Crows (17 page)

Heinrich, Bernd.“An Experimental Investigation of Insight in Common Ravens (
Corvus corax
).”
Auk
112 (1995): 994-1003.

———.
The Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds.
New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

———.“ Testing Insight in Ravens.” In
The Evolution of Cognition,
edited by Cecilia Heys and Ludwig Huber, 289-310. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2000.

Heinrich, Bernd, and John W. Pepper. “Influence of Competitors on Caching Behaviour in the Common Raven,
Corvus corax.” Animal Behaviour
56 (1998): 1083-1090.

Savage, Candace.
Bird Brains: The Intelligence of Crows, Ravens, Magpies and Jays.
Vancouver: Greystone Books, 1995.S·

———.“Reasoning Ravens.”
Canadian Geographic
120 (January/February 2000): 22-24.

Richards, David B., and Nicholas S. Thompson. “Critical Properties of the Assembly Call of the Common American Crow.”
Behavior
64 (1978): 184-203.

Thompson, Nicholas S.“Counting and Communication in Crows.”
Communications in Behavioral Biology
2 (1968): 223-25.

———.“Individual Identification and Temporal Patterning in the Cawing of Common Crows.”
Communications in Behavioral Biology
4 (1969): 29-33.

Caffrey, Carolee, Shauna C.R. Smith, and Tiffany J. Weston. “West Nile Virus Devastates an American Crow Population.”
Condor
107 (2005): 128-32.

Hochachka, Wesley M., Andre A. Dhondt, Kevin J. McGowan, and Laura D. Kramer.“Impact of West Nile Virus on American Crows in the Northeastern United States, and Its Relevance to Existing Monitoring Programs.”
EcoHealth
1 (2004): 60-68.

Brown, Eleanor D. “The Role of Song and Vocal Imitation Among Common Crows (
Corvus brachyrhynchos
).”
Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie
68 (1985): 115-136.

———.“Functional Interrelationships Among the Mobbing and Alarm Caws of Common Crows (
Corvus brachyrhynchos
).”
Zeitschrit fur Tierpsychologie
67 (1985): 18-33.

Brown, Eleanor D., and Susan M. Farabaugh.“What Birds With Complex Social Relationships Can Tell Us About Vocal Learning: Vocal Sharing in Avian Groups.” In
Social Influences on Vocal Development,
edited by Charles T. Snowdon and Martine Hasuberger, 98-127. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Enggist-Dueblin, Peter, and Ueli Pfister. “Communication in Ravens (
Corvus corax
): Call Use in Interactions Between Pair Partners.” In
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edited by Michael Taborsky and Barbara Taborsky, 122. Berlin: Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, 1997.

———.“Cultural Transmission of Vocalizations in Ravens,
Corvus corax.
”
Animal Behaviour
64 (2002): 831-41.

Alaska State Library/39-1080/Case & Draper Photograph Collection 18; Tony Angell 25, 36, 68, 100; British Library 14 (Harley 4431), by permission of the British Library; Carl Cook vi, 6, 32, 80, 89; John Eastcott & Yva Momatiuk/National Geographic/Getty Images 71; Mary Evans Picture Library 35, 39, 40, 43, 51, 54, 67, 75, 84, 86, 94; Florence Collection ii, 3, 9, 10, 21, 22, 29, 30, 46, 72, 78, 83, 103; Barbara Hodgson 17; Gavin Hunt 26; Zora Neale Hurston Collection,

James Weldon Johnson Collection in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 104; Dennis Johnson, Papilio/ CORBIS 48; Library of Congress 4 (LC-USZC4-889), 53 (LC-USZC4-100077), 59 (LC-USZC4-861), 90 (LC-USZC4-8266), 96 Crows (LC-DIG-ggbain-01179); Charles Mason/Getty Images 56; Arthur Morris/ CORBIS 63; James R. Page i, 99; Arthur Rackham Collection /Mary Evans Picture Library 13, 44, 64; Franz R. and Kathryn M. Stenzel Collection of Western American Art, Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 60, 93; West Baffin Eskimo Cooperative Cape Dorset, Nunavut 76, reproduced with permission of West Baffin Eskimo Cooperative Cape Dorset, Nunavut.

