The Wives: The Women Behind Russia's Literary Giants (50 page)

633.

Ibid., 104.

634.

Ibid., 108–10.

635.

Marietta Chudakova,
Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova
(Moskva: Kniga, 1988), 371.

636.

Vospominaniya o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, ed. E.S. Bulgakova (Moskva: Sovetskij pisatel’, 1988), 387.

637.

Mikhail Bulgakov,
The Master and Margarita
, 216.

638.

Evgeny Shilovsky’s letter to Sergei and Alexandra Nurenberg, September 3, 1932. Russian State Library, Manuscript Department, f. 562, 62, 56.

639.

Ellendea Proffer,
Bulgakov: Life and Work
(Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1984), 345.

640.

Anatoly Shvarts,
Zhizn’ i smert’ Mikhaila Bulgakova
(Tenafly, N.J.: Ermitazh, 1988), 34.

641.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 157.

642.

Ibid., 158.

643.

Ibid.

644.

Ibid., 190.

645.

Marietta Chudakova, Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova, 388.

646.

Nikolai Erdman and Vladimir Mass, Soviet playwrights.

647.

Diminutive from Mikhail.

648.

Diminutive from Sergei.

649.

Dnevnik Eleny Bulgakovoi
, 53-54.

650.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 168.

651.

Ibid., 165.

652.

Ibid., 189.

653.

Ibid., 212.

654.

Ibid., 198.

655.

Vospominaniya o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 389.

656.

Punin was Akhmatova’s third (common-law) husband.

657.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 214.

658.

Ibid., 220.

659.

Ibid., 221.

660.

Marietta Chudakova,
Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova
, 435.

661.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 254.

662.

Marietta Chudakova, Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova, 443.

663.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 258.

664.

Although in her diary Elena recorded the news about Neelov’s death in 1935, this may have been a mistake. On other instances, she wrote that he died in 1936.

665.

Marietta Chudakova, Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova, 449.

666.

MB letter to EB, June 15, 1938. Bulgakov’s letters to Elena come from M.A. Bulgakov,
Sobranie sochinenij v pyati tomah
(Moskva: Hudozhestvannaya literatura, 1990), vol. 5. Translation is by the author.

667.

MB letter to EB, May 27, 1938.

668.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 272.

669.

MB letter to EB, June 15, 1938.

670.

MB letter to EB, June 14, 1938.

671.

MB letter to EB, July 30, 1938.

672.

Mikhail Bulgakov: A Life in Letters and Diaries
, 282.

673.

Ibid.

674.

Ibid., 234.

675.

Marietta Chudakova, Zhizneopisanie Mikhaila Bulgakova, 460.

676.

Ibid., 477.

677.

Ibid., 481.

678.

Vospominaniya o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 481.

679.

Russian State Library, Manuscript Department, f. 562, 33, 22.

680.

Vospominaniya o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 419.

681.

Colin Wright,
Mikhail Bulgakov: Life and Interpretations
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978), 255.

682.

Lydia Yanovskaya,
Zapiski o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 255.

683.

EB letter to Lugovskoy, June 20, 1943. Translation is by the author.

684.

Russian State Library, Manuscript Department, f. 562, 33, 22.

685.

Sergei Ermolinsky,
Dramaticheskie sochineniya
(Moskva, 1982), 199.

686.

Vospominaniya o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 381.

687.

Elena recorded Tvardovsky’s visit on a separate sheet with a date “October 19.” The next entry, dated October 20, tells about Solzhenitsyn’s and Natalya Reshetovskaya’s visit to her apartment after publication of
Ivan Denisovich
. Russian State Library, Manuscript Department, f. 562, 29. 11.

688.

EB letter to Nikolai Bulgakov, September 7, 1962. Translation is by the author.

689.

Ibid.

690.

Vladimir Lakshin,
Vtoraya vstrecha
(Moskva: Sovetskij pisatel’, 1984), 359–60.

691.

Ibid., 356.

692.

Lydia Yanovskaya,
Zapiski o Mikhaile Bulgakove
, 294.

693.

Russian State Library, Manuscript Department, f. 562, 28, 23.

694.

Komsomol´skaya Pravda
, December 31, 1994.

695.

Ibid.

696.

Argumenty i Facty
, December 1997, N 50 (895).

697.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
(Moskva: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2008), 497.

698.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
Invisible Allies
(Washington: Counterpoint, 1995), 197. Unless otherwise indicated, citations from Solzhenitsyn in this chapter come from this source.

699.

Solzhenitsyn married Reshetovskaya in 1940. She divorced him while he was serving his sentence, and they were remarried in 1957.

700.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 611.

701.

D.M. Thomas,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), 365.

702.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 626.

703.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
The Oak and the Calf
(London: Collins and Harvill Press, 1980), 294.

704.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 622.

705.

Ibid., 642.

706.

Russian television documentary
On the Last River Reach
aired on Solzhenitsyn’s eighty-fifth birthday, December 11, 2003.

707.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 649.

708.

Galina Vishnevskaya,
Galina: A Russian Story
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 404.

709.

Galina Vishnevskaya,
Galina
, 405.

710.

Apartment No. 169 in Kozitsky Lane No. 2; for a while, the headquarters of the Russian Social Fund. This apartment is expected to become Solzhenitsyn’s museum.

711.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 658–59. Solzhenitsyn tells the entire story in his memoir,
The Grain Fell Between the Two Millstones
.

712.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 662.

713.

Ibid., 666.

714.

For information on this episode I am indebted to Michael Scammell,
Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
(New York: W.W. Norton, 1984), 758.

715.

Solzhenitsyn Files
, ed. Michael Scammell (Chicago: Edition q, 1995), 213.

716.

Michael Scammell,
Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
, 760.

717.

Galina Vishnevskaya,
Galina
, 405.

718.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 672.

719.

D.M. Thomas, Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life, 391.

720.

Komsomol’skaya Pravda
, June 20, 1992.

721.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
, film directed by Françoise Wolff (Montreal, QC: Ciné Fête c1999).

722.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
The Oak and the Calf
, 390-91.

723.

Hans Björkegren,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
(New York:
The Third Press
, 1972), 117.

724.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
The Oak and the Calf
, 410.

725.

Ibid., 421.

726.

Ibid., 450.

727.

Ibid., 444.

728.

Andrei Sakhakov,
Memoirs
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1990), 407.

729.

Michael Scammell,
Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
, 856.

730.

Literaturnaya gazeta
, September 9, 1998.

731.

The Russian Social Fund is now helping more than a thousand former political prisoners.

732.

D.M. Thomas,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life
, 423.

733.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 729.

734.

Ibid., 733.

735.

Michael Scammell,
Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
, 821.

736.

Interview,
Komsomol´skaya Pravda
, June 20, 1992.

737.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn,
The Grain Fell Between the Two Millstones, Novy mir
, No. 9, 2000. Translation is by the author.

738.

Literaturnaya gazeta
, April 5, 1995. Solzhenitsyn used colored pencils for different writing tasks.

739.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 742.

740.

Michael Scammell,
Solzhenitsyn: A Biography
, 980.

741.

Argumenty i facty
, December 1997, N 50.

742.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 780.

743.

Andrei Sakharov,
Memoirs
, 408–09.

744.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 790.

745.

Ibid., 787.

746.

Ibid., 792.

747.

Ibid., 798.

748.

Joseph Pearce,
Solzhenitsyn: A Soul in Exile
(London: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999), 258.

749.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 805.

750.

D.M. Thomas, Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Century in His Life, 504.

751.

Lyudmila Saraskina,
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
, 814.