Blood Brothers (54 page)

63
.
NYHT
, February 28, 1965.

64
. Hampton and Fayer, eds.,
Voices of Freedom
, 262–263.

65
. Ibid.

66
. Carson,
Malcolm X
, 396;
NYHT
, February 28, 1965.

67
. Goldman,
The Death and Life
, 302–303.

Epilogue

1
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 125.

2
.
LAT
, May 23, 1965; Lipsyte,
SportsWorld
, 93;
NYDN
, May 23, 1965.

3
. Lipsyte,
SportsWorld
, 105;
NYJA
, May 26, 1965.

4
. Tex Maule, “A Quick, Hard Right and a Needless Storm of Protest,”
SI
, June 7, 1965, accessed online at
http://www.si.com/vault/1965/06/07/607743/a-quick-hard-right-and-a-needless-storm-of-protest
.

5
. Ibid.;
NYHT
, May 26, 1965.

6
.
NYHT
, May 26, 1965;
NYJA
, May 26, 1965.

7
. Maule, “A Quick, Hard Right and a Needless Storm of Protest.”

8
. Jimmy Cannon, “Cassius Clay Is the Sixties,” in
The Muhammad Ali Reader
, ed. Gerald Early (New York: Robert Weisbach Books, 1998), 81–82.

9
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 144–145; Robert Lipsyte interview with author.

10
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 145–147.

11
. Ibid., 129–132;
NYT
, April 15, 1966, and April 27, 1966.

12
. Branch,
Pillar of Fire
, 602–604; Goldman,
The Death and Life
, 349–351.

13
. Lipsyte,
SportsWorld
, 119. For the Ali-Robinson encounter, see Kram,
Ghosts of Manila
, 35, 38, 41.

14
. Remnick,
King of the World
, 289–290.

15
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 142–147, 154, 166–173; Irwin Shaw, “Muhammad Ali and the Little People,”
Esquire
, November 1969, 124–125; Bingham and Wallace,
Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight
, 160.

16
.
MS
, April 4, 1969.

17
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 194;
MS
, April 11, 1969.

18
. Dick Schaap, “Muhammad Ali: Then and Now,” in
At the Fights: American Writers on Boxing
, ed. Kimball and Schulian (New York: Library of America, 2012), 215.

19
. Plimpton,
Shadow Box
, 137; Devin Gordon, “True Believer,”
Newsweek
, December 23, 2001, accessed at
http://www.newsweek.com/true-believer-148423
.

20
.
NYT
, November 9, 1974.

21
. For the exchange between Ali and his security team, see Kindred,
Sound and Fury
, 204.

22
. Branch,
Pillar of Fire
, 603.

23
. Hauser,
Muhammad Ali
, 295.

24
. Baldwin,
Notes of a Native Son
, 101; Lipsyte,
An Accidental Sportswriter
, 71.

25
. Ali with Ali,
The Soul of a Butterfly
, 84–85.

INDEX

ABC's Wide World of Sports
(TV program),
307

Accra, Ghana,
241–244
,
248

Adebo, Simeon O.,
217

Africa, anticolonialist movement,
137
,
259

     
trip by Ali,
241–247
,
251–259

     
trips by Malcolm,
245–253
,
270
,
278–279

African National Memorial Bookstore,
212
,
237

Afro-American Association,
133

Afro-Americans,
255
,
264
,
271
,
279

Aidala, Artie,
100–101

Ali, John,
20–21
,
34–35
,
61
,
144–146

     
suspected of turning FBI informant,
286

     
threatens, orders hit on, Malcolm,
264–265
,
268

Ali, Muhammad

     
Africa trip of,
241–247
,
251–259

     
army entrance exams failed by,
138
,
216
,
233
,
235
,
236

     
banished from boxing due to draft evasion,
306–308

     
criticizes NAACP and Civil Rights Act,
254–255

     
death threats against, after Malcolm's assassination,
298
,
300

     
draft refusal of,
306

     
dual identity,
275
,
277

     
fights of,
see specific fights

     
hernia of,
278
,
300

     
and Malcolm's assassination,
298
,
300
,
302

     
marries, divorces, Sonji Roi,
272
,
297–298
,
305

     
name change by Elijah Muhammad, with backlash,
218–219
,
221
,
223–228
,
233–236

     
predicts Muhammad's destruction of Malcolm,
276
,
282

     
as puppet in assassination plot to kill Malcolm,
284
,
290

     
refuses military induction, following Muhammad's order,
304–307

     
regrets rejecting, hurting, Malcolm,
309–310

     
splits from Malcolm, affiliates with Muhammad,
226–230
,
233–234
,
270–271

     
spokesman for the NOI,
267–268
,
271–272

     
as sixties icon,
304

     
as symbol of black pride,
xviii
,
228
,
238
,
255
,
277
,
310

     
See also
Clay, Cassius Marcellus, Jr.
;
Cassius X
;
specific fights and life events

Ali, Rahman.
See
Clay, Rudy

Ali–Foreman fight (1974),
308

Ali–Liston rematch (1965),
274
,
302–304

Ambassador Hotel, Accra, Ghana,
245–246
,
248
,
251

Ameer, Leon 4X,
268
,
270
,
282–284

Angelou, Maya,
248
,
251
,
252
,
279

anticolonialist movement in Africa,
137
,
259

Armageddon, Battle of,
18–19
,
27
,
59
,
310

Atlanta Mosque No.
15
,
14–15
,
20

Audubon Ballroom,
265
,
269
,
284
,
290
,
292

Autobiography of Malcolm X, The
(Malcolm X and Alex Haley),
xiv
,
xv
,
113

Baer, Max,
203

Baldwin, James,
xxi
,
46
,
80
,
82
,
114–115
,
196(epigraph)
,
309

Banks, Lucien “Sonny,”
49

Baraka, Amiri.
See
Jones, Leroi

Barnette, Aubrey,
66–67

Barone, Joseph “Pep,”
79

Basilio, Carmen,
4

Bassey, Hogan “Kid,”
256–257

Beach Boys, The,
76

Beatles, The,
168–170(photo)

