A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (87 page)

²³
CDS
, ii, 267 (no. 1044);
PW
, 306–7.

²⁴
Foedera
, I, ii, 885–6;
Documents 1297
, 183–4 (no. 193).

²⁵
Watson,
Hammer
, 53, 56;
Itinerary
, ii, 119.

²⁶
Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 168;
PW
, 65; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 431–2; Guisborough, 324.

²⁷
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 479;
AM
, iv, 536;
RCWL
, 133;
EHD
, iii, 244.

²⁸
Fisher,
William Wallace
, 119, 126; Guisborough, 324–6.

²⁹
Guisborough, 326–7.

³⁰
Ibid., 327–8. Barrow,
Bruce
, 101, 345n.

³¹
Trivet, 281–2, 372; Guisborough, 327–8.

³²
Ibid., 327–8.

³³
Ibid., 328. Barrow,
Bruce
, 102. The myth of noble treachery began with Fordun in the fourteenth century, and was, of course, massively reinforced by
Braveheart
.

³⁴
Watson,
Hammer
, 67.

³⁵
Ibid.; Barrow,
Bruce
, 101–3; Guisborough, 328–9;
Itinerary
, ii, 126.

³⁶
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 191, 204; Guisborough, 329 (cf. Watson,
Hammer
, 68, 95 and
NHI
, 199).

³⁷
Watson,
Hammer
, 68; Guisborough, 329;
PW
, 317;
EHD
, iii, 248.

³⁸
Watson,
Hammer
, 69–70, 77; Guisborough, 329;
Itinerary
, ii, 127–30.

³⁹
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 92, 197–8.

⁴⁰
EHD
, iii, 338, 347.

⁴¹
PROME
, 87; Guisborough, 324;
PW
, 397.

⁴²
D. A. Carpenter,
The Minority of Henry III
(London, 1990), 384–5, 392–3.

⁴³
PW
, 78–9; Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 650–2;
DNB
, vi, 444. Guisborough, 329, thought that the earl of Hereford supported the opposition in 1299, but was probably as confused as Langtoft (
EHD
, iii, 245–6). Cf. below, 375.

⁴⁴
Guisborough, 329–30;
Bury
, 151;
Itinerary
, ii, 135.

⁴⁵
EHD
, 491–4; Guisborough, 330;
CPR, 1292–1301
, 403.

⁴⁶
PW
, 80; Williams,
Medieval London, 260–2; PROME
, 92.

⁴⁷
Bury
, 152 (cf. Guisborough, 330);
Itinerary
, ii, 138;
Foedera
, I, ii, 904–5;
RCWL
, 137; NA SC6/922/6;
Chepstow Castle: Its History and Buildings
, ed. R. Turner and A. Johnson (Logaston, 2006), 168, 285.

⁴⁸
CPR, 1292–1301
, 424;
AM
, iv, 541.

⁴⁹
Salzman,
Edward I
, 147;
Foedera
, I, ii, 906–7; E. H. Hallam,
English
Royal Marriages: The French Marriages of Edward I and Edward II: 1299
and 1307
(HMSO, 1982).

⁵⁰
Bury
, 153 (Bigod had returned to East Anglia in August: NA SC6/1000/20); Prestwich,
Edward I
, 521.

⁵¹
HBC
, 465, 468, 477, 486.

⁵²
PW
, 321–4.

⁵³
Barrow,
Bruce
, 103–4, 145.

⁵⁴
CDS
, ii, 279 (no. 1101); Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 651.

⁵⁵
Foedera
, I, ii, 906;
DNB
, xxx, 172; Barrow,
Bruce
, 107.

⁵⁶
Watson,
Hammer
, 80–90.

⁵⁷
Guisborough, 332.

⁵⁸
Watson,
Hammer
, 88–9;
RCWL
, 138–9;
Bury
, 154.

⁵⁹
PW
, 325–6; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 530–1.

⁶⁰
Ibid., 483–4.

⁶¹
PROME
, 93;
EHD
, iii, 246, 248. See also Guisborough, 332. Rishanger, 402–3, is rendered suspect by idem, 445–6, and vice versa (see below, n. 77).

