Cheating Justice (31 page)

98.
Dick Cheney, remarks, American Enterprise Institute, May 21, 2009,
www.aei.org/
(accessed April 11, 2011).

99.
Peter Baker, “Rove on Iraq: Without W.M.D. Threat, Bush Wouldn't Have Gone to War,”
The Caucus
blog,
New York Times
online, March 2, 2010,
http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/
.

100.
Bush, interview,
World News
, December 1, 2008.

101.
Bush,
Decision Points
, p. 262.

102.
Sands,
Lawless World
, pp. 272–74.

103.
George W. Bush, “Address to the Nation on War with Iraq,” CBS News, March 17, 2003,
www.cbsnews.com/
.

104.
Greg Miller, “Senate War Report Rebukes Cheney, Bush,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 6, 2008.

105.
Michael Isikoff, “Death in Libya,”
Newsweek
, May 12, 2009.

106.
Remarks by President Bush on Iraq, Cincinnati Museum Center-Cincinnati Union Terminal, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7, 2002,
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

107.
Douglas Jehl, “Qaeda-Iraq Link U.S. Cited Is Tied to Coercion Claim,”
New York Times
, December 9, 2005.

108.
Martin Chulov and Helen Pidd, “Defector Admits to WMD Lies That Triggered Iraq War,”
Guardian
, February 15, 2011.

109.
Dick Cheney, interview,
Meet the Press
, September 8, 2002, Leading to War website,
www.leadingtowar.com/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

110.
Michael Isikoff, “The Phantom Link to Iraq,”
Newsweek
, April 28, 2002.

111.
Cirincione, Mathews, and Perkovich, “WMD in Iraq,” pp. 15–18, 47–53.

112.
“Senate Intelligence Committee Unveils Final Phase II Reports on Prewar Iraq Intelligence,” press release, U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, June 5, 2008,
http://intelligence.senate.gov/
(accessed April 11, 2011).

113.
Bush, “Address to the Nation on War with Iraq.”

114.
“President Commemorates Veterans Day, Discusses War on Terror,” transcript of remarks of President Bush, Tobyhanna, PA, November 11, 2005,
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/
(accessed April 11, 2011).

115.
“Report on Whether Public Statements Regarding Iraq by U.S. Officials Were Substantiated by Intelligence Information,” Select Committee on Intelligence, U.S. Senate, 110th Congress, June 2008, p. 91,
http://intelligence.senate.gov/
.

116.
Ibid., p. 92.

117.
“Sen. Kennedy Points to Bush's Iraq Statements,” letter to the editor,
Los Angeles Times
, March 15, 2004.

118.
“Decoding Mr. Bush's Denials,” editorial,
New York Times
, November 15, 2005.

119.
Bush,
Decision Points
, pp. 232–38.

120.
“Cancer on the Presidency,” White House Tapes, Presidential Recordings Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia,
http://whitehousetapes.net/
(accessed April 11, 2011).

121.
Mark Thompson, “Shinseki, a Prescient General, Re-Enlists as VA Chief,”
Time
, December 8, 2008.

122.
David R. Francis, “Are Iraq War Costs Spinning Out of Control?”
Christian Science Monitor
, May 7, 2007.

123.
Jane Mayer,
The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals
(New York: Doubleday, 2008), pp. 135–38.

124.
Nancy A. Youssef and Sahar Issa, “Gates: Iraq Outcome ‘Will Always Be Clouded by How It Began,'” McClatchy, September 1, 2010,
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/
.

1.
Jules Feiffer,
Little Murders
(New York: Random House, 1968).

2.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, 50 USC §§ 1801 et seq.; in general, see FISA resources listing, Federation of American Scientists,
www.fas.org/
(accessed March 26, 2011).

3.
James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, “Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts,”
New York Times
, December 16, 2005.

