Bang!: A History of Britain in the 1980s (100 page)

19
 Turner,
Rejoice! Rejoice!
, p. 89.

20
 
The New Hope for Britain
, Labour Party manifesto, 1983, ‘Law, Order and Justice’ section.

21
 Quoted in Peter Gerard Pearse and Nigel Matheson,
Ken Livingstone or The End of Civilization As We Know It: A Selection of
Quotes, Quips and Quirks
(1982), p. 34.

22
 Victor Bailey, ‘Crime in Twentieth Century Britain’,
History Today
, 38, no. 5.

23
 Central Statistical Office,
Annual Abstract of Statistics
(1991), Table 4.3, p. 77.

24
 Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
, pp. 698–9.

25
 Central Statistical Office,
Annual Abstract of Statistics
(1991), Table 4.9, p. 81.

26
 
The Times
, 29 September 1985;
Guardian
, 30 September 1985;
The Crisis
, 92, no. 10, p. 58 (December
1985).

27
 
The Times
, 8 October 1985.

28
 
The Times
, 9 October 1985;
Guardian
, 9 October 1985.

29
 
Daily Telegraph
, 8 October 1985.

30
 Quoted in Andy McSmith,
No Such Thing as Society
(2010), p. 275.

31
 The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989, Inquiry by the Rt Hon. Lord Justice Taylor (HMSO, 1990), p. 5.

32
 Virginia Berridge,
AIDS in the UK, The Making of Policy 1981–1994
(1996), p. 232.

33
 
The Times
, 21 November 1984.

34
 
The Times
, 13 December 1986.

35
 
Daily Express
, 11 November 1986;
The Sun
, 11 November 1986, quoted in Berridge,
AIDS in the UK
, p. 110.

36
 Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie,
Stick It Up Your Punter!: The Rise and Fall of The Sun
(1991), p. 325.

37
 
The Times
, 10 January 1985.

38
 Author’s recollection.

39
 Berridge,
AIDS in the UK
, p. 1.

40
 Harrison,
Finding a Role?
, p. 218.

41
 Berridge,
AIDS in the UK
, p. 2.

42
 
The Times
, 13 December 1986.

43
 
The Times
, 12 December 1986.

44
 
The Times
, 13 December and 12 December 1986.

45
 Quoted in McSmith,
No Such Thing as Society
, p. 229.

46
 Turner,
Rejoice! Rejoice!
, p. 219.

47
 Richard Ingrams,
Muggeridge: The Biography
(1996), p. 243.

48
 
Don’t Die of Ignorance
, Government information leafl et (HMSO, 1986).

49
 Harrison,
Finding a Role?
, p. 215.

50
 Turner,
Rejoice! Rejoice!
, p. 219.

51
 
The Times
, 28 February 1981.

52
 
Guardian
, 21 March 2001.

53
 Matthew Parris,
Chance Witness: An Outsider’s Life in Politics
(2002), pp. 261, 265, 260.

54
 Tatchell later claimed that a Liberal activist had confessed to him that his party was behind the smear.
Independent
, 27
January 2006.

55
 
The Times
, 17 March 1987.

56
 Quoted in Turner,
Rejoice! Rejoice!
, p. 218.

57
 
New York Times
, 2 August 1988.

58
 Thatcher to David Frost, transcript of interview for TV-am, 30 December 1988, Margaret Thatcher Foundation.

59
 Peter Walker to the Rev. David Jenkins, Bishop of Durham, 5 October 1984; quoted in Francis Beckett and David Hencke,
Marching
to the Fault Line: The 1984 Miners’ Strike and the Death of Industrial Britain
(2009), pp. 136–7.

60
 
The Times
, 27 March 1989.

61
 Thatcher to Brian Walden, transcript of interview, Weekend World, 6 January 1980, Margaret Thatcher Foundation.

62
 
Faith in the City
, pp. 208, 209, 190, 187, 211–13.

63
 Quoted in Andrew Chandler,
The Church of England in the Twentieth Century: The Church Commissioners and the Politics of
Reform, 1948–1998
(2006), p. 433.

64
 Figures for England and Wales only. Dominic Hobson,
The National Wealth: Who Gets What in Britain
(1999), p. 912.

65
 Hobson,
The National Wealth
, p. 912.

66
 Figures for England and Wales only. Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
, Table 17.1, p. 589; Table
17.2, p. 590.

67
 Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
, Tables 17.2 and 17.3, pp. 601–2.

68
 National Trust figures for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
,
Table 17.18, pp. 610–11.

69
 Charities Aid Foundation, cited in Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
, p. 598.

70
 
Daily Telegraph
, 3 May 2010; David Rieff,
Prospect
magazine, July 2005. Contrary arguments to Rieff’s thesis
are offered by Brian Barder, Nicholas Winer and Jonathan Power in
Prospect
magazine, August 2005.

71
 As measured by the General Household Survey. C. Jarvis and R. Hancock, ‘Trends in Volunteering and the Implications for the
Future’, in Cathy Pharoah (ed.),
Dimensions of the Voluntary Sector
(1997).

72
 Halsey and Webb,
Twentieth-Century British Social Trends
, p. 616.

73
 House of Commons Library, ‘Oxbridge Elitism’, SN/SG/616, 9 January 2009, p. 5.

74
 
The Times
, 11 April 1989.

Chapter 13

1
 Arthur Scargill, interviewed by Dave Priscott,
Marxism Today
, April 1981.

2
 Scargill interview.

3
 Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
(1993), p. 339.

