard Truth: Looking Back on the Southern Journey) (Ji'nan: Shandong renmin chubanshe, 2002), pp. 127–149.

12.
SWDXP-3
, pp. 353–355.

13.
DXPNP-2
, February 10, 1991; February 12, 1991; February 14, 1991.

14.
Ibid., February 15, 1991; March 2, 1991; March 22, 1991; and April 12, 1991; Huang Hong,
Ying daoli
, pp. 130–136.

15.
James A. R. Miles,
The Legacy of Tiananmen: China in Disarray
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996), pp. 78–83; Suisheng Zhao, “Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour: Elite Politics in Post-Tiananmen China,”
Asian Survey
33, no. 8 (August 1993): 748–749.

16.
Fewsmith,
China since Tiananmen
, p. 54.

17.
Ibid., p. 55.

18.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, p. 226.

19.
Ibid., p. 226. The comment is from a talk delivered on February 29, 1980.

20.
Ibid., pp. 227–228.

21.
Ibid., pp. 228–229.

22.
Interview with Chen Kaizhi, who accompanied Deng on the trip, and other local officials, October 2003.

23.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 231–232.

24.
Ibid., p. 243.

25.
Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, pp. 96–97.

26.
Interview in October 2003 with Chen Kaizhi, who was deputy secretary general of Guangdong at the time of the Deng visit and responsible for making the arrangements for the trip to Shenzhen and Zhuhai. See also Cen Longye, ed.,
Yueai wujia
(Priceless Experience and Love) (Beijing: Zuojia chubanshe, 2001), pp. 182–190. Figures about cameras and tape recorders are from Zhao, “Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour,” 750. For another account of the trip see Huang Hong,
Ying daoli
, pp. 150–190.

27.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 234–235.

28.
Interview with an official who rode with Deng, November 2003, in Guangzhou.

29.
SWDXP-3
, pp. 362–363.

30.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, p. 232; Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 212.

31.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 240, 245–246.

32.
Ibid., pp. 232–233.

33.
Ibid., pp. 246–248.

34.
Cen Longye,
Yueai wujia
, p. 186.

35.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 248–249.

36.
Ibid., pp. 251–253.

37.
DXPNP-2
, January 29, 1992.

38.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 279–282.

39.
Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, p. 95.

40.
Ibid., p 95; Zhao, “Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour,” 749; Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, p. 286.

41.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, pp. 212–213.

42.
Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, pp. 95–96; Zhao, “Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour,” 749; Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 213.

43.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 214.

44.
Deng had gone to Shanghai in 1985, where he had had a chance to see the initial progress following both his 1984 visit and his decision to open up the fourteen coastal cities, but in the winter of 1986 he went instead to Guilin and Chongqing. In 1987 he remained in Beijing because of the turmoil over the dismissal of Hu Yaobang. See
DXPNP-2
, January 31, 1985; January 24, 1986; January 31, 1986; February 10, 1988; February 23, 1988; January 21, 1989; February 16, 1989; January 20, 1990; and February 13, 1990.

45.
Ibid., February 7, 1992.

46.
Interview with Chen Kaizhi, October 2003.

47.
CYNP
, February 3, 1992.

48.
I visited the store in 1973 when it displayed only simple cotton clothing and thermos bottles.

49.
Tong Huaiping and Li Chengguan,
Deng Xiaoping baci nanxun jishi
, pp. 285–294;
DXPNP-2
, February 21, 1992.

50.
For listings of the Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and foreign coverage, see Huang Hong,
Ying daoli
, pp. 192–200; Fewsmith,
China since Tiananmen
, p. 242, n65.

51.
Chen Maodi, “Jiang Zemin kaocha Shanghai shi qiangdiao quandang yao shizhong buyu quanmian guanche dangde jiben luxian jinyibu jiefang sixiang jiakuai gaige kaifang bufa” (During his visit to Shanghai Jiang Zemin stresses party must unswervingly implement the party's basic line to emancipate the mind and to speed up the pace of reform and opening),
Renmin ribao
(People's Daily), January 20, 1992, 1. Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, pp. 214–215.

52.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 214.

53.
Ibid., pp. 213–214.

54.
February 20, 1992, as quoted by Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, p. 101.

55.
Zhao, “Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour,” 750; Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, pp. 100–101; Huang Hong,
Ying daoli
, p. 195.

56.
An authoritative summary of the document may be found in
DXPNP-2
, February 28, 1992. The final version of the revision of Deng's talks in Shenzhen and Zhuhai is in
SWDXP-2
, pp. 358–370.

57.
Miles,
Legacy of Tiananmen
, pp. 99–100, n50.

58.
Ibid., p. 102.

59.
Huang Hong,
Ying daoli
, p. 237; Fewsmith,
China since Tiananmen
, p. 62.

60.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, pp. 219–220.

61.
Zhonggong zhongyang wenxian yanjiushi (Central Chinese Communist Party Literature Research Office), ed.,
Shisanda yilai zhongyao wenxian xuanbian
(Selection of Important Documents since the 13th Party Congress), 3 vols. (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 1991–1993), 3:2055–2089.

62.
SWCY
, 3:370.

63.
DXPNP-2
, July 23–24, 1992.

64.
Tony Saich, “The Fourteenth Party Congress: A Programme for Authoritarian Rule,”
The China Quarterly
, no. 132 (December 1992): 1141–1142; Richard Baum,
Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 364–368.

65.
Saich, “The Fourteenth Party Congress,” 1142–1146.

66.
Ibid., 1146–1148.

67.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 222.

68.
For example,
DXPNP-2
, January 22, 1993.

69.
Wu Guoguang,
Zhulu shiwuda: Zhongguo quanli qiju
(Toward the 15th Party Congress: Party Game in China) (Hong Kong: Taipingyang shiji yanjiusuo, 1997).

70.
Kuhn,
The Man Who Changed China
, p. 223; Fewsmith,
China since Tiananmen
, pp. 67–68.

71.
Zhu Jianguo, “Li Rui tan ‘Jiao Guobiao taozhao,’ tonggan shi huang nan jue yuan” (Li Rui on “Jiao Guobiao's Crusade”: The Pain of Isolation of the First Emperor), at
http://www.newcenturynews.com/Article/gd/200710/20071005150035.html
, accessed August 16, 2010.

72.
Saich, “The Fourteenth Party Congress,” 1154.

73.
Ding Lu, “China's Institution Development for a Market Economy since Deng Xiaoping's 1992 Nanxun,” in John Wong and Yongnian Zheng, eds.,
The Nanxun Legacy and China's Development in the Post-Deng Era
(Singapore: World Scientific, 2001), pp. 51–73.

74.
DXPNP-2
, February 19, 1997.

75.
Ibid., February 25, 1997; Jim Lehrer, host, “Transcript on Deng's Legacy, February 25, 1997,”
On Line Focus
, at
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/february97/deng_2–25.html
, accessed March 5, 2010.

24. China Transformed