4.
George W. Bush, weekly radio address, December 17, 2005,
New York Times
website,
www.nytimes.com/
.

5.
David E. Sanger, “Bush Says He Ordered Domestic Spying,”
New York Times
, December 18, 2005.

6.
U.S. Constitution, Amendment IV,
http://topics.law.cornell.edu/
(accessed April 22, 2011).

7.
Seymour M. Hersh, “Kissinger and Nixon in the White House,”
Atlantic Monthly
, May 1982.

8.
U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities within the United States (Church Committee),
Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans: 1976 U.S. Senate Report on Illegal Wiretaps and Domestic Spying by the FBI, CIA and NSA
, Book III: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans, p. 5, Assassination Archives and Research Center,
www.aarclibrary.org/
(accessed July 20, 2011).

9.
Major Louis Al. Chiarella and Major Michael A. Newton, “So Judge, How Do I Get That FISA Warrant?” published in
Army Lawyer
(October 1997): 25–36, on Federation of American Scientists website,
www.fas.org
(accessed March 20, 2011).

10.
“American Bar Association Accuses President Bush of Violating Both the Constitution and Federal Law,” American Bar Association Task Force Report, February 13, 2006,
www.informationclearinghouse.info
(accessed April 20, 2011).

11.
FISA resources, Federation of American Scientists.

12.
“Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA),” Center for National Security Studies,
www.cnss.org/fisa.htm
(accessed July 20, 2011).

13.
James McGee and Brian Duffy,
Main Justice: The Men and Women Who Enforce the Nation's Criminal Laws and Guard Its Liberties
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), p. 315.

14.
Scott Horton, “Six Questions for Jane Mayer, Author of The Dark Side,”
Harper's Magazine
, July 14, 2008,
www.harpers.org/
.

15.
Steve Clemons, “President Bush: On 20 April 2004 States Must Get ‘A Court Order' Before Wiretapping Suspected Terrorists,”
Washington Note
, January 31, 2006,
www.thewashingtonnote.com/
.

16.
Dan Eggen and Amy Goldstein, “Gonzales's Truthfulness Long Disputed,”
Washington Post
, July 30, 2007.

17.
Inspectors General of the Department of Defense, Department of Justice, Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, and Offices of the Director of National Intelligence,
Unclassified Report on the President's Surveillance Program
(Report no. 2009–0013-AS), July 10, 2009, p. 5,
www.globalsecurity.org/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

18.
Dick Cheney to Arlen Specter, June 8, 2006 (response to letter about Terrorist Surveillance Program), About.com,
http://civilliberty.about.com/
(accessed March 8, 2011).

19.
Ryan Singel, “Whistle-Blower Outs NSA Spy Room,”
Wired
, April 7, 2006,
http://www.wired.com/magazine/
.

20.
Leslie Cauley, “NSA Has Massive Database of Americans' Phone Calls,”
USA Today
, May 11, 2006.

21.
Inspectors General,
Unclassified Report
, pp. 7–9, 30.

22.
Jack L. Goldsmith III, “Memorandum for the Attorney General,” May 5, 2004, p. 9, American Civil Liberties Union website,
www.aclu.org/
.

23.
Charlie Savage and James Risen, “Federal Judge Finds N.S.A. Wiretaps Were Illegal,”
New York Times
, March 31, 2010.

24.
Bush, radio address, December 17, 2005.

25.
Dan Eggan, “Bush Thwarted Probe into NSA Wiretapping,”
Washington Post
, July 19, 2006.

26.
Scott Shane, “Cheney Is Linked to Concealment of CIA Project,”
New York Times
, July 22, 2009.

27.
Cheney to Specter, June 8, 2006.

28.
P.L. 110–55, the Protect America Act of 2007: Modifications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
, Congressional Research Service, February 14, 2008, Federation of American Scientists,
www.fas.org/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

29.
Cynthia L. Cooper, “Terror Talk Crowds Out Thoughtful Discussion: Wiretapping Americans for Foreign Intelligence,”
FAIR Extra!
, November/December 2007,
www.fair.org
(accessed April 20, 2011).

30.
Adam Levine, “Bush: Inaction on FISA Endangers U.S.,” CNN, February 15, 2008,
www.cnn.com
(accessed March 20, 2011).

31.
“Compromising the Constitution,” editorial,
New York Times
, July 8, 2008.

