Stalin and His Hangmen (92 page)

Ezhova, Anna,
287
,
329

Ezhova-Khaiutina-Gladun-Feigenberg, Evgenia (Ezhov’s second wife): marriage to Ezhov,
291
–2; affairs,
322
,
326
; mental illness,
326
; death,
327

Fadeev, Aleksandr,
216
,
353
,
405
,
420
,
425
,
480

Fefer, Yitzak,
428
–9,
437

Feigenberg, Evgenia
see
Ezhova-Khaiutina-Gladun-Feigenberg, Evgenia

Feldman, General Boris, 314015

Feuchtwanger, Lion,
222
,
307

Field, Noel,
440

Finland: concentration camps in,
81
; winter war with USSR (1939–40),
316
,
365
,
370
,
379
;
see also
Inkeri Finns

Finns: killed by NKVD,
302

Firin, Semion,
212

five-year plans,
174
,
177

Ford, Henry,
174

Fotieva, Lidia (Lenin’s secretary),
461

France: OGPU/NKVD activities in,
171
,
372
; and German-Soviet military collaboration,
255

France, Anatole:
Sous la rose
,
19
,
45

Franco, General Francisco,
271

Frank, Semion,
115

Freeman, Maisie (daughter of Peterss)
see
Peterss, Maisie

Freeman, May (Mrs Jekabs Peterss),
70
,
462

Frenkel, Naftali,
83

Frinovsky, Mikhail,
75
,
83
,
130
,
180
,
204
,
276
,
302
,
325

Fritz-David, I.I.,
268

Frumkin, Mosei,
181

Frunze, Mikhail,
xxii
,
80
,
165
,
467
,
472

FSB,
456
–7

Fuchs, Klaus,
417

Fuchs, Nikolai,
356

Gai-Bzhishkian, Gai,
265
–6

Galich, Viktor: ‘Dance Song’,
293

Gamaleia, Nikolai,
429

Gamarnik, Ian,
187

Gamsakhurdia, Konstantine,
343
–4,
454
;
Davit Aghmashenebeli
,
16

Gamsakhurdia, Zviad,
454
,
479

Gangia, Razhden,
295

Gasviani, Lida,
343

Gautier, Théophile,
19

Gegechkori family,
438

genetics,
357
–8 genocide
see
ethnic cleansing and deportation

Georgia: conditions,
3
–4; resentment of Russian domination,
10
; influence on Stalin,
13
–19,
44
; Beria in,
15
,
49
,
294
,
334
–42; Red Army invades (1921),
89
; rebellion in,
125
; writers in,
340
–4; and composition of NKVD,
345
–6; Ingush and Chechens in,
392
; Beria’s waning powers in,
437
–8,
485
; rehabilitation under Beria’s post-Stalin administration,
445

Georgian Society for the Spreading of Literacy,
12

Georgian Union of Writers,
340
,
344

Gerasimovka (Urals village),
262

German Democratic Republic (East Germany),
446
,
448

German Social Democratic Party,
308

Germany: Holocaust denial in,
xx
; Soviet view of,
253
–4; military collaboration with USSR,
254
,
313
; NKVD network closed,
297
; preparations to invade USSR,
381
–2; prisoners of war deaths,
396
–7; post-war treatment of,
404
;
see also
Hitler, Adolf; Nazis