⁶²
PW
, 82–4; Watson, 92–3.

⁶³
Rishanger, 404–5; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 522–3.

⁶⁴
Bury
, 154;
EHD
, iii, 495–501.

⁶⁵
PW
, 397;
CPR, 1292–1301
, 506;
AM
, iv, 544.

⁶⁶
PW
, 327–8.

⁶⁷
PW
, 330–9, 341–2; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 523.

⁶⁸
PW
, 326, 329; C. M. Fraser,
A History of Antony Bek
(Oxford, 1957), 139–40;
Bury
, 156;
EHD
, iii, 247;
Documents and Records illustrating the History of Scotland
, ed. F. Palgrave (HMSO, 1837), 218–19.

⁶⁹
Watson,
Hammer
, 104 (extrapolated from Prestwich,
Edward I
, 484–5); Prestwich,
Edward I
, 479, 485–6;
PW
, 343;
CPR, 1292–1301
, 526, 534; Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 386, says the subsidy was £2,400.

⁷⁰
Roll of Arms… Caerlaverock
, ed. T. Wright (London, 1864), 1.

⁷¹
Watson,
Hammer
, 68, 74, 81, 87, 107–8; D. Grove,
Caerlaverock Castle
(2nd edn, Edinburgh, 2004), 18–19, 23–5; Strickland, ‘Law of Arms’, 71.

⁷²
PW
, 344–5; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 486, 489;
Itinerary
, ii, 160.

⁷³
Ibid., 160–1; J. S. Richardson,
Sweetheart Abbey
(2nd edn, Edinburgh, 1995), 2–4, 8; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 491.

⁷⁴
Ibid., 332, 395;
EHD
, iii, 504.

⁷⁵
Denton,
Winchelsey
, 179; Barrow,
Bruce
, 116;
Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1174–1328
, ed. E. L. G. Stones (2nd edn, Oxford, 1970), 162–75.

⁷⁶
AM
, iv, 547;
WPF
, 96; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 490;
Itinerary
, ii, 161. For a much later report of Edward’s reaction to the pope’s letter, see
Thomae Walsingham, quondam monachi Sancti Albani, Historia Anglicana
, ed. H. T. Riley (2 vols., Rolls Series, 1863–66), i, 82.

⁷⁷
CDS
, v, 162 (no. 226);
AM
, iv, 547; cf. Rishanger, 445–6, dubious because repeated from idem, 402–3 (see above, n. 61).

⁷⁸
PW
, 88–91.

⁷⁹
K. Staniland, ‘Welcome, Royal Babe! The Birth of Thomas of Brotherton in 1300’,
Costume
, 19, (1985), 1–13; Barrow,
Bruce
, 114;
Foedera
, I, ii, 924–5.

⁸⁰
EHD
, iii, 249; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 525.

⁸¹
Ibid., 527.

⁸²
CCR, 1296–1302
, 410; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 527;
EHD
, iii, 347.

⁸³
PROME
, 98.

⁸⁴
EHD
, iii, 249–50, 510–12.

⁸⁵
Rishanger, 460; J. R. Maddicott, ‘“1258” and “1297”: Some Comparisons and Contrasts’,
TCE
, ix (2003), 1–14.

⁸⁶
Ibid., 13.

⁸⁷
EHD
, iii, 250; Watson,
Hammer
, 114–15.

⁸⁸
Ibid.;
PW
, 347–8;
Itinerary
, ii, 170–2;
DNB
, xvii, 772.

⁸⁹
RCWL
, 147;
Foedera
, I, ii, 922, 928 (for more details see M. C. L. Salt, ‘List of English Embassies to France, 1272–1307’,
EHR
, 44 (1929), 274); T. S. R. Boase,
Boniface VIII
(London, 1933), 211, 271; Denton,
Winchelsey
, 200–1.

⁹⁰
H. Johnstone,
Edward of Carnarvon, 1284–1307
(Manchester, 1946), 13, 51, 55–63, 73; Salzman,
Edward I
, 157–8;
CDS
, ii, 305 (no. 1191).