Citizen Emperor (175 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 41 . | Auguste Fournier, Marie-Louise et la chute de Napoléon, contribution à la biographie de Marie-Louise (Paris, 1903), p. 2 n. 1; Schiel, Marie-Louise , pp. 29–30. |
| 42 . | Frédéric Masson, The Private Diaries of Empress Marie Louise, Wife of Napoleon I (New York, 1922), pp. 26–7. |
| 43 . | Leferme-Falguières, Les courtisans , pp. 110–14; David Chanteranne, ‘Les cérémonies du mariage’, in Lentz (ed.), 1810: le tournant de l’Empire , pp. 37–40. |
| 44 . | Jean Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise: correspondance (Paris, 2010), pp. 2, 4–5. |
| 45 . | Douglas Clark Baxter, ‘First Encounters: Bourbon Princes Meet their Brides: Ceremony, Gender and Monarchy’, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History , 22 (1995), 23–31. |
| 46 . | Turnbull, Napoleon’s Second Empress , pp. 44–5; Schiel, Marie-Louise , pp. 60–1. |
| 47 . | Joseph Alexander Freiherr von Helfert, Maria Louise, Erzherzogin von Oesterreich, Kaiserin der Franzosen (Vienna, 1873), p. 119; Napoleon to Marie-Louise (23 March 1810), in Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise , pp. 9–10. |
| 48 . | See Garnier, Murat, roi de Naples , pp. 17–18, for a portrait of Caroline. |
| 49 . | Constant, Mémoires , iv. pp. 247–8. Napoleon spent over 68,000 francs in 1810 on clothes, mostly associated with the wedding (Colombe Samoyault-Verlet, ‘The Emperor’s Wardrobe’, in le Bourhis (ed.), The Age of Napoleon , p. 203). |
| 50 . | Méneval, Mémoires , ii. pp. 333–4; Bausset, Mémoires anecdotiques , ii. pp. 7–8, 20–2; Charles de Clary-et-Aldringen, Souvenirs du prince Charles de Clary-et-Aldringen: trois mois à Paris lors du mariage de l’empereur Napoléon Ier et de l’archiduchesse Marie-Louise (Paris, 1914), p. 45; Baxter, ‘First Encounters’, pp. 25–6; Branda, Napoléon et ses hommes , pp. 379–82. |
| 51 . | Geneviève Chastenet, Marie-Louise: l’otage de Napoléon (Paris, 2005), p. 69. |
| 52 . | Gourgaud, Journal de Sainte-Hélène , ii. p. 273; Turnbull, Napoleon’s Second Empress , p. 53. |
| 53 . | Cited in Masson, Napoléon et les femmes , p. 308; James R. Arnold, Napoleon Conquers Austria: The 1809 Campaign for Vienna (Westport, Conn., 1995), p. 194. |
| 54 . | Derrécagaix, Le maréchal Berthier , ii. p. 370. |
| 55 . | Schiel, Marie-Louise , p. 16; Eduard Wertheimer, Die Heirat der Erzherzogin Marie Louise mit Napoleon I: nach ungedruckten Quellen (Vienna, 1882), pp. 17–18. |
| 56 . | Chastenet, Marie-Louise , pp. 90–1. |
| 57 . | Masson, L’impératrice Marie-Louise , p. 103. |
| 58 . | Masson, L’impératrice Marie-Louise , p. 109. |
| 59 . | Cornet, Souvenirs sénatoriaux , p. 58; André Marié, ‘Le mariage civil de Napoléon à Saint-Cloud’, Revue de l’Institut Napoléon , 72 (1959), 109–14; Chanteranne, ‘Les cérémonies du mariage’, pp. 37–50. |
| 60 . | Forrest, ‘Napoleon as Monarch’, p. 124; Cédric Istasse, ‘Les “mariages de la Rosière” dans le département de Sambre-et-Meuse: indices sur la réinsertion sociale des anciens soldats de Napoléon Ier’, Napoleonica. La Revue , 1:4 (2009), 11–29; Denise Z. Davidson, France after Revolution: Urban Life, Gender, and the New Social Order (Cambridge, Mass., 2007), pp. 40–1; Pfister, Les fêtes à Nancy , pp. 108–33. |
| 61 . | There is a sketch of the ‘temple’ in Clary-et-Aldringen, Souvenirs , p. 82. |
| 62 . | Stryienski (ed.), Memoirs of the Countess Potocka , pp. 200–2; Thibaudeau, Mémoires , p. 278; Savary, Mémoires , iv. pp. 295–6; Clary-et-Aldringen, Souvenirs , p. 83. |
| 63 . | Jacques-Olivier Boudon, ‘Napoléon, les catholiques français et le pape’, in Lentz (ed.), 1810: le tournant de l’Empire , pp. 132–3. |
| 64 . | Pasquier, Mémoires , i. p. 381. |
| 65 . | According to Grandmaison, Napoléon et les cardinaux noirs , p. 44. |
| 66 . | Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , ii. pp. 21–3 (3, 4 and 5 April 1810). |
| 67 . | Chastenet, Marie-Louise , p. 98. |
| 68 . | Clary-et-Aldringen, Souvenirs , pp. 78–80. |
| 69 . | There is a considerable body of work on Royal Entries. For France see: Cosandey, La reine de France , pp. 174–81; Pascal Lardellier, Les miroirs du paon: rites et rhétoriques politiques dans la France de l’Ancien Régime (Paris, 2003). |
| 70 . | Arlette Farge, La vie fragile: violence, pouvoirs et solidarités à Paris au XVIIIe siècle (Paris, 1992), pp. 26–7. |
| 71 . | Rowe, From Reich to State , p. 155. |
| 72 . | Mansel, Court of France , pp. 56–7. |
| 73 . | Gotteri, Napoléon , pp. 62–3. |
| 74 . | Woolf, Napoleon’s Integration of Europe , p. 75. |
| 75 . | Mansel, Court of France , p. 72; Martin-Fugier, La vie élégante , p. 82; Branda, Napoléon et ses hommes , pp. 101–2. |
| 76 . | Hélène Meyer, ‘De la rencontre à l’idylle sous les ors de Compiègne: à propos de l’exposition du bicentenaire’, in Lentz (ed.), 1810: le tournant de l’Empire , p. 247. On their stay at Compiègne, see also Bernard Chevallier, Anne Dion-Tenenbaum, Marc Desti et al., 1810: la politique de l’amour: Napoléon Ier et Marie-Louise à Compiègne (Paris, 2010). |
| 77 . | Hortense, Mémoires , ii. p. 72. |
| 78 . | According to Metternich to Francis (4 April 1810), cited in Schiel, Marie-Louise , p. 97. |
| 79 . | According to Metternich, cited in Schiel, Marie-Louise , p. 98. |
| 80 . | Schiel, Marie-Louise , pp. 106–8. |
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