Cheating Justice (35 page)

51.
Michael Slackman, “Officials Pressed Germans on Kidnapping by C.I.A.,”
New York Times
, December 8, 2010.

52.
Matthias Gebauer and John Goetz, “Cables Show Germany Caved to Pressure from Washington,”
Der Spiegel
, December 9, 2010.

53.
“US Rejected Polish Call for Help in Alleged CIA Prison Probe,” Agence France Presse, December 28, 2010,
www.alternet.org/
.

54.
“Accountability for Torture (in Britain),”
New York Times
, November 16, 2010.

55.
Andrew Gilmore, “UK Judges Reveal US Threatened to Withhold Intelligence if Guantanamo Torture Disclosed,”
Jurist
, February 4, 2009,
http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/
.

56.
Tim Shipman, “Hush Money: Multi-million Pound Payouts to Silence British Terror Suspects Held in Guantanamo,”
Daily Mail
, November 16, 2010.

57.
Dahlia Lithwick, “Nowhere to Hide,”
Slate
, June 16, 2010.

58.
“Canadian Man Deported by U.S. Details Torture in Syria,”
Democracy Now!
, November 7, 2003,
www.democracynow.org/
.

59.
“El Masri Case,” European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights.

60.
European Court of Human Rights,
www.echr.coe.int/
.

61.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Organization of American States,
www.cidh.oas.org
(accessed April 30, 2011).

62.
Richard Norton-Taylor, “Macedonia Called to Account over Extraordinary Rendition Case,”
Guardian
, October 14, 2010.

63.
“El-Masri v. Tenet,” American Civil Liberties Union, November 29, 2010,
www.aclu.org/
.

64.
Haas,
George W. Bush, War Criminal?
, p. 230.

65.
Afua Hirsch, “Iraq Invasion Violated International Law, Dutch Inquiry Finds,”
Guardian
, January 12, 2010.

66.
Commission Report on Investigation of Decision Making on Iraq
(Davids committee report), 2010,
http://weblogs.nrc.nl/discussie/files/2010/01/rapport_commissie_irak.pdf
, pp. 517–33; Dorian De Wing, “Dutch Davids Commission Releases Report on Dutch Government Support for Iraq Invasion,”
The Moderate Voice
, January 12, 2010,
http://themoderatevoice.com/
.

67.
“Dutch Cabinet Admits Fault, Averts Crisis,”
NRC Handelsblad
, January 13, 2010,
http://vorige.nrc.nl/international/article2458168.ece
.

68.
“Sir John Chilcot's Closing Statement, 30 July 2010,” Iraq Inquiry,
www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/
(accessed April 30, 2011).

69.
Christopher Hope, “WikiLeaks: British Government Promised to ‘Protect US Interests' at Chilcot Inquiry,”
Telegraph
, December 1, 2010.

70.
Andrew Sparrow, “Eliza Manningham-Buller at the Iraq Inquiry—20 July,”
Guardian
, July 20, 2010.

71.
Tim Shipman and Ian Drury, “Blair ‘Misled MPs on Legality of War' Law Chief Who Advised ex-PM Tells Iraq Inquiry,”
Daily Mail
, January 18, 2011.

72.
Stephen Glover, “At Last, the Damning Evidence That Should Bury Blair for His Lies over Iraq,”
Mail Online, Daily Mail
, January 19, 2011,
www.dailymail.co.uk/
.

73.
Nigel Morris, “Blair Recalled to Face Further Questions on Build-Up to Iraq War,”
Independent
, December 9, 2010.

74.
Brian Brady, “Chilcot to Grill Blair on How He ‘Misled' Iraq War Inquiry,”
Independent
, January 16, 2011.

75.
“Evidence of the Rt. Honorable Tony Blair,” Iraq Inquiry, January 21, 2011,
www.iraq inquiry.org.uk/
.

76.
Chris Ames, “Blair Dug His Own Hole at the Chilcot Inquiry,”
Guardian
, January 21, 2011.

77.
Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) On the Treatment by the Coalition Forces of Prisoners of War and Other Protected Persons by the Geneva Conventions in Iraq During Arrest, Internment and Interrogation
, International Committee of the Red Cross, February 2004,
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/
.

78.
“ICRC Report on the Treatment of Fourteen ‘High Value Detainees' in CIA Custody,” International Committee of the Red Cross, February 2007, p. 26,
www.nybooks.com/
.

79.
“David Cameron Announces Torture Inquiry,”
Telegraph
, July 6, 2010.

