Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All (41 page)
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Authors: Paul A. Offit M.D.
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141
Health commissioner responds to polio outbreak:
S. W. Ferguson, “Mandatory Immunization,”
New England Journal of Medicine
288 (1973): 800.
Health commissioner responds to polio outbreak:
S. W. Ferguson, “Mandatory Immunization,”
New England Journal of Medicine
288 (1973): 800.
142
Maier case:
Maier v. Besser
, 73 Misc. 2d 241 (1972).
Maier case:
Maier v. Besser
, 73 Misc. 2d 241 (1972).
142
Dalli case:
Dalli v. Board of Education
, 358 Mass. 753 (1971).
Dalli case:
Dalli v. Board of Education
, 358 Mass. 753 (1971).
142
Sherr/Levy case:
Sherr v. Northport-East Northport Union Free School District
, 672 F. Supp. 81 (E.D.N.Y 1987).
Sherr/Levy case:
Sherr v. Northport-East Northport Union Free School District
, 672 F. Supp. 81 (E.D.N.Y 1987).
142
Philosophical exemptions:
Welsh v. United States
, 398 U.S. 333, 90 S.Ct. 1792 (1970).
Philosophical exemptions:
Welsh v. United States
, 398 U.S. 333, 90 S.Ct. 1792 (1970).
143
Salmon study:
D. A. Salmon, M. Haber, E. J. Gangarosa, et al., “Health Consequences of Religious and Philosophical Exemptions from Immunization Laws: Individual and Societal Risk of Measles,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
281 (1999): 47-53.
Salmon study:
D. A. Salmon, M. Haber, E. J. Gangarosa, et al., “Health Consequences of Religious and Philosophical Exemptions from Immunization Laws: Individual and Societal Risk of Measles,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
281 (1999): 47-53.
143
Feikin study:
D. R. Feikin, D. C. Lezotte, R. F. Hamman, et al., “Individual and Community Risks of Measles and Pertussis Associated with Personal Exemptions to Immunization,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
284 (2000): 3145-3150.
Feikin study:
D. R. Feikin, D. C. Lezotte, R. F. Hamman, et al., “Individual and Community Risks of Measles and Pertussis Associated with Personal Exemptions to Immunization,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
284 (2000): 3145-3150.
143
Omer study:
S. B. Omer, W.K.Y. Pan, N. A. Halsey, et al., “Nonmedical Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements: Secular Trends and Association of State Policies with Pertussis Incidence,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
296 (2006): 1757-1763.
Omer study:
S. B. Omer, W.K.Y. Pan, N. A. Halsey, et al., “Nonmedical Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements: Secular Trends and Association of State Policies with Pertussis Incidence,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
296 (2006): 1757-1763.
143
Glanz study:
J. M. Glanz, D. L. McClure, D. J. Magid, et al., “Parental Refusal of Pertussis Vaccination Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Pertussis Infection in Children,”
Pediatrics
123 (2009): 1446-1451.
Glanz study:
J. M. Glanz, D. L. McClure, D. J. Magid, et al., “Parental Refusal of Pertussis Vaccination Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Pertussis Infection in Children,”
Pediatrics
123 (2009): 1446-1451.
144
International impact of anti-vaccine activism:
E. J. Gangarosa, A. M. Galazka, C. R. Wolfe, et al., “Impact of Anti-Vaccine Movements on Pertussis Control: The Untold Story,”
The Lancet
351 (1998): 356- 361.
International impact of anti-vaccine activism:
E. J. Gangarosa, A. M. Galazka, C. R. Wolfe, et al., “Impact of Anti-Vaccine Movements on Pertussis Control: The Untold Story,”
The Lancet
351 (1998): 356- 361.
144
Garrett Hardin essay:
G. Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,”
Science
162 (1968): 1243-1248. All Hardin quotes are from this essay.
Garrett Hardin essay:
G. Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons,”
Science
162 (1968): 1243-1248. All Hardin quotes are from this essay.
146
Stephanie Tatel:
S. Tatel, “A Pox on You,”
http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?action=print&id=2232977
. All Tatel quotes are from this essay.
Stephanie Tatel:
S. Tatel, “A Pox on You,”
http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?action=print&id=2232977
. All Tatel quotes are from this essay.
147
Hardin’s second essay:
G. Hardin, “Extension of ‘The Tragedy of the Commons,’”
Science
280 (1998): 682-683.
9. The Mean SeasonHardin’s second essay:
G. Hardin, “Extension of ‘The Tragedy of the Commons,’”
Science
280 (1998): 682-683.