Germogen, Father (Georgi Efremovich Dolganiov), Bishop of Tobolsk,
11

Gerson, Vladimir,
99
,
463
–4

Gertsovsky, Arkadi,
366

Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe,
401
,
442

Giashvili (anarchist),
32

Gide, André,
223
,
341
,
352

Giers, Mikhail,
172

Gladun, Aleksei,
291
,
327

Glavlit,
118
–19,
163
–5,
226

Glazkov, Nikolai,
387

Glikina, Zinaida,
296

Gnedin, Evgeni,
353

Godless, The
(journal),
123

Goebbels, Joseph,
253
–4

Goering, Herbert,
256
,
474

Goering, Hermann,
254
,
369
,
425
,
474

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von:
Faust
,
420

Gogebashvili, Iakob,
11
,
459

Goglidze, Sergo,
345
,
417
,
435
–6,
443
,
448
,
452

Goldhagen, Daniel:
Hitler’s Willing
Executioners
,
xviii

Goldman, Julia,
61

Goldshtein, I.I.,
428

Golikov, General Filipp,
382
,
481

Golitsyn, Prince,
26

Goltsman, E.S.,
270

Golubov, Sergei,
407
–8,
445

Golubov-Potapov, Vladimir,
428

Gomułka, Władysław,
439

Gorbach, Grigori,
299

Gorbunov-Posadov, Ivan,
96

Gori, Georgia,
5
–6,
8
,
10
,
24
–5,
27

Gorky Literary Institute,
209

Gorky, Maxim: Dzierżyński visits,
62
; pleads for killing to stop,
95
; intercedes for persecuted artists,
111
,
113
,
215
–16; aids Bialik,
115
; and Lenin’s hostility to intellectuals,
115
; Lenin sends to foreign sanatorium,
117
–18; ordered to pass on literary skills,
164
; on persecution of Platonov,
169
; and countryside policy,
191
; Nizhni Novgorod birthplace,
201
,
209
; Iagoda brings back to USSR,
207
–12; Stalin’s attitude to,
207
–8,
470
; praises OGPU,
213
; Stalin visits,
214
; at first congress of Union of Writers,
216
–17; supports Iagoda,
218
–19; death and funeral,
220
–1,
277
,
436
,
471
; and death of son Max,
220
; supports Party line,
222
; gossip recorded by Prezent,
249
; acclaims Pioneer martyr,
262
; Iagoda accused of trying to poison,
277
; Menzhinsky visits,
465
; his diary,
193
,
469
;
The Artamonov Business
,
207
;
The
Lower Depths
,
109

Gottwald, Klement,
316
,
401
,
441

Gouge, Olympe de,
349

GPU (State Political Directorate): formed from Cheka,
96
,
114
; reads private correspondence,
119
; and trial of Tikhon,
122
–3;
see also
OGPU

grain: Stalin organizes supply,
85
; peasant reserves,
131
; exports,
184

Great Patriotic War: outbreak,
377
; effect on Soviet society,
386

Great Terror: show trials,
140
; Syrtsov and,
230
; Orjonikidze denounced in,
231
; Stalin’s policy on,
244
–5,
249
,
285
,
304
,
312
,
323
; beginnings,
285
; affects urban population,
299
–300; victims,
300
–4; effects,
323
; ends,
323
–4; Beria conducts in Caucasus,
339

Grebeniukova, Vera (‘Dora’),
80

Greece: civil war,
422

Green Anthology, The
,
108

Griaznov, General Fiodor,
29

Grigoriev, Iosif,
483

Grigulevich, Iosif,
373
,
426
,
481
,
484

Grishaev, P.I.,
437

Grishashvili, Ioseb,
342
,
479

Groman, Vladimir,
162

Gronsky, Ivan,
204

Grossman, Vasili,
437

Guberman, Misha,
196

Gukasov, Abram,
161

GULAG: beginnings,
176
; Iagoda’s plans for,
205
; numbers committed to,
235
,
350
,
402
; economic role,
265
,
397
; Ezhov expands,
300
–1; mortality in,
301
,
350
,
395
–6,
403
; wartime conscriptions from,
389
; German prisoners of war in,
397
; Soviet prisoners of war and citizens sent to,
402
–3; prisoners welcome Stalin’s death,
442
; Beria’s amnesty for,
444
–5,
451
; fate of survivors,
456