32.
FISA Amendments Act of 2008, 50 USC § 1801 et seq. (enacted July 10, 2008),
www.lawcornell.edu/uscode/
(accessed July 20, 2011).

33.
“Beyond FISA,” Electronic Frontier Foundation,
https://www.eff.org/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

34.
Eric Lichtblau and James Risen, “Officials Say U.S. Wiretaps Exceeded Law,”
New York Times
, April 15, 2009.

35.
Bush, radio address, December 17, 2005.

36.
David E. Sanger, “Bush Was Warned bin Laden Wanted to Hijack Planes,”
New York Times
, May 16, 2002.

37.
Ron Suskind,
The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America's Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9/11
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), pp. 1–2.

38.
The 9-11 Commission Report
, pp. 254–63,
http://govinfo.library.unt.edu
.

39.
“Ashcroft Tried to Cut Counterterrorism within a Month of Taking Office,” Center for American Progress,
www.americanprogress.org/
(accessed April 20, 2011).

40.
Michael Hirsh, “What Went Wrong,”
Newsweek
, May 27, 2002.

41.
Bush, radio address, December 17, 2005.

42.
The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists
, Pub. L. No. 107-40, 115 Stat. 224 (enacted September 18, 2001),
http://news.findlaw.com/
(accessed July 20, 2011).

43.
“U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee Holds a Hearing on Wartime Executive Power and the NSA's Surveillance Authority,”
Washington Post
, February 6, 2006.

44.
Tom Daschle, “Power We Didn't Grant,”
Washington Post
, December 23, 2005.

45.
Barton Gellman and Jo Becker, “A Different Understanding with the President,”
Washington Post
, June 24, 2007.

46.
American Civil Liberties Union v. National Security Agency, 493 F. 3d 644 (6th Cir. 2007), pp. 693–790,
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ACLU_v._NSA/
493_F.3d_644/Dissent_Gilman
(accessed July 20, 2011).

47.
Douglas Jehl, “Spy Briefings Failed to Meet Legal Test, Lawmakers Say,”
New York Times
, December 21, 2005.

48.
“Transcript: House Intel Committee Vice-Chairman Harman on ‘FNS' on Jan. 8, 2006,”
Fox News Sunday
, January 9, 2006,
www.foxnews.com/
(accessed March 20, 2011).

49.
“Former Intel Chairman Graham: White House Made ‘No Reference' to NSA Program in Briefings,”
ThinkProgress
, December 18, 2005,
http://thinkprogress.org/
.

50.
Jehl, “Spy Briefings Failed to Meet Legal Test.”

51.
“Dick Cheney on Fox News Sunday, The Exit Interview,” transcript, December 21, 2008,
www.clipsandcomment.com/
(accessed March 20, 2011).

52.
“Cheney: We Asked If We Needed Approval for Wiretapping, Congress Told Us ‘Absolutely Not,'”
ThinkProgress
, December 12, 2008,
http://thinkprogress.org
.

53.
United States v. Shewfelt, 455 F.2d 836, 839 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 944 (1972); also see United States v. Martorano, 767 F.2d 63, 66 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 949 (1985); United States v. Carr, 740 F.2d 339, 347 (5th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1004 (1985).

54.
Inspectors General,
Unclassified Report
, p. 11.

55.
Ibid.

56.
Ibid., pp. 10, 30.

57.
Neil A. Lewis, “Bush Blocked Ethics Inquiry, Gonzales Says,”
New York Times
, July 19, 2006.

58.
Scott Horton, “Two New OLC Opinions on Warrantless Surveillance,”
Harper's
, March 21, 2011.

59.
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952),
www.law.cornell.edu/
.

60.
Inspectors General,
Unclassified Report
, p. 16.

61.
Ibid., fn. 12.

62.
Bush, radio address, December 17, 2005.

63.
Dick Cheney, interview,
Good Morning America
.

64.
Inspectors General,
Unclassified Report
, pp. 31–36.

65.
Ibid., p. 36.

66.
Goldsmith, “Memorandum for the Attorney General,” p. 9.

67.
“Illegal, and Pointless,”
New York Times
, July 17, 2009.