80.
Patrick Wintour and Ian Cobain, “David Cameron Agrees Terms of UK Torture Inquiry,”
Guardian
, June 29, 2010.

81.
Emily Dugan, “MPs Refused the Facts on UK's Part in Rendition Cases,”
Independent
, January 2, 2011.

82.
Amy Goodman, “Mounties Probe U.S. Role in Kidnapping and Torture of Canadian Citizen,” AlterNet, June 17, 2010,
www.alternet.org/
.

83.
Open Secret: Mounting Evidence of Europe's Complicity in Rendition and Secret Detention
, Amnesty International, November 2010, pp. 10–11,
www.amnesty.org/
.

84.
Mark Tran, “UN Human Rights Council Urges US to End Death Penalty,”
Guardian
, November 5, 2010.

85.
Harold Hongju Koh, “Response of the United States of America to Recommendations of the United Nations Human Rights Council,” press release, November 9, 2010,
www.state.gov/
.

86.
Louis Charbonneau, “UN Investigator Urges Probe of Alleged US Torture,” Reuters, October 27, 2010,
www.commondreams.org/
.

87.
Stephanie Nebehay, “UN Expert Urges Full US Torture Investigation,” Reuters, November 16, 2010,
www.commondreams.org/
.

88.
Charles J. Hanley, “ElBaradei Suggests War Crimes Probe of Bush Team,”
Washington Examiner
, April 22, 2011.

89.
“Senate Report Finds Rumsfeld Directly Responsible for US Torture of Prisoners,”
Democracy Now!
, December 12, 2008,
www.democracynow.org
(accessed April 22, 2011).

1.
Tom Parfitt, “Russian Parliament Admits Guilt over Polish Massacre,”
Guardian
, November 25, 2010.

2.
“Timeline: The Pinochet Legal Saga,” BBC, December 11, 2006,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/
.

3.
Alex Holt, “Investigators Race the Clock to Bring Hiding Nazi War Criminals to Justice,”
St. Petersburg (FL) Times
, June 7, 2010.

4.
“Michael Posner on the ABA's Strong Stand Against Torture and Official Cruelty,”
Daily Journal
, reprinted,
Human Rights First
, August 17, 2007,
http://www.humanrightsfirst.org
(accessed April 22, 2011).

5.
National Religious Campaign Against Torture,
http://www.nrcat.org/
(accessed April 22, 2011).

6.
Rachel Banning-Lover, “Berkeley Demonstrates Against Torture,”
Daily Californian
, October 13, 2010,
http://blog.dailycal.org
.

7.
“Stop Torture at the Top,” UpTakeVideo, November 26, 2010,
http://www.youtube.com/
(accessed April 22, 2011).

Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.

ABC News: and Ashcroft on torture, 79; and Bush on intelligence failure in Iraq, 31; and Bush on waterboarding, 103; and Cheney on President's Surveillance Program, 58, 62, 63; and Cheney on torture, x, 79

Abu Ahmed, 112–13

Abu Ghraib prison: CIA torture at, 149; international justice on, 148; photos of prisoner abuse at, 72, 88, 117; and Rumsfeld, 88; and Saddam Hussein, 88; torture in, xiv, 70, 71, 72, 88, 90, 99, 106, 110, 111, 113, 148

Abu Omar, 152

Abu Zubaydah: CIA interrogation and torture of, 78, 80, 81, 83–85, 103, 104, 109, 149; FBI interrogation of, 78, 111; intelligence from, 111; international justice for, 155; missing tapes of interrogations of, 149; physical and mental injuries following torture of, 104, 109, 115; waterboarding of, 85

accountability: changing statutes of limitations for grave abuses of power, 128–29; citizen activism for, 167; civil lawsuits for illegal wiretapping, 64, 66; civil litigation process for, 64, 66, 129–34; constitutional provisions for, xi; definition of, 117; and domestic policy, 117–40; and education agenda of Bush administration, 117; False Statements Accountability Act (1996), 5; and international justice, 141–63; need for, regarding Bush-Cheney administration generally, xi–xii, xiv–xv, 67, 118, 139–41, 165, 167; power of impeachment for, 136–37; reclaiming protections against unchecked surveillance, 122–25; recovery of missing records, 125–28; and reform of state secrets privilege, 134–36; restoration of War Crimes Act for, 122; special prosecutor and, 118–22; steps in investigation of Bush-Cheney administration generally, xiv–xv; truth commission for, 137–40.
See also
prosecution

ACLU, 52, 57, 61, 73, 104, 123–24, 126, 132, 157, 167

ACLU v. National Security Agency
, 132–33

Addington, David, 47, 76, 80, 108, 146

Afghanistan: al Qaeda training in, 75; CIA facilities in, 74, 116; torture of detainees in, 69, 76, 87, 152, 155; U.S. invasion of, 30, 92