150
Jenny McCarthy and Crystal children:
J. McCarthy,
Louder Than Words: A Mother’s Journey in Healing Autism
(New York: Dutton, 2007), 178.
Jenny McCarthy and Crystal children:
J. McCarthy,
Louder Than Words: A Mother’s Journey in Healing Autism
(New York: Dutton, 2007), 178.
150
Crystal children:
D. Virtue,
The Care and Feeding of Indigo Children
(Carlsbad: Hay House, 2001).
Crystal children:
D. Virtue,
The Care and Feeding of Indigo Children
(Carlsbad: Hay House, 2001).
151
McCarthy regarding MMR causing autism:
Oprah
, September 18, 2007.
McCarthy regarding MMR causing autism:
Oprah
, September 18, 2007.
151
McCarthy dramatizes son’s illness:
K. Chetry, “McCarthy Claims Autism ‘Cure,’”
American Morning
, CNN, October 1, 2008.
McCarthy dramatizes son’s illness:
K. Chetry, “McCarthy Claims Autism ‘Cure,’”
American Morning
, CNN, October 1, 2008.
151
McCarthy asks officials and companies to stop hurting kids:
Ibid.
McCarthy asks officials and companies to stop hurting kids:
Ibid.
152
McCarthy on toxins in vaccines:
Green Our Vaccines Rally, Washington, D.C., June 4, 2008,
http://www.generationrescue.org/news-press/green-our-vaccines/jenny-mccarthy-transcript
.
McCarthy on toxins in vaccines:
Green Our Vaccines Rally, Washington, D.C., June 4, 2008,
http://www.generationrescue.org/news-press/green-our-vaccines/jenny-mccarthy-transcript
.
152
McCarthy on Botox:
S. Negovan, “The New McCarthyism,”
Michigan Avenue Magazine
,
http://www.michiganavemag.com/MA_MA09_084_NEW.html
.
McCarthy on Botox:
S. Negovan, “The New McCarthyism,”
Michigan Avenue Magazine
,
http://www.michiganavemag.com/MA_MA09_084_NEW.html
.
152
Jeffrey Kluger interviews McCarthy:
J. Kluger, “Jenny McCarthy Talks About Autism,”
Time
, April 1, 2009.
Jeffrey Kluger interviews McCarthy:
J. Kluger, “Jenny McCarthy Talks About Autism,”
Time
, April 1, 2009.
153
McCarthy video on treating autism:
http:///www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDe_PAltC1A
;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBqta02d68&feature=related
. Other McCarthy quotes are from this video.
McCarthy video on treating autism:
http:///www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDe_PAltC1A
;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBqta02d68&feature=related
. Other McCarthy quotes are from this video.
153
Relative sizes of vaccine and nutritional supplement industries:
J. Groopman, “No Alternative,”
Wall Street Journal
, August 7, 2006; “Infectious Diseases Vaccine Market Overview: Key Companies and Strategies,”
www.datamonitor.com
, December 2008.
Relative sizes of vaccine and nutritional supplement industries:
J. Groopman, “No Alternative,”
Wall Street Journal
, August 7, 2006; “Infectious Diseases Vaccine Market Overview: Key Companies and Strategies,”
www.datamonitor.com
, December 2008.
154
McCarthy and Generation Rescue Web site:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
McCarthy and Generation Rescue Web site:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
154
Chelation death:
K. Kane and V. Linn, “Boy Dies During Autism Treatment,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, August 25, 2006.
Chelation death:
K. Kane and V. Linn, “Boy Dies During Autism Treatment,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, August 25, 2006.
154
Generation Rescue mission statement:
Generation Rescue, Inc., 2007 Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax, Form 990.
Generation Rescue mission statement:
Generation Rescue, Inc., 2007 Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax, Form 990.
154
Ad regarding mercury poisoning:
New York Times
, June 8, 2005.
Ad regarding mercury poisoning:
New York Times
, June 8, 2005.
154
Ad regarding increase in autism:
USA Today
, April 6, 2006.
Ad regarding increase in autism:
USA Today
, April 6, 2006.
154
Ad regarding Bailey Banks:
USA Today
, February 25, 2009.
Ad regarding Bailey Banks:
USA Today
, February 25, 2009.
155
Handley/McCarthy interchange with Dr. Travis Stork:
The Doctors
, May 6, 2009.
Handley/McCarthy interchange with Dr. Travis Stork:
The Doctors
, May 6, 2009.
