Cheating Justice (37 page)

Geneva Conventions: adoption of, by UN, 91; and
Army Field Manual for Intelligence Interrogations
, 74, 91, 95; and Bush administration, 76–77; elimination of protections of, for al Qaeda and Taliban, 76, 80, 92–94, 107, 117; and international accountability, 152; International Committee of the Red Cross's monitoring of, 72, 88, 89, 97–98, 109, 161; Korea's violation of, 75, 77; prosecutions of violations of, under War Crimes Act, 91–92; provisions of, 98; purpose of, 91; torture as violation of, 86–87; U.S. as out of compliance with, 101; U.S. ratification of, 91, 94; U.S. Supreme Court on, 97; and War Crimes Act (1996), 91, 101, 122

Gentile, Lynn, 149–50

Germany, 142, 148, 153–54, 156, 163

germ warfare, 77

Gibson, Charlie, 29, 31

Gilman, Ronald, 52

global accountability.
See
international justice

Glover, Stephen, 160

Goldsmith, Jack, 46, 79, 84, 107

Goldsmith, Lord, 160

Goldstein, Amy, 44

Golove, David, 96

Gonzales, Alberto, 44, 56, 58, 76, 80, 92–94, 146, 151

Goodman, Amy, 162

Goodman, Melvin A., 10–11

Graham, Bob, 53

Graham, Lindsey, 52

Great Britain.
See
Britain

Greenberg, Karen, 89

Guantánamo Bay prison: civil compensation for torture victims in, 155–57; international justice on, 148, 153; interrogation of “high value” prisoners at, 88–89, 109–12, 161; Spanish citizens in, 146; torture at, 69, 76, 86–89, 97, 99, 104, 109, 110–11, 113–15, 148, 153, 161

Guardian
, 23, 32, 147, 152, 157, 161

Gulf War (first), 1, 8, 44, 91, 158

Haas, Michael, 157

Hadley, Stephen, 18–19, 28

Haldeman, H. R., 6, 26, 126

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, 61, 96–97

Hamilton, William, 10

Hanley, Charles J., 163

Harman, Jane, 53

Harper's Magazine
, 44, 154

Hastert, Dennis, 1

Haynes, William J., II, 75, 87, 146

Helgerson, John L., 94

Hersh, Seymour, 41, 89

Hezbollah, 27

Hill
blog, ix

Hirsch, Afua, 157

Hirsh, Michael, 50–51

Holder, Eric, 121

Holland.
See
Netherlands

Holocaust.
See
Nazis; Nuremberg trials

Holt, Rush, 65

Horton, Scott, 44, 154

House Intelligence Committee, 53, 54

House Judiciary Committee, xii–xiii, 41, 119

House Select Intelligence Oversight Panel, 65

Howells, Kim, 114

Hsu, Spencer H., 123

Huffington Post
, 112

human rights, 70, 71, 73–74, 94, 108, 114, 142.
See also
anti-torture law; Geneva Conventions; international justice; torture; waterboarding

Human Rights Brief
, 145

Human Rights First, 104, 116

Human Rights Watch, ix, 144, 147, 150, 167

Hussein, Saddam: and Abu Ghraib prison, 88; allegations of connection between 9/11 attacks and, 9–11, 14–15, 75; al Qaeda linked with falsely, 8–16, 29–32; and attempted uranium purchases from Niger, 17–18, 29; Bush on danger of, 12, 19; no connection between 9/11 attacks and, 9–10; and nuclear materials procurement, 16; overthrow of, 8, 10, 33–34, 35; secular attitudes of, 9; and UN inspections for WMD, 29.
See also
Iraq; Iraq War and occupation

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), 13, 17, 162–63

iCasualties.org, 3

ICC (International Criminal Court), 143–44, 149–51

ICRC.
See
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Ikassrien, Lahcen, 153

immunity agreements, 151

impeachment: for accountability, 136–37; Bush's impeachable offenses, 25, 49, 136–37; of Bybee possible, 137; of Nixon, xii–xiii, 26, 41, 137; U.S. Constitution on, xi

independent counsels, 92–93

Institute for Policy Studies, 146

intelligence: accuracy of, on Iraq, 32; from Bush's President's Surveillance Program, 58–60; effectiveness of torture for, 31–32, 46, 73, 77, 110–14; failures of, and Iraq War, 31–35; House and Senate Intelligence Committees, 14, 31, 34, 53, 54, 112, 125; National Intelligence Estimate, 13, 34–35; on 9/11 events, 50; prewar intelligence, 14, 32.
See also
CIA; FBI; National Intelligence Council

Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans
(Church Committee), 138–39

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 156–57

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 156–57

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 13, 17, 162–63

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 72, 88, 89, 97–98, 109, 161

International Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), 74, 102, 114, 152, 162

International Criminal Court (ICC), 143–44, 149–51

international justice: and accountability, 141–63; and civil compensation and lawsuits in other nations, 155–56; and European Court of Human Rights, 156–57; and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 156–57; and International Criminal Court, 143–44, 149–51; and investigations and inquiries in other nations, 157–63; and Japanese war criminals, 106, 143; and Nuremberg trials, 108, 143, 144, 145; principles of, 143; and prosecutions in other nations based on country jurisdiction, 151–55; and truth commissions on Iraq War,
139, 157–61; and universal jurisdiction, 144–49

interrogation methods.
See
torture

Iran, 151

Iran-Contra scandal, 6, 27–28

Iraq: al Qaeda falsely linked with, 8–15, 29–32, 37, 75, 113; and attempted uranium purchases from Niger, 17–19, 29; biological weapons labs allegedly in, 32; Bush on “evil” nature of, 15; Bush's acknowledgments of false statements on, 13, 17, 18; false links between 9/11 attacks and, xiii–xiv, 7, 8–10, 12, 14, 15–16, 22, 23, 24, 32, 75; and first Gulf War, 1, 8, 44, 91, 158; and nuclear materials procurement, 7, 11, 12, 16–18; oil supply in, 8, 35; overthrow of Hussein desired by U.S., 8, 10, 33, 35; training provided to al Qaeda by, as false information, 13, 31–32; UN evacuation of inspectors and staff from, 23; UN inspections of, for WMD in, 13, 16, 29, 161.
See also
Hussein, Saddam; Iraq War and occupation; weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Iraq War and occupation: and Authorization for Use of Military Force on Iraq, 21–22, 24–25, 53–54; beginning of war, 14; and Britain, 3, 23, 139, 157, 159–61; Bush's admission of falsehoods on, 2; Bush's defense of, ix, 2, 25, 118; Bush's “letter of determination” (2003) to, for military engagement in Iraq, 7, 14, 21–26; and Bush's reelection, 4, 25; casualties of, 2, 3, 113; CIA facilities in Iraq, 74; Congress's support of, 33–35; costs of, 2, 3, 35, 36–37; false statements and conspiracy to defraud U.S. government regarding, 6–7; and intelligence failures, 31–35; laws for prosecution of criminal deceit regarding, 4–7; lies and deception used to initiate, xiv, 1–37; “marketing” strategy for, 2–3, 10–15, 30; military personnel continuing in, 3; military troop strength needed for, 36; motivations for, 3–4, 35, 165; and Netherlands, 157–59; overthrow of Saddam Hussein as goal of, 35; post-traumatic stress or brain injuries of soldiers in, 3; private military contractors in, 3, 35; and rebuilding of Iraq, 35; and road to war, 7–15; State of the Union address (2003) on Iraq as threat, 1–2, 7, 15–21; statistics on military forces in, 3, 35; torture techniques during, 87–88; truth commissions on, 139, 157–61; withdrawal of combat troops from Iraq, 3; WMD as reason for, ix, 2, 7–8, 10–14, 30, 31, 37.
See also
Abu Ghraib prison

Iraq War Ledger, 3

Isikoff, Michael, 31, 32, 127

Italy, 142, 152–53

Jackson, Robert, 60, 143

Japan, 83, 143

Jarrett, H. Marshall, 46

Jaworski, Leon, 119

Jehl, Douglas, 32, 53, 113

Johnson, Boris, 141

Jonas, Stacie, 146

Jones, Walter B., Jr., 91

Journal of International Criminal Justice
, 142, 149

Judge Advocate General's Corps (Army), 105

Judgment at Nuremberg
(film), 143

Jurist
, 153, 156

Justice Department: and “Bush Six,” 147; and Bush's warrantless surveillance program, 47, 124; and Durham as special prosecutor of torture cases, 121, 126; on effectiveness of Bush's President's Surveillance Program, 59; and FISA Amendments Act, 48–49, 63; and FISA court, 63; and
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, 97; and international accountability for CIA, 154; investigation of Yoo by, 108; Nazi-hunting unit of, 71–72, 166; Office of Legal Counsel in, 47, 55–58, 60–61, 76, 79–85, 94, 115, 137; Office of Professional Responsibility of, 46, 80–82, 95, 97, 108, 128; and “outing” of Plame as CIA agent, 120; and state secrets privilege, 135; and Terrorist Surveillance Program, 47, 55–58;
torture memos by, 79–85, 94, 103–4, 106–8, 137; and
Unclassified Report on the President's Surveillance Program
(2009), 45; and Watergate, 118–19; and Yoo's missing e-mails, 128