4
 Scargill to the NUM annual conference, 4 July 1983; quoted in Hugo Young,
One of Us: A Biography of Margaret Thatcher
(1991),
p. 367.

5
 Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5
(2009), pp. 676–7.

6
 Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm
, pp. 676–7.

7
 Nigel Lawson,
The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
(1992), p. 166.

8
 Scargill interview,
Marxism Today
, April 1981.

9
 
Sunday Times
, 10 June 1984.

10
 Francis Beckett and David Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line: The 1984 Miners’ Strike and the Death of Industrial
Britain
(2009), pp. 66–7

11
 Quoted in John Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 2: The Iron Lady
(2003), p. 357.

12
 Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, pp. 83–6.

13
 
The Times
, 19 June 1984.

14
 Quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 93.

15
 Testimony of Bernard Jackson; quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 97.

16
 Testimony of Bernard Jackson; quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 97.

17
 
The Times
, 19 June 1984.

18
 Quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 110.

19
 Quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 114.

20
 Thatcher, interview for
The Downing Street Years
, BBC (1993), quoted in Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 2
, p.
366.

21
 
The Times
, 18 June 1984.

22
 
The Times
, 18 June 1984.

23
 
The Times
, 18 May 1985.

24
 Thatcher to the Conservative Party conference, 12 October 1984, Margaret Thatcher Foundation.

25
 Thatcher to the 1922 Committee; quoted in
The Times
, 20 July 1984; rough notes for Thatcher’s speech reproduced on
Margaret Thatcher Foundation website.

26
 Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm
, pp. 677–8.

27
 
The Times
, 20 July 1984.

28
 Earl of Stockton to the House of Lords, 13 November 1984, Hansard, HL Deb. 5s., vol. CDLVII, cols 240–1.

29
 Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 353.

30
 Mick McGahey to the Scottish NUM, Usher Hall, Edinburgh, November 1984; quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault
Line
, p. 163.

31
 Mr Justice Nicholls, 10 October 1984; quoted Hansard, House of Lords, 11 December 1984, HL Deb. vol. 458, col. 156.

32
 Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm
, pp. 679–80; Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, pp. 175,
185.

33
 Interview with Roger Windsor in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 153; Andrew Neil,
Full
Disclosure
(1996), p. 338.

34
 The public divided 40 per cent in favour of the NCB and 33 per cent for the NUM in July 1984, but 51 per cent to 26 per cent by
December 1984. Anthony King and Robert J. Wybrow,
British Political Opinion 1937–2000: The Gallup Polls
(2001), p. 337.

35
 Quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 245.

36
 Peter Walker to Ian MacGregor, 12 February 1985; quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 191.

37
 Quoted in Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, pp. 206–7.

38
 Beckett and Hencke,
Marching to the Fault Line
, p. 211.

39
 Norman Tebbit,
Upwardly Mobile
(1989), p. 302.

40
 Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, pp. 377–8.

41
 Tony Benn, quoted in Alan Sked and Chris Cook,
Post-War Britain: A Political History
, fourth edition (1993), p. 452.

42
 Quoted in Graham Stewart,
The History of The Times
, vol. 7:
The Murdoch Years
(2005), p. 221.

43
 Stewart,
The History of The Times
, p. 219.

44
 S. J. Taylor,
An Unlikely Hero: Vere Rothermere and How the Daily Mail was Saved
(2002), p. 180; Stewart,
The History
of The Times
, p. 20.

45
 Quoted in Brian MacArthur,
Eddy Shah, Today, and the Newspaper Revolution
(1988), p. 205.

46
 Stewart,
The History of The Times
, pp. 224, 226

47
 Quoted in Stewart,
The History of The Times
, p. 237.

48
 Diana Wright, quoted in Roy Gleenslade,
Press Gang: How Newspapers Make Profits from Propaganda
(2003), p. 476.

49
 Quoted in Stewart,
The History of The Times
, p. 257.

50
 Quoted in Stewart,
The History of The Times
, p. 277.

51
 
The Times
, 7 April 1986; Stewart,
The History of The Times
, p. 278.

52
 Neil Chenoweth,
Virtual Murdoch: Reality Wars on the Information Highway
(2001), p. 63.

53
 
Guardian
, 2 September 1993.

54
 
The Long Good Friday
, film script by Barrie Keefe (Handmade Films, 1980).

55
 Lawson,
The View From Number 11
, pp. 444–6.

56
 Office of National Statistics.

57
 Richard Hyman, ‘Strikes in the UK: Withering Away?’, European Industrial Relations Observatory online, 28 July
1999.

58
 
Labour Market Trends
, Office for National Statistics (June 1999).

59
 Certification Office and Labour Force Survey.

60
 Alastair J. Reid,
United We Stand: A History of Britain’s Trade Unions
(2004), p. 407.

61
 Reid,
United We Stand
, p. 407.

62
 
Guardian
, 5 June 2000.

Chapter 14

1
 Nigel Lawson,
The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
(1992), p. 222.

2
 Peter Shore to the House of Commons, 2 May 1984, Hansard, HC Deb. Vol. 59, col. 354.

3
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 222.

4
 Pablo T. Spiller and Ingo Vogelsand, ‘Regulation, Institutions and Commitment in the British Telecommunications Sector’,
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 1241 (January 1994), p. 17.

5
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 224.

6
 Thatcher to the Conservative Party conference, 10 October 1986, Margaret Thatcher Foundation.

7
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 199.

8
 Lawson,
The View From No. 11
, p. 208.

9
 Richard Vinen,
Thatcher’s Britain: The Politics and Social Upheaval of the 1980s
(2009), p. 197