156
Handley and “knuckleheads”:
J. B. Handley, “Dr. Steve Novella: Why Is This So Hard to Understand?” Age of Autism Web log, April 22, 2009.
Handley and “knuckleheads”:
J. B. Handley, “Dr. Steve Novella: Why Is This So Hard to Understand?” Age of Autism Web log, April 22, 2009.
157
David Tayloe’s letter to Lisa Williams:
Provided by Susan Martin, American Academy of Pediatrics.
David Tayloe’s letter to Lisa Williams:
Provided by Susan Martin, American Academy of Pediatrics.
158
Nancy Minshew’s quote in newspaper:
M. Roth, “Pitt Expert Goes Public to Counter Fallacy on Autism,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, January 31, 2008.
Nancy Minshew’s quote in newspaper:
M. Roth, “Pitt Expert Goes Public to Counter Fallacy on Autism,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, January 31, 2008.
158
Handley counters Minshew:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “While Minshew Shrieks, Autism Squeaks,” February 8, 2008.
Handley counters Minshew:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “While Minshew Shrieks, Autism Squeaks,” February 8, 2008.
158
Amanda Peet and
Cookie
magazine:
J. Tung, “Amanda Peet: The Actress Discusses the Vaccination Debate,”
Cookie
, August 2008.
Amanda Peet and
Cookie
magazine:
J. Tung, “Amanda Peet: The Actress Discusses the Vaccination Debate,”
Cookie
, August 2008.
158
Handley counters Peet:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “From Dr. Paul Offit’s Lips to Amanda Peet’s Ears, We’re All Parasites,” July 15, 2008.
Handley counters Peet:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “From Dr. Paul Offit’s Lips to Amanda Peet’s Ears, We’re All Parasites,” July 15, 2008.
158
Handley attacks ECBT:
Blog entry, “Every Child by Two: A Front Group for Wyeth,” August 4, 2008.
Handley attacks ECBT:
Blog entry, “Every Child by Two: A Front Group for Wyeth,” August 4, 2008.
159
Handley counters Dawson:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Is Autism Speaks’ Geri Dawson a Blithering Idiot?” September 10, 2008.
Handley counters Dawson:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Is Autism Speaks’ Geri Dawson a Blithering Idiot?” September 10, 2008.
159
Handley counters Snyderman:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Keep On Self-Incriminatin’,” October 30, 2008.
Handley counters Snyderman:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Keep On Self-Incriminatin’,” October 30, 2008.
159
Harris article:
G. Harris and A. O’Connor, “On Autism’s Causes: It’s Parents vs. Research,”
New York Times
, June 25, 2005.
Harris article:
G. Harris and A. O’Connor, “On Autism’s Causes: It’s Parents vs. Research,”
New York Times
, June 25, 2005.
159
Handley counters Harris:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Some
New York Times
Reporters Are Just Ignorant,” December 15, 2008.
Handley counters Harris:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Some
New York Times
Reporters Are Just Ignorant,” December 15, 2008.
159
Wired
article:
A. Wallace, “An Epidemic of Fear,”
Wired
, November 2009.
Wired
article:
A. Wallace, “An Epidemic of Fear,”
Wired
, November 2009.
159
Handley and date rape:
“Readers Respond to An Epidemic of Fear: Part 1,”
Wired
,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/10/readers-respond-to-an-epidemic-of-fear-part-1
.
Handley and date rape:
“Readers Respond to An Epidemic of Fear: Part 1,”
Wired
,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/10/readers-respond-to-an-epidemic-of-fear-part-1
.
160
Handley and “cry baby”:
“Readers Respond to An Epidemic of Fear: Part 2,”
Wired
,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/10/readers-respond-to-an-epidemic-of-fear-part-2
.
Handley and “cry baby”:
“Readers Respond to An Epidemic of Fear: Part 2,”
Wired
,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/10/readers-respond-to-an-epidemic-of-fear-part-2
.
160
Wallace regarding bullying:
Ibid.
Wallace regarding bullying:
Ibid.
160
Wallace and civil debate:
M. Block, “Journalist’s Vaccine Article Draws Hate Mail,”
National Public Radio
, October 28, 2009.
Wallace and civil debate:
M. Block, “Journalist’s Vaccine Article Draws Hate Mail,”
National Public Radio
, October 28, 2009.
160
Handley regarding pediatricians:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Vaccines Don’t Cause Autism, Pediatricians Do,” January 12, 2010.
