Stalin and His Hangmen (99 page)

Vovsi, Dr Meer,
356
,
436

Voznesensky, Nikolai,
421
,
431
,
455

Vrangel, General Piotr,
171

Vvedensky, Aleksandr,
122

Vyshinsky, Andrei: in prison with Stalin,
34
; qualities and background,
157
–8; and show trials,
157
–9,
306
; admitted to Academy of Sciences,
170
; and Kirov murder,
242
; and prosecutions in Kirov murder,
245
,
247
; prevails over Krylenko,
251
; and trial and execution of Kamenev and Zinoviev,
267
–71,
308
; supports Iagoda,
275
; prosecutes Iagoda,
278
; awarded Serebriakov’s dacha,
307
; and trial of Bukharin and Rykov,
310
; appears in film,
311
; prosecutes Red Army commanders,
315
; and end of Great Terror,
326
; government positions,
349
; works with Beria,
349
,
485
; Meierkhold protests to,
354
; academic control,
355
; dissembles over fate of Polish officers,
369
; in wartime evacuation to Samara,
388
; and trial of Polish leaders,
400
; orders killing of Wallenberg,
402
; and purging Bible of anti-Soviet sentiments,
405
; heads Foreign Ministry,
427
,
439
; Stalin esteems,
438
–9; and proseution of Rajk,
440
; betrays subordinates,
474

Wallenberg, Raoul,
402

Warsaw: 1944 rising,
399

Wells, H.G.,
209
,
222
–3,
471
;
The Time
Machine
,
323

White Sea canal,
83
,
177
,
212
,
222
,
224
,
275

Whitman, Walt,
43

Witte, Count Dergei,
32

Wołkowicki, General Jerzy,
366
,
388

women: in Cheka,
80
; status,
90
,
257
–60,
280
; wives employed in offical positions,
90
; protests by,
257
; executed,
388

Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate,
125

World War I,
42
,
53
,
81

World War II
see
Great Patriotic War

writers: failure to protest,
222
–3; Western,
223
–4; threatened and persecuted,
317
–20,
419
; in Georgia,
340
–3; wartime treatment of,
405
–9;
see also
literature

Xoxe, Koci,
439

Yalta conference (1945),
394

Yamamoto, Admiral Isoroku,
244

Yugoslavia: Germany attacks (1941),
381
; secret police in,
422
; separates from communist bloc,
435
–6; purges in,
441

Zabolotsky, Nikolai,
318
,
320
,
406
; ‘Triumph of Agriculture’,
184
,
192
,
222

Zaitsev, Major,
34

Zakovsky (Štubis), Leonid,
178
,
275
,
302
,
325

Zalpeter, Ans,
296

Zamiatin, Evgeni,
216

Zaporozhets, Ivan,
473

Zazubrin, Vladimir,
75
–6,
216
–17

Zbarsky, Dr Boris,
234

Zelikson, Tsetsilia,
27

Zelinsky, Korneli,
214
,
470

Zemliachka, Rozalia,
78
,
80
,
166
,
230
,
347
,
384
,
482

Zhdanov, Andrei: death,
47
,
430
–1,
433
,
436
; and Union of Writers,
216
–17; succeeds Kirov,
239
; and Kirov murder,
242
; and trial of Kamenev and Zinoviev,
272
; and arrest of Iagoda,
273
; and Great Terror,
286
; and Comintern purge,
316
; works with Stalin,
333
,
380
; and Beria’s renewed terror,
355
; commissions patriotic art works,
371
; attack on intelligentsia,
382
,
419
,
421
; instructed to restore order in arts,
408
; as Stalin’s prospective heir,
416
; and cinema,
420
; decline,
421
,
483

Zhdanov, V.A.,
65

Zhemchuzhina, Polina (Molotov’s wife),
91
,
196
,
426
–7,
429
,
439
,
443

Zhordania, Noe,
18

Zhukov, Marshal Georgi,
407
,
421
,
448
–9

Zhupakhin, Sergei,
296
,
468

Zhuravliov, Viktor,
484

Zhurbenko, Major Aleksandr,
278

Zinoviev, Grigori: Stalin meets,
38
–9; and Stalin’s Siberian exile,
40
–1; rule in Petrograd (Leningrad),
66
,
94
,
113
,
133
; in Politbiuro,
67
,
131
; Jewishness,
72
–3,
423
; in Abkhazia,
91
; and succession to Lenin,
93
,
126
,
145
; Dzierżyński attacks,
100
; represses peasants,
111
; supports deportation punishment,
114
; reads literature for publication,
118
; on Soviet centralization,
125
; Lenin criticizes,
126
; and criticisms of OGPU,
129
; debates at Party gatherings,
131
; criticizes Trotsky,
132
; dispute with Stalin and Bukharin,
132
–4,
465
–6; expelled from Party,
134
; war on peasants,
148
; and Bukharin,
153
,
155
; as patron of intellectuals,
164
; and treatment of Pavlov,
168
; seeks return to power,
173
; accused of responsibility for Kirov murder,
215
; tried and sentenced,
221
,
248
–50,
258
,
266
–71,
295
,
307
; recants,
228
; and Riutin,
232
; Kirov replaces in Leningrad,
240
; and Kirov murder,
243
,
248
; Stalin disparages,
246
; shot,
256
–8,
270
,
308
,
423
; Krupskaia and,
257
; Trotsky’s influence on,
264

Zionism,
423
,
427
,
441

Znamia
(journal),
419

Zoshchenko, Mikhail,
211
,
213
,
419
–20

Zubalovo (dacha),
91
,
464

Zubatov, Sergei,
36
,
137

Zvezda
(journal),
408
,
4190

Table of Contents

Cover

About the Author

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Illustrations

Chronology

Preface

Stalin and His Hangmen

ONE * The Long Road to Power

TWO * Stalin, DzierÈyński and the cheka

THREE * The Exquisite Inquisitor

FOUR * Stalin Solo

FIVE * Iagoda’s Rise

SIX * Murdering the Old Guard

SEVEN * The Ezhov Bloodbath

EIGHT * The Rise of Lavrenti Beria

NINE * Hangmen at War

TEN * The Gratification of Cruelty

Notes

Bibliography

Index