{INDEX}

Abel, New Caledonian crow

Aboriginal myth, Australia

Africa

African-American

Alaska

altruism

AM, American crow

Apollo

Athena

Australia

Austria

Aves, class

Badb

Baglione, Vittorio

Betty, New Caledonian crow

birds, evolution of

brain size
See also
intelligence

Brown, Eleanor

Bugnyar, Thomas

caching

Caffrey, Carolee

California

calls.
See
vocalizations

Canada

Carolinas

carrion.
See
scavenging

cars as nutcrackers

catching crows

chimpanzee

coloration, of crows

convergence, evolutionary

cooperative breeding

copulation

“Corbeau et le Renard, Le,”

Coronis

Corvini

Corvus, constellation

Corvus,
genus

counting crows, rhyme

courtship

creation story, mythic scientific
See also
evolution

crow, American
See also
Crow, mythic

“Crow and the Mussel, The,”

“Crow and the Pitcher, The,”

crow, carrion
See also
Crow, mythic

“Crow Dance, The,”

crow, fish

crow, hooded

crow, house

crow, little

Crow, mythic and legendary: in Aboriginal Australian culture in France in ancient Greece in India in northern Native cultures in Tibet

crow, New Caledonian

crow, northwestern

Crow perfects the spear

crow, pied

crows, characteristics of

death, association of crows and ravens with of rooks with of crows
See also
life span; scavenging

deception

Denali National Park

Diamond, Jared M.

diet
See also
scavenging

dinosaurs

dispersal

displays, social

diversity, of crows

DNA
See also
genetics

dominance

Douglas-Home, H.

dropping objects

Druid Peak pack

eggs

emotion

Enggist, Peter

England

Eurasia
See also
Austria; French crow lore; Hungary; Japan; Scotland; Scandinavia; Spain; Switzerland

evolution of intelligence

“false caches,”

family structure.
See
cooperative breeding; group size

“feathered apes,”

fledging

flight, evolution of

Florida

folklore, defined
See also
myth and legend

French crow lore

friendship

Gaynor, Marion

genetics

Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm

group size

Haida raven

Hansl, carrion crow

hatching

Heinrich, Bernd

helpers at the nest
See also
cooperative breeding

Hugin and Munin, common ravens

Hugin and Munin, mythic

humans, relationship with crows

Hungary

Hunt, Gavin

Hurston, Zora Neale

Hydra, constellation

ice fishing

Idaho

India

individuality

individual recognition

instinct
See also
genetics

intelligence

IQ test, for ravens

jackdaw 2

Japan

jays

Kacelnik, Alex

LaFontaine

language

learning

life span

Lorenz, Konrad Z.

lying.
See also
deception

magpies

Maine

Mammalia, class

mammals, evolution of

mating

McGowan, Kevin

Merlin

Minnesota

myth and legend

nest defense in myth

nests and nestlings

New Caledonia

New York

North America
See also
Canada; United States

Northern Hemisphere

Odin

Oklahoma

Ovid

Pete, American crow

Pfister, Ueli

“plastic song,”

play

playing dead

Poseidon

predation

preening

Raven and the whale

raven, as verb

raven, Australian

raven, Chihuahuan

Raven Clan, Tlingit

raven, common
See also
Raven, mythic

“Raven Makes the First Person,”

Raven, mythic in ancient Greece in northern Native cultures in Scotland in Viking lore

“Raven Opens the Box,”

“Raven, The,”

raven, thick-billed

recruitment, to carcass

reptiles and reptilia

rook vocalizations

roosts and roosting

Saskatchewan

Sauropsida

Scandinavia

scavenging
See also
caching

Scotland

Seton, Ernest Thompson

“Seven Ravens, The,”

Shraadh

Silverspot, American crow

size, of crows

sociability

social affiliation

social displays

song
See also
vocalizations

songbirds

South Pacific

Spain

Stahler, Daniel

Stene-Tu, Mrs.

Stevens, John

strategy.
See
deception; recruitment, to carcass; XT, American crow

string pulling

“subsong,”

Switzerland

Synapsida

tactical deception
See also
deception

temperament

territories and territoriality

Theophrastus

“Three Crows, The,”

Tibetan folktale

Tlingit crow lore

tool manufacture and use in the laboratory in myth “true,”

tortoise, desert

tribe Corvini

trickery.
See
deception

“Twa Corbies, The,”

Twain, Mark

United Kingdom

United States

Valkyries

Viking raven lore

vocalizations as augury at carcass in crow song of Hansl of ravens of rooks

West Nile virus

Weston, Tiffany

witchcraft

wolf-raven partnership

XT, American crow

Yellowstone National Park

Yerkes, Robert M., and Ada W.

Yup’ik crow lore

Text copyright © 2005 by Candace Savage
Illustrations copyright © 2005 as credited

 

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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Savage, Candace, date.
Crows : encounters with the wise guys of the avian world / Candace Savage.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

eISBN : 978-1-926-81242-7

1. Crows. 2. Ravens. I. Title.
QL696.P2367S.8′64 C2005-902131-4

 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request

 

 

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts, the British Columbia Arts Council, and the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP) for our publishing activities.