Handley regarding pediatricians:
Blog entry, Age of Autism, “Vaccines Don’t Cause Autism, Pediatricians Do,” January 12, 2010.
160
Handley and Gardasil:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
Handley and Gardasil:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
160
Patricia Danzon on vaccine economics:
Presentation on “Vaccine Economics,” the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapeutics course for immunology and molecular biology graduate students, October 2008.
Patricia Danzon on vaccine economics:
Presentation on “Vaccine Economics,” the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapeutics course for immunology and molecular biology graduate students, October 2008.
161
Handley and the 1989 vaccine schedule:
The Doctors
, May 6, 2009.
Handley and the 1989 vaccine schedule:
The Doctors
, May 6, 2009.
161
Handley and research on vaccinated vs. unvaccinated children:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
Handley and research on vaccinated vs. unvaccinated children:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009.
162
Celebrities support polio vaccine:
N. G. Seavey, J. S. Smith, and P. Wagner,
A Paralyzing Fear: The Triumph over Polio in America
(New York: TV Books, 1998); Oshinsky,
Polio
.
Celebrities support polio vaccine:
N. G. Seavey, J. S. Smith, and P. Wagner,
A Paralyzing Fear: The Triumph over Polio in America
(New York: TV Books, 1998); Oshinsky,
Polio
.
162
Celebrities who support vaccines:
“Actress and New Mom Keri Russell Joins PKIDS to Launch ‘Silence the Sound of Pertussis’ Campaign,”
PR Newswire
, October 16, 2007; E. J. Mundell, “Jennifer Garner Puts Flu Shot in the Spotlight,”
U.S. News and World Report
,
www.usnews.com
, April 19, 2010; “Football Legend Archie Griffin Raising Awareness of H1N1 Vaccinations,”
Dayton Business Journal
, January 20, 2010.
Celebrities who support vaccines:
“Actress and New Mom Keri Russell Joins PKIDS to Launch ‘Silence the Sound of Pertussis’ Campaign,”
PR Newswire
, October 16, 2007; E. J. Mundell, “Jennifer Garner Puts Flu Shot in the Spotlight,”
U.S. News and World Report
,
www.usnews.com
, April 19, 2010; “Football Legend Archie Griffin Raising Awareness of H1N1 Vaccinations,”
Dayton Business Journal
, January 20, 2010.
163
Celebrities who fear vaccines:
“Jessica Alba Concerned About Vaccinations,”
http://blogs.babycenter.com/celebrities/category/vaccinations
; “Vaccines : Does Your Child Really Need Them?” Planet
Chiropractic.com
, April 18, 2000; “House Call with Dr. Sanjay Gupta,” CNN, August 16, 2008; “Vaccines and Autism,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, February 27, 2008; A. Quinn, “Aidan Quinn’s Ode to Ireland of the Seventies,”
Independent. ie
, September 14, 2008.
Celebrities who fear vaccines:
“Jessica Alba Concerned About Vaccinations,”
http://blogs.babycenter.com/celebrities/category/vaccinations
; “Vaccines : Does Your Child Really Need Them?” Planet
Chiropractic.com
, April 18, 2000; “House Call with Dr. Sanjay Gupta,” CNN, August 16, 2008; “Vaccines and Autism,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, February 27, 2008; A. Quinn, “Aidan Quinn’s Ode to Ireland of the Seventies,”
Independent. ie
, September 14, 2008.
163
Carrey regarding conspiracy:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009. All quotes by Jim Carrey are from this source.
Carrey regarding conspiracy:
“Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey Discuss Autism: Medical Experts Weigh In,”
Larry King Live
, CNN, April 3, 2009. All quotes by Jim Carrey are from this source.
164
Handley and the chickenpox vaccine:
Ibid.
Handley and the chickenpox vaccine:
Ibid.
164
Chickenpox disease and effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine:
A. A. Gershon, M. Takahashi, and J. F. Seward, “Varicella Vaccine,” in
Vaccines
, 5th ed., eds. S. A. Plotkin, W. A. Orenstein, and P. A. Offit (London: Elsevier/Saunders, 2008); S. S. Shah, S. M. Wood, X. Luan, and A. J. Ratner, “Decline in Varicella-Related Ambulatory Visits and Hospitalizations in the United States Since Routine Immunization Against Varicella,”
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
29 (2010): 199-204.