Kaleck, Wolfgang, 148, 163

Karadzic, Radovan, 144

Keller, Allen, 115

Kennedy, Edward, 34

Kessler, Glenn, 9

Klein, Mark, 45

Koenig, John, 154

Koh, Harold, 162

Korean War, 60, 75, 77, 80

Kramer, Stanley, 143

Kristof, Nicholas, 151

Kungys v. United States
, 19

Lassetter, Tim, 111

Lauer, Matt, 107, 109, 118

Lawless World
(Sands), 13

lawsuits.
See
civil litigation process

Leahy, Patrick, 138

Leopold, Jason, 18

Levin, Carl, 13

Levin, Daniel, 80

Lewis, Neil, 56

Libby, I. Lewis “Scooter,” 18, 28, 120, 127

Liberia, 144

Lichtblau, Eric, 40, 48, 65, 124

lies.
See
false statements; fraud

Lincoln, Abraham, 73, 76

Lindh, John, 75

Lindsey, Lawrence, 36–37

Linzer, Dafna, 18

Lithuania, 73, 142, 150, 155

Little Murders
(film), 39

Los Angeles Times
, 34, 104, 131

Macedonia, 131, 152, 156, 157

Madison Institute, 29

Main Justice
, 43

Major League Baseball, 5

Manning, David, 10

Manningham-Buller, Eliza, 159–60

Margulies, Joseph, 75, 104

mass media.
See specific newspapers, television programs, and magazines

Mayer, Jane, 37, 44, 69, 75, 89

Mazzetti, Mark, 94–95, 105

McCain, John, 95, 113

McClatchy Newspapers, 37, 69, 111

McClellan, Scott, 11

McCollum, Bill, 20

McFarlane, Robert, 27

media.
See specific newspapers, television programs, and magazines

Meet the Press
, 13, 32

Mendez, Juan Ernesto, 162

Mengele, Josef, 71

Merkel, Angela, 131

Miami Herald
, 146

Milbank, Dana, 9

Military Commissions Act (2006), 97–100

military trials for detainees, 96–97

Miller, Geoffrey, 153

Milosevic, Slobodan, 106, 144

missing records: of CIA's interrogations of detainees, 89, 94, 104, 120, 126–27; crime of hiding or mutilation of federal records, 126; on “outing” of Plame as CIA agent, 127; recovery of, 125–28; in Watergate investigation, 126; White House e-mails as, 127

“mistake of law” defense, 54–55, 95–96

Mitchell, John, 26

Mohamed, Binyam, 132, 156

Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc.
, 132

Mohammed, Khalid Sheik, 78, 86, 111–13

Mora, Alberto J., 83, 87, 99, 107, 113

Moreno, Javier, 142

Morocco, 132, 153, 155

Mowhoush, Abed Hamed, 116

Mueller, Robert, 58, 112

Mukasey, Michael, 120

Muller, Erich “Mancow,” 86

Mundarain Hernández, Germán, 162

Muskie, Edward, 41

Nation
, 28–29

National Archives and Records Administration, 127–28

National Intelligence Council, 18

National Intelligence Director, 45

National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), 13, 34–35

National Journal
, 9–10, 17

National Religious Coalition Against Torture, 167

National Security Act, 54

National Security Agency (NSA), 39–40, 44–49, 64, 65, 123, 124, 132–33, 138

National Security Archives, 127

National Security Council (NSC): and
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
, 97; and Iran-Contra scandal, 27; Nixon's wiretapping of staff of, 41; on overthrow of Iraq, 8; torture approved by, 72, 79, 85, 121; and torture memos, 81

NATO, 147

Navy, 83, 87, 99, 107, 113

Nazis, 71–72, 108, 134, 143, 145, 166

NBC News, 127

Netherlands, 139, 142, 150, 157–59

news media.
See specific newspapers, television programs, and magazines

Newsweek
, 31, 50–51, 92

Newton, Michael A., 42

New Yorker
, 69, 75

New York Times
: on al Qaeda, 50; on CIA's destruction of videos of detainee interrogations, 126; and Comey's objections to torture, 84; on Durham's investigation of missing CIA videos of detainee interrogations, 120; on false statements regarding link between al Qaeda and Iraq, 32; on FISA revision, 47; on illegal wiretapping by Bush administration, 39–40, 46–49, 53–54, 56, 57, 60, 64, 65, 124, 132; on intelligence failures for Congress, 34–35; on international accountability, 154; on International Criminal Court, 149, 151; on Iraq's alleged procurement of uranium from Niger, 18; on “marketing” strategy for Iraq War, 11; on SERE program, 77–78; on Terrorist Surveillance Program, 57; on torture and torture memos, 94–95, 105, 126, 137; on waterboarding, 105, 126