A Nation Betrayed: Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People (36 page)
Authors: Carol Rutz
Tags: #Law, #Constitutional Law, #Human Rights, #Politics & Social Sciences, #Politics & Government, #Specific Topics, #Intelligence & Espionage
BOOK: A Nation Betrayed: Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People
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6
Hunt op. cit, 100
Hunt op. cit, 100
7
Hunt op. cit, 218
Hunt op. cit, 218
8
Hunt op. cit., 226
Hunt op. cit., 226
9
Simpson, Christopher.
Blowback
,
America’s Recruitment of Nazis and Its Effects on the Cold War
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, New York, 1988, 28-29
Simpson, Christopher.
Blowback
,
America’s Recruitment of Nazis and Its Effects on the Cold War
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, New York, 1988, 28-29
10
September 28, 1994, Congressional Subcommittee Hearing
September 28, 1994, Congressional Subcommittee Hearing
11
Internet Resources on the Tuskegee Study, are at http://www.gpc.peachnet.edu/~shale/humanities/composition/assignments/experiment/tuskegee.html
Internet Resources on the Tuskegee Study, are at http://www.gpc.peachnet.edu/~shale/humanities/composition/assignments/experiment/tuskegee.html
12
DOE (Department of Energy) ACHRE Report Chapter 7
DOE (Department of Energy) ACHRE Report Chapter 7
13
DOE/EH-0473 SECTION- Fernald School Calcium Metabolism Studies (1948 to Early ‘50s)
DOE/EH-0473 SECTION- Fernald School Calcium Metabolism Studies (1948 to Early ‘50s)
14
Rothman
,
David and Sheila.
The Willowbrook Wars
, Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. 1984, 263
Rothman
,
David and Sheila.
The Willowbrook Wars
, Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. 1984, 263
15
Rivera
,
Geraldo.
Willowbrook
, Random House, 1972, 22-23
Rivera
,
Geraldo.
Willowbrook
, Random House, 1972, 22-23
16
Rothman op. cit, 265
Rothman op. cit, 265
17
In a January 31
Nation
column, Cockburn cites information made public due to a Church of Scientology F.O.I.A. request during the 1970s.
In a January 31
Nation
column, Cockburn cites information made public due to a Church of Scientology F.O.I.A. request during the 1970s.
18
William Silverman interview by Gail Javitt (ACHRE), transcript of audio recording, 20 March 1995(Research Project Series, Oral History Project)
William Silverman interview by Gail Javitt (ACHRE), transcript of audio recording, 20 March 1995(Research Project Series, Oral History Project)
19
Sidney Gottlieb’s deputy and the Chief of the CIA Records Center tried unsuccessfully to stop the destruction by Helms and Gottlieb, proof they were trying to conceal their wrongdoing.
Sidney Gottlieb’s deputy and the Chief of the CIA Records Center tried unsuccessfully to stop the destruction by Helms and Gottlieb, proof they were trying to conceal their wrongdoing.
20
Project Bluebird/Artichoke primary purpose was the study of special interrogation techniques-primarily hypnosis and truth serums and brainwashing. See CIS-1978-S421-l Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program of Research in Behavioral Modification, Appendix A, pg. 66, Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session, August 3, 1977
Project Bluebird/Artichoke primary purpose was the study of special interrogation techniques-primarily hypnosis and truth serums and brainwashing. See CIS-1978-S421-l Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program of Research in Behavioral Modification, Appendix A, pg. 66, Joint Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session, August 3, 1977
21
Subproject 136 of MKULTRA CIA Mori ID#17395 ESP Research, 1961 and 1962, declassified documents from CIA
Subproject 136 of MKULTRA CIA Mori ID#17395 ESP Research, 1961 and 1962, declassified documents from CIA
22
Kor, Eva Mozes. “Nazi Experiments as Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele’s Experiments,” as part of
When Medicine Went Mad, Bioethics and the Holocaust,
Edited by Arthur L. Caplan, Humana Press
Kor, Eva Mozes. “Nazi Experiments as Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele’s Experiments,” as part of
When Medicine Went Mad, Bioethics and the Holocaust,
Edited by Arthur L. Caplan, Humana Press
24
Taken from John Gittinger’s testimony before Congress, August 3, 1977, “Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program Of Research In Behavioral Modification” CIS-1978-S421-1, pg. 56
Taken from John Gittinger’s testimony before Congress, August 3, 1977, “Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program Of Research In Behavioral Modification” CIS-1978-S421-1, pg. 56
25
Declassified MKULTRA document CIA Mori ID 17436
Declassified MKULTRA document CIA Mori ID 17436
26
Lasby, Clearance. Switzerland: Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War,
Saturday Review
, Dec. 11, 1971, Atheneum Press, 1971;
Lasby, Clearance. Switzerland: Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War,
Saturday Review
, Dec. 11, 1971, Atheneum Press, 1971;
27
Simpson, Christopher.