Chickenpox disease and effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine:
A. A. Gershon, M. Takahashi, and J. F. Seward, “Varicella Vaccine,” in
Vaccines
, 5th ed., eds. S. A. Plotkin, W. A. Orenstein, and P. A. Offit (London: Elsevier/Saunders, 2008); S. S. Shah, S. M. Wood, X. Luan, and A. J. Ratner, “Decline in Varicella-Related Ambulatory Visits and Hospitalizations in the United States Since Routine Immunization Against Varicella,”
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
29 (2010): 199-204.
165
Maher and Frist:
Real Time with Bill Maher
, HBO, October 2, 2009.
Maher and Frist:
Real Time with Bill Maher
, HBO, October 2, 2009.
165
Maher in
Huffington Post
:
B. Maher, “Vaccination: A Conversation Worth Having,”
Huffington Post
, November 15, 2009.
Maher in
Huffington Post
:
B. Maher, “Vaccination: A Conversation Worth Having,”
Huffington Post
, November 15, 2009.
166
Religulous
:
Lionsgate Films, 2008.
Religulous
:
Lionsgate Films, 2008.
167
Maher and
Microbe Hunters
:
B. Maher, “Vaccination: A Conversation Worth Having,”
Huffington Post
, November 15, 2009.
Maher and
Microbe Hunters
:
B. Maher, “Vaccination: A Conversation Worth Having,”
Huffington Post
, November 15, 2009.
167
Polio epidemics:
Offit,
Cutter
.
Polio epidemics:
Offit,
Cutter
.
167
Swine flu epidemic, 2009:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm
.
Swine flu epidemic, 2009:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm
.
167
Swine flu and pregnancy:
S. Jain, L. Kamimoto, A. M. Bramley, et al., “Hospitalized Patients with 2009 H1N1 Influenza in the United States, April-June 2009,”
New England Journal of Medicine
361 (2009): 1935- 1944 ; J. K. Louie, M. Acosta, D. J. Jamieson, et al., “Severe 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Pregnant Women in California,”
New England Journal of Medicine
362 (2010): 27-35; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Pregnant Women Requiring Intensive Care—New York City, 2009,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
59 (2010): 321-326.
Swine flu and pregnancy:
S. Jain, L. Kamimoto, A. M. Bramley, et al., “Hospitalized Patients with 2009 H1N1 Influenza in the United States, April-June 2009,”
New England Journal of Medicine
361 (2009): 1935- 1944 ; J. K. Louie, M. Acosta, D. J. Jamieson, et al., “Severe 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Pregnant Women in California,”
New England Journal of Medicine
362 (2010): 27-35; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Pregnant Women Requiring Intensive Care—New York City, 2009,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
59 (2010): 321-326.
168
Edward R. Murrow and Arthur Godfrey:
A. M. Brandt,
The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America
(New York: Basic Books, 2007).
Edward R. Murrow and Arthur Godfrey:
A. M. Brandt,
The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America
(New York: Basic Books, 2007).
168
Bernadine Healy on TV:
CBS Evening News
, May 12, 2008. Other quotes from Healy are taken from this program.
Bernadine Healy on TV:
CBS Evening News
, May 12, 2008. Other quotes from Healy are taken from this program.
169
Genetic defects in autism:
K. Wang, H. Zhang, D. Ma, et al., “Common Genetic Variants on 5p14.1 Associate with Autism Spectrum Disorders,”
Nature
459 (2009): 528-533; R. Moessner, C. R. Marshall, J. S. Sutcliffe, et al., “Contribution of
SHANK-3
Mutations to Autism Spectrum Disorder,”
American Journal of Human Genetics
81 (2007): 1289-1297; K. Garber, “Autism’s Cause May Reside in Abnormalities of the Synapse,”
Science
317 (2007): 190-191; L. A. Weiss, Y. Shen, J. M. Korn, et al., “Association Between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism,”
New England Journal of Medicine
358 (2008): 667-675.
Genetic defects in autism:
K. Wang, H. Zhang, D. Ma, et al., “Common Genetic Variants on 5p14.1 Associate with Autism Spectrum Disorders,”
Nature
459 (2009): 528-533; R. Moessner, C. R. Marshall, J. S. Sutcliffe, et al., “Contribution of
SHANK-3
Mutations to Autism Spectrum Disorder,”
American Journal of Human Genetics
81 (2007): 1289-1297; K. Garber, “Autism’s Cause May Reside in Abnormalities of the Synapse,”
Science
317 (2007): 190-191; L. A. Weiss, Y. Shen, J. M. Korn, et al., “Association Between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism,”
New England Journal of Medicine
358 (2008): 667-675.
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