Against All Enemies
(Clarke), 9

Agence France Presse, 154, 155

Aguirre, Eduardo, 147

Ahmad, Bashir, 69

al-Bashir, Omar Hassan, 144, 150

Al-Haramain Foundation, 64, 133;
Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation v. Bush
, 133

Alhazmi, Nawaf, 49–50

al-Janabi, Rafid Ahmed Alway (“Curveball”), 32

Allende, Salvador, 145

al-Libi, Ibn al-Shaykh, 31–32, 37, 75, 104

All Things Considered
(NPR), on pardon for Bush, ix

al-Midhar, Khalid, 50

al-Nashiri, Abd al-Rahim, 69–70, 115, 154–55

al Qaeda: and Bush administration before 9/11 attacks, 9, 50–51; elimination of Geneva Convention protections for, 76, 80, 92–94, 107, 117; intelligence on, from waterboarding, 111; Iraq falsely linked with, 8–16, 29–32, 37, 75, 113; media coverage of, 13, 29–30, 32, 50; and 9/11 terrorist attacks, 8–12, 32, 49–50, 78; propaganda by, 113; training for, 13, 31–32, 75

al-Qahtani, Mohammed, 69, 86–87, 104, 109

Al-Qaim facility, Iraq, 116

American Bar Association, 167

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 52, 57, 61, 73, 104, 123–24, 126, 132, 157, 167

American Enterprise Institute, 30, 109, 110

American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court (AMICC), 151

Ames, Chris, 161

Ameziane, Djamel, 157

AMICC (American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the International Criminal Court), 151

Amnesty International, 150, 162

Amnesty v. Clapper
, 133–34

Amnesty v. McConnell
, 125, 133–34

anthrax, 32

anti-torture law: absence of statute of limitations in, 102–3; charges against Bush and his officials under, 101–16; on conspiracy, 102; and Convention Against Torture, 74; death cases under, 115–16; defense of counsel on, 106–9; and definition of torture, 102; and effectiveness of torture, 110–15; and Geneva Conventions, 72, 74–77, 86–88, 91–94, 97–99, 101, 107, 117, 122; history of, in U.S., 73–74; passage of (1994), 74, 102; policy decisions by Bush and his officials, 106; protection for Bush administration from prosecution under, 90–100; provisions of, 80–81, 101–2; redefinition of torture by Bush administration, 81, 109–10; statute of limitations under, 115–16; and torture memos, 81–85, 87, 94, 103–4, 106–8; and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 74; and USA Patriot Act, 102; and U.S. Constitution, 73; Yoo on, as unconstitutional, 82–83

Arar, Maher, 69, 89, 130, 156, 161

Arar v. Ashcroft
, 130

Argentina, 146, 148

Armitage, Richard, 109

Army Field Manual for Intelligence Interrogations
, 74, 91, 95

Army Lawyer
, 42

Army's Judge Advocate General's Corps, 105

Asano, Yukio, 83

Ashcroft, John, 50, 58, 79, 108, 120, 130

Associated Press, 5, 23, 95, 112

AT&T, 45, 66

Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, 13

Atlantic Monthly
, 41

Atta, Mohamed, 32

At the Center of the Storm
(Tenet), 18

Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), 51–52

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (2002), 21–22, 24–25

Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, 69

Bahrain, 148

Baker, James, 56

Balkenende, Jan Peter, 158–60

Barbie, Klaus, 71–72

BBC, 18–19, 131

BBC Radio, 114

Becker, Jo, 52, 76

Beecher, William, 41

Belgium, 147–48

Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture, 115

Bellinger, John B., III, 81

Bengali, Shashank, 142

Beyond FISA
(Electronic Frontier Foundation), 48

Biderman, Albert D., 77

Bilateral Immunity Agreements, 151

bin Laden, Osama, 8, 50, 112–13

biological weapons labs, 32

Blair, Tony, 10, 13, 31, 160–61

Blix, Hans, 29

Bolton, John R., 149

Bosnian Serb republic, 144

Boston Globe
, 29–30

Bradbury, Steven, 57, 115

Britain: arrest of Pinochet in, 145, 166; attitude toward torture and waterboarding in, 114; Chilcot Inquiry in, 159–61; civil compensation and lawsuits for torture victims in, 155–56; intelligence community in, 114; and Iraq War, 3, 10, 23, 139, 157, 159–61; and procurement of aluminum tubes by Iraq, 16; and rendition of detainees, 161; and “Secret Downing Street Memo,” 10