Blowback,
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, 33
Simpson, Christopher.
Blowback,
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, 33
28
Ibid., 34
Ibid., 34
29
Ibid., 36-37
Ibid., 36-37
30
Jackson Citizen Patriot
, Tuesday, March 14, 2000, “Sterling Heights man deported as Nazi”, Compiled from the Associated Press
Jackson Citizen Patriot
, Tuesday, March 14, 2000, “Sterling Heights man deported as Nazi”, Compiled from the Associated Press
31
Bird
,
Kai.
The Chairman
, Simon & Schuster, 1992, 353
Bird
,
Kai.
The Chairman
, Simon & Schuster, 1992, 353
32
Mosley, Leonard
. Dulles
, Dial Press, 1978, 275
Mosley, Leonard
. Dulles
, Dial Press, 1978, 275
33
On 9/20/2000 the CIA filed an affidavit in U.S. District Court “acknowledging an intelligence relationship with German General Reinhard Gehlen that it has kept secret for 50 years.” The CIA’s acknowledgement of its dealings with Gehlen came in a response to an appeal of a Freedom of Information Act request by researcher Carl Oglesby, the National Archives said.
On 9/20/2000 the CIA filed an affidavit in U.S. District Court “acknowledging an intelligence relationship with German General Reinhard Gehlen that it has kept secret for 50 years.” The CIA’s acknowledgement of its dealings with Gehlen came in a response to an appeal of a Freedom of Information Act request by researcher Carl Oglesby, the National Archives said.
34
Bird op. cit., 242-243
Bird op. cit., 242-243
36
Ibid., 346
37
Hersh
,
Burton.
The Old Boys
, Charles Scribner’s Sons, Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992, 183
38
Bar-Zohar, Michael
. The
Avengers,
NY, Hawthorn, 1967, 126
39
Simpson op. cit., 185
40
Hersh op. cit., 182
41
Hoffman
,
William.
David
, 1971 Lyle Stuart, Inc., 59
42
Collier Peter & Horowitz
,
David.
The Rockefellers, An American Dynasty,
Halt Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1976, 236
43
Ibid., 239
44
DAIG-IN 21-75, Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Research by the Inspector General, Department of the Army, pg. 154. For contract numbers see 163-166, 215
45
Life in His Father’s Shadow
,
The Blade
: Toledo, Ohio, February 15, 1998
46
DSM-IV, section 300.12: “Dissociative amnesia”
47
CIA Mori ID 140401
48
Allen W. Dulles appointed as Deputy Director for Plans in January 1951, with CIA. He was responsible for supervising both OPC (Office of Policy Coordination) and OSO (Office of Special Operations). In August 1952, these two merged to became the DDP (Directorate of Plans) and Dulles became Deputy Director of the CIA in charge of clandestine collection and covert action. In February 1953, Dulles became Director of the CIA. In August 1951, project Bluebird was renamed Artichoke and included in-house experiments on special interrogation techniques-primarily hypnosis and truth serums. CIS-1978-S421-1 Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program Of Research In Behavioral Modification pg. 68
49
A Dr. Noe was named in a declassified document from Edgewood Arsenal, MD. Dr. Noe coauthored a publication for the chemical Corps in 1949 entitled “Some relationships of structure to biological activity in the nitrogen mustards and related compounds.” May be found in Row 3; File Cabinet #19, Drawer #2, Command Historical Office, CBDCOM, Edgewood Arsenal, MD on page 48 under MUSTARD-19. I am still waiting on an appeal of a FOIA request to obtain more information on Dr. Noe.