Belkin, Gary,
130

Ben X,
262
,
292–293

Benjamin 2X,
29
,
62
,
294
.
See also
Goodman, Benjamin

Benny, Jack,
124

Benson, Harry,
169

Besmanoff, Willi,
47–48
,
51

Bimstein, Whitey,
49

Bingham, Howard,
153–154
,
198
,
244–245

Bingham, Worth,
98

Birmingham, Alabama

     
bombings,
110
,
132

     
freedom marchers attacked,
109

     
perceptions in Africa,
248–249

blacks

     
Ali/Clay as viewed by,
105–107
,
226–229

     
Malcolm as viewed by,
26
,
33
,
36
,
59
,
134
,
232
,
301

black athletes

     
and the civil rights movement,
111–112
,
200

     
Clay departs from prescribed role,
xvii
,
206

     
dominate sports,
224–225

     
revolt of,
xvii

     
support integration,
106
,
107

     
as US State Department goodwill ambassadors,
254

Black Muslims,
see
Nation of Islam

Black Muslims in America, The
(Lincoln),
132

Black Nationalism,
16
,
89
,
109–111
,
133
,
136–138
,
229
,
239

Black Power,
36
,
58

     
Ali/Clay as a symbol of,
105
,
259

     
activists inspired by Malcolm,
137

     
Malcolm dies in struggle,
301

     
“Message to the Grassroots” (Malcolm X),
137

Boston

     
Ali training in,
276–277

     
Ali's rematch against Liston moved from,
303

     
Ameer attacked in,
283

     
Malcolm living in,
xii
,
30
,
32

     
Stokes rally,
66

     
threats against Malcolm in,
265

Boston Temple No.
11
,
32
,
66–67

boxing

     
Clay as savior of,
42–43
,
70
,
85
,
96
,
102

     
closed-circuit broadcasts,
83
,
101
,
104
,
129
,
154
,
172
,
182
,
193

     
crime and,
74
,
75
,
77–80
,
184

     
an equal opportunity sport,
91
,
225

     
fatalities in,
70
,
73
,
74–75
,
80

     
interest declines in early ‘60s,
70
,
73–76
,
83

     
Malcolm's views on,
89

     
Muhammad's disapproval of,
21
,
234

     
promoters,
52–53
,
70
,
80
,
83
,
94
,
154–155
,
172
,
223
,
303

     
violence of,
73
,
74–75

Boxing Writers Association,
49–50

Braddock, James J.,
89
,
203

Bradley, Edmund,
285–286
,
287

Breslin, Jimmy,
300

Brooklyn,
127

Brown, Drew “Bundini”

     
introduced,
97

     
assists Clay/Ali,
178–179
,
277–278

     
attends Muhammad's public lecture,
134

     
at Clay–Jones fight,
100

     
at Clay–Liston fight,
191
,
194

     
joins Clay in pranking Liston,
153

Brown, Jim,
199–201

Brownsville, Florida,
156
,
158

Buck, Al,
84

Bunche, Ralph,
98

Butler, Norman 3X,
305

Cairo, Egypt,
246

Cannon, Jimmy,
84
,
94
,
121
,
124
,
168
,
180
,
224
,
275
,
278
,
304

Captain Edward (Edward 2X Sherrill),
285

Captain Joseph (Joseph Gravitt),
24
,
29
,
143

     
assigns Lukman X to kill Malcolm,
218

     
evicts Malcolm from home,
230–231

     
takes control of Harlem Mosque No.
7
,
148

     
warns Clay off Malcolm,
209

Captain Sam.
See
Saxon, Sam

Carbo, Frankie,
79–80

Carpenter, Harry,
214

Carson, Johnny,
95

Cassius X,
xi
,
xiii
,
162
,
171
,
211(photo)
,
214
,
217
,
227
,
311

     
See also
Ali, Muhammad
;
Clay, Cassius Marcellus, Jr.

Castro, Fidel,
6
,
43
,
53
,
68
,
211–212

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
144
,
249
,
288

Charlestown State Prison, Massachusetts,
30

Checker, Chubby,
53
,
96
,
196

Chicago

     
and Nation of Islam,
14–15
,
28
,
33
,
35
,
38
,
61–62
,
87–88

Christians, Christianity

     
Ali/Clay and,
54
,
205
,
233–234

     
Malcolm and,
x
,
xxiv
,
181

     
Nation of Islam and,
13
,
15
,
16
,
27
,
29
,
108
,
228

Chuvalo, George,
119

Civil Rights Act,
254

civil rights movement,
xxii
,
36
,
56
,
109–110

     
Clay and,
46
,
54
,
102–103
,
106
,
107
,
112
,
133
,
163
,
227

     
Malcolm and,
232
,
263
,
288

     
sit-ins,
12
,
35
,
63
,
104
,
137
,
220

     
Nation of Islam and,
34
,
59

Clarence X (Clarence Gill),
276
,
303

     
and Ali's hospitalization,
278

     
beats up Ameer,
282–283

     
plots to kill Malcolm,
270
,
282

     
terrorizes Black Muslims,
66–67

Clark, Kenneth,
114
,
115

Clark, LaMar,
10

Clay, Cassius Marcellus, Jr.

     
army entrance exams failed by,
138
,
216
,
233
,
235
,
236

     
boxing style of,
7
,
48
,
50
,
84
,
152
,
191