A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (77 page)

⁷⁰
Ibid., 237–8, 241–2; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 200–1.

⁷¹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 244.

⁷²
Ibid., 228; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 154; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 197.

⁷³
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 237, 244–5;
EHD
, iii, 171, 203.

⁷⁴
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 247–65; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 202–5.

⁷⁵
D. A. Carpenter, ‘A Noble in Politics: Roger Mortimer in the Period of Baronial Reform and Rebellion, 1258–1265,
Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe
, ed. A. J. Duggan (Woodbridge, 2000), 183–203; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 263–4.

⁷⁶
Ibid., 265–8.

⁷⁷
Ibid., 269.

⁷⁸
D. A. Carpenter,
The Battles of Lewes and Evesham 1264/65
(Keele, 1987), 18, 20, 22–3;
EHD
, iii, 175.

⁷⁹
Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 24–7, 30–1.

⁸⁰
Ibid., 27, 30.

⁸¹
Ibid., 31–2;
EHD
, iii, 905.

⁸²
Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 32–4;
Political Songs
, 69–70.

⁸³
EHD
, iii, 900; Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 26–7.

⁸⁴
Ibid., 34–5; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 126–7.

⁸⁵
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 272–3.

⁸⁶
Ibid., 280–2;
EHD
, iii, 174, 207.

⁸⁷
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 289–91, 306–8; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 47.

⁸⁸
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 220, 264, 285, 288, 302–3, 307, 312.

⁸⁹
Ibid., 318–22, 338, 364;
EHD
, iii, 180–1.

⁹⁰
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 329–33.

⁹¹
Ibid., 333–4; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 49.

⁹²
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 334–9.

⁹³
Ibid., 339.

⁹⁴
Ibid., 339–40; O. de Laborderie, J. R. Maddicott and D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Last Hours of Simon de Montfort: A New Account’,
EHR
, 115 (2000), 396.

⁹⁵
Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 50–4.

⁹⁶
Ibid., 58–9.

⁹⁷
Laborderie, Maddicott and Carpenter, ‘Last Hours of Simon de Montfort’, 395–406 is the most accurate reconstruction of these events.

⁹⁸
Ibid., 391, 400, 404; Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 59.

⁹⁹
Ibid., 58, 63–4.

¹⁰⁰
Ibid., 65–6; Laborderie, Maddicott and Carpenter, ‘Last Hours of Simon de Montfort’, 403, 405, 411.

¹⁰¹
Ibid., 406; Powicke,
Henry III
, 502; Carpenter,
Battles of Lewes and Evesham
, 64.

¹⁰²
Laborderie, Maddicott and Carpenter, ‘Last Hours of Simon de Montfort’, 403, 411–12.

CHAPTER 3: CIVIL PEACE AND HOLY WAR

¹
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 346–7, 367–8.

²
Ibid., 336–7, 342; Powicke,
Henry III
, 505;
EHD
, iii, 183.

³
Trivet, 266;
Royal and Other Historical Letters Illustrative of the Reign of Henry III
, ed. W. W. Shirley (2 vols., Rolls Series, 1862–66), ii, 291;
CR, 1264–68
, 131; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 67–8.

⁴
C. H. Knowles, ‘The Resettlement of England after the Barons’ War, 1264–67’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 5th series, 32 (1982), 25–6.

⁵
Studd,
Itinerary
, 85–6;
Royal and Other Historical Letters
, ed. Shirley, ii, 289–90.

⁶
Powicke,
Henry III
, 505–8; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 335.

⁷
The Chronicle of William de Rishanger of the Barons’ Wars
, ed. J. O. Halliwell (Camden Society, 1st series, xv, 1840), 49; Knowles, ‘Resettlement of England’, 26.

⁸
EHD
, iii, 181n, 184.

⁹
Ibid., 184–5; Powicke,
Henry III
, 517–18; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 54.

¹⁰
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 199–205, 211–17, 232–4, 241.

¹¹
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 24–5; idem, ‘The Year of Eleanor of Castile’s Birth’, 258.

¹²
Powicke,
Henry III
, 518.

¹³
Ibid., 518, 526–7; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 229, 232.

¹⁴
Powicke,
Henry III
, 518–19, 529–30.

¹⁵
EHD
, iii, 904–5.

¹⁶
Powicke,
Henry III
, 519, 521.

¹⁷
Ibid., 521–2;
EHD
, iii, 186–8.

¹⁸
Ibid., 189;
AM
, iv, 187; Powicke,
Henry III
, 520–2, 531.

¹⁹
Ibid., 522–3;
EHD
, iii, 190–1; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 234–5.

²⁰
Powicke,
Henry III
, 531.

²¹
EHD
, iii, 191; Studd,
Itinerary
, 97.

²²
Ibid.; Powicke,
Henry III
, 532;
EHD
, iii, 193.

²³
Powicke,
Henry III
, 532–8;
EHD
, iii, 192.

²⁴
Powicke,
Henry III
, 538–9;
EHD
, iii, 193.

²⁵
Powicke,
Henry III
, 539–41; Studd,
Itinerary
, 100.

²⁶
AM
, iv, 197;
DNB
, lvi, 387.

²⁷
Edward was at Pontefract on 21 March: Studd,
Itinerary
, 100.
AM
, iv, 197–8;
DNB
, lvi, 387.

²⁸
AM
, iv, 196.

²⁹
EHD
, iii, 193–4.

³⁰
Flores
, iii, 15; Powicke,
Henry III
, 543–4; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 238–40.

³¹
EHD
, iii 194–6; Powicke,
Henry III
, 545–6.

³²
EHD
, iii, 121–2, 194, 197;
AM
, iv, 211.

³³
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 60; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 178.

³⁴
AM
, iv, 212.

³⁵
Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 144–51.

³⁶
Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 113; Powicke,
Henry III
, 562.

³⁷
Ibid., 541, 562. In general, the number of former Montfortians that took the cross was minimal. Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 126–32.

³⁸
Ibid., 115, 201–7.

³⁹
Ibid., 146–7, 232; Powicke, 562n.

⁴⁰
H. A. Wait, ‘The Household and Resources of the Lord Edward’ (D. Phil. thesis, Oxford, 1988), ch. 8, v; Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 115.

⁴¹
Ibid., 114, 147; Powicke,
Henry III
, 557, 562.

⁴²
Parsons, ‘Year of Eleanor of Castile’s Birth’, 259; Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 77–8.

⁴³
J. Riley-Smith,
The Crusades: A Short History
(New Haven and London, 1987), 12–13.

⁴⁴
Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade
, 16–23.