50
In 1960 he became Chief of the Research and Development Component, in 1962 he became Deputy Chief of Technical Services Division, and 1966-1973 Chief of TSD.
51
CIA Mori ID 17448 dated April 20, 1954, MKULTRA Subproject 5 in Minneapolis, Minnesota with Alden Sears, pg. 30. Trips to Minneapolis were oftentimes extended to cover Detroit, Michigan, see below info from CIA Mori ID 144765
52
A CIA declassified memo from May 5, 1955 states, “Post-hypnotic suggestions reiterated during several sessions of hypnosis have been known to endure for years. A skilled operator with a good subject can not only find out completely about a subject’s past; he can cause the subject to re-enact a recruitment, training, briefing, etc. Perhaps less obvious is the possibility of using regression to build a new identity, and in some degree, a changed personality.”
53
Hersha, Cheryl and Lynn with Griffis, Ph.D., Dale and Swartz, Ted.
Secret Weapons, Two Sisters’ Terrifying True Story of Sex, Spies and Sabotage
, 52
54
CIA Mori ID 149566 dated November 21, 1951
CIA Mori ID 149566 dated November 21, 1951
55
CIA Mori ID 144765, Subject: Report of trip to Minneapolis, Minnesota and Detroit, Michigan, for Artichoke Purposes. The documents says,
15. “On 18 and 19 December 1952, the writer engaged in a series of discussions with (line deleted) Detroit, Michigan, concerning ARTICHOKE and the possible use of (several words deleted) in connection with ARTICHOKE experimentation and research. (Deleted) is a fully cleared consultant to this Agency.
16. In order to clarify and shorten explanations, some of the conversations with (deleted) are reduced to the question and answer form below:
Q: When we last talked (early summer 1952), you felt that deleted was an ideal place to carry out certain experimentation along lines of interest to us.”
56
Hersha op. cit., 40-41
57
Scheflin and Opton op. cit., 149
58
CIA Mori ID 140393 dated July 9, 1951
59
Abel
,
Allen.
Dr. Castaway,
Saturday Night Magazine
10 February 2001
60
Chapter Three
Chapter Three
Because of the hypnotism, I did not remember at that time any of the experiments that Dr. Sidney Gottlieb had performed on me. This CIA document Mori ID 140394 dated February 25, 1952, seems to clarify that this was what they were aiming at.
“Q: How far do you think individuals could be controlled by hypnosis?
A: Post-hypnotics will last twenty years and will be very strong if re-enforced from time to time.”
61
Eva Mozes Kor, Nazi Experiments as “Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele’s Experiments” as part of
When Medicine Went Mad, Bioethics and the Holocaust
,
edited by Arthur L. Caplan, Humana Press
Eva Mozes Kor, Nazi Experiments as “Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele’s Experiments” as part of
When Medicine Went Mad, Bioethics and the Holocaust
,
edited by Arthur L. Caplan, Humana Press
62
This activity is outlined in Book I of the Church committee report, 388-389. (See Appendix A, 68-69).
63
CIS-1978-S421-1 Project MKULTRA, The CIA’s Program of Research in Behavioral Modification
64
Ibid., 7
65
Hersh, op. cit., 367, taken from an exchange of letters between John McCloy and Allen Dulles. See Mudd Library, Princeton University, March 16, 1950.
66
Containing Communism,
Encyclopedia Almanac
, 1970 (New York Times), 544.
67
Dulles Brothers,
New York Times
, April 29, 1966.
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