Gulst, Veniamin,
350
–1

Gumiliov, Nikolai,
90
,
113
,
118
,
128

Gveseliani, Euphemia (Pepo; Stalin’s cousin),
8

Gveseliani, Iakob,
8

Gvishiani, Mikeil,
345
,
393
,
431
,
454
,
482

Haas, Dr,
348

Hardy, Thomas:
Far from the Madding
Crowd
,
324

Harte, Robert Sheldon,
373
,
481

Heisenberg, Werner,
417

Helbardt, Ludwig,
366

Helman, Hans,
356

Hemshin people,
395

Hill, Christopher,
184

Himmler, Heinrich,
84
,
135

Hiroshima,
382
,
409
,
417

Hitler, Adolf: compared with Stalin,
xviii
–xix,
251
–4; war on Jews,
148
; rise to power,
198
,
209
; on degenerate art,
224
,
252
; Soviet hostility to,
235
,
474
; and outcome of war,
244
; anti-Soviet speech,
253
; use of terror,
253
; secret dealings with Stalin,
256
; invades Rhineland,
271
; mass murders,
286
; and closure of NKVD network in Germany,
297
; Stalin’s 1939 pact with,
351
,
359
; invades USSR,
361
,
370
,
377
,
387
; proposes peace terms,
390
;
Mein
Kampf
,
371

Hobbes, Thomas, xix

Hoxha, Enver,
439
,
441

Hungary,
401
–2,
439
,
446

Iagoda, Esfir,
201

Iagoda, Genrikh: under Stalin’s orders,
xvii
,
95
,
195
,
197
–200,
203
; Jewishness,
73
,
278
,
469
; and Red Army shortages,
75
; in Cheka,
84
; stays with Lakoba,
91
–2; and Trotsky’s absence from Lenin’s funeral,
93
; and abolition of death penalty,
95
; and currency difficulties,
97
; concern for Dzierżyński,
99
; assists Menzhinsky,
107
,
135
; and deportation of intellectuals,
116
,
470
; in campaign against Church,
123
; on expulsion of profiteers,
128
; has prisoners shot,
130
; and conduct of trials,
140
,
160
,
162
; in campaign against peasants,
149
–50,
172
,
178
–9,
182
,
187
; and Bukharin,
153
–4; arranges Shakhty trial,
156
; executions,
159
; allows Mikhail Chekhov to go abroad,
167
; and deportation of Trotsky,
173
; sets up labour camps,
176
,
186
; suborns foreign journalists,
176
; and construction of White Sea canal,
177
,
212
,
275
,
470
; and peasant deaths from famine,
187
–8; background and character,
200
–4,
206
; under suspicion,
204
–5; possessions,
205
–6; brings Gorky back from exile in Capri,
207
–11; in campaign against literati,
207
,
211
,
225
,
320
; birth of child,
210
; infatuation with Timosha Peshkova,
210
,
219
–20,
258
–9; and Union of Writers’ congress,
217
–18; Gorky helps to maintain position,
218
–19; accused of murdering Max Peshkov,
220
; under threat,
220
,
235
,
265
; exploits left wing Western writers,
222
; and Riutin Platform,
232
; accused of killing Menzhinsky,
236
; heads NKVD,
236
; and Kirov murder,
239
,
241
–3,
276
–8; and Stalin’s campaign of terror,
245
; charges Kamenev and Zinoviev,
249
; passes Prezent’s diary to Stalin,
249
–50; fall from favour,
250
; and Morozov affair,
263
; Ezhova dominates,
264
; clears beggars form Moscow,
265
; and Gai Gai-Bzhishkian,
265
–6; official positions,
265
–6; and retrial of Kamenev and Zinoviev,
267
,
270
; Maria Tomskaia betrays,
269
; deposed and attacked,
273
–6,
325
; interrogation and confession,
276
–9,
296
; trial,
278
,
307
,
310
,
433
; executed,
279
,
311
; family persecuted and killed,
279
–80; Ezhov criticizes,
293
; ethnic cleansing,
359
–60; reputation,
458