Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom (196 page)

11
. S. K. Dorheim et al., “Sleep and Depression in Postpartum Women: A Population-Based Study,”
Sleep,
vol. 32, no. 7 (July 1, 2009), pp. 847–55.

12
. K. Dalton, “Successful Prophylactic Progesterone for Idiopathic Post-Natal Depression,”
International Journal of Prenatal Studies
(1989), pp. 322–27.

13
. D. Sichel et al., “Prophlactic Estrogen in Recurrent Postpartum Affective Disorder,”
Society of Biological Psychiatry,
vol. 38 (1995), pp. 814–18.

14
. George Denniston, “Unnecessary Circumcision,”
Female Patient,
vol. 17 (July 1992), p. 13.

15
. Data on the effects of circumcision are available from the Circumcision Resource Center, (617) 523-0088;
www.circumcision.org
.

16
. S. Ip et al., “Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Developed Countries,” Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 153 (April 2007), pp. 1–186.

17
. M. M. Vennemann et al., “Does Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?”
Pediatrics,
vol. 123, no. 3 (March 2009), pp. e406–10.

18
. E. P. Gunderson et al., “Duration of Lactation and Incidence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age According to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Status: A 20-Year Prospective Study in CARDIA—The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study,”
Diabetes,
published online December 3, 2009, and available at
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2009/ 11/12/db09-1197.abstract
.

19
. L. Strathearn et al., “Does Breastfeeding Protect Against Substantiated Child Abuse and Neglect?”
Pediatrics,
vol. 123, no. 2 (2009), pp. 483–93.

20
. A. Lucas et al., “Breast Milk and Subsequent Intelligence Quotient in Children Born Preterm,”
The Lancet
(Feb. 1, 1992), pp. 261–64.

21
. J. Heyman, A. Earle, and J. Hayes,
The Work, Family, and Equity Index: Where
Does the United States Stand Globally?
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard School of Public Health, Project on Global Working Families, 2004).

22
. L. B. Feldman-Winter et al., “Pediatricians and the Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding,”
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine,
vol. 162, no. 12 (December 2008), pp. 1142–9.

23
. Peggy O’Mara, “Case Closed: Breast Is Best,”
Mothering,
issue 154 (May/June 2009), pp. 8–12.

24
. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Breastfeeding Among U.S. Children Born 1999–2006, CDC National Immunization Survey,”
www.cdc.gov/BREASTFEEDING/DATA/NIS_data/index.htm
.

25
. A solution to this might be the visualization procedure mentioned at the end of the section on breast augmentation in chapter 10.

26
. S. O. Shaheen et al., “Measles and Atopy in Guinea-Bissau,”
Lancet,
vol. 347, no. 9018 (June 29, 1994), pp. 1792–6; M. R. Odent, “Pertussis Vaccination and Asthma: Is There a Link?”
Journal of the American Medical Association,
vol. 272, no. 8 (1994), pp. 592–93; J. S. Alm et al., “Atopy in Children of Families with an Anthroposophic Lifestyle,”
Lancet,
vol. 353, no. 9163 (May 1, 1999), pp. 1457–8; T. Kemp et al., “Is Infant Immunization a Risk Factor for Childhood Asthma or Allergy?”
Epidemiology,
vol. 8, no. 6 (November 1997), pp. 678–80.

27
. D. A. Geier et al., “Biomarkers of Environmental Toxicity and Susceptibility in Autism,”
Journal of Neurological Sciences,
vol. 280, nos. 1–2 (May 15, 2009), pp. 101–8.

28
. R. L. Blaylock, “A Possible Central Mechanism in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Part 1,”
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine,
vol. 14, no. 6 (Nov.–Dec. 2008), pp. 46–53; R. L. Blaylock, “A Possible Central Mechanism in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Part 2,”
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine,
vol. 15, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 2009), pp. 60–67.

29
. Rose M. e43Krieder and Jason Fields,
Living Arrangements of Children: 2001. Current
Population Reports
(Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2005), pp. 70–104.

30
. Ellen Goodman, “Search for Father Dominating Lives,”
Portland Press Herald
(Apr. 10, 1992), syndicated from
Boston Globe
.

Chapter 14

1
. Tamara Slayton,
Reclaiming the Menstrual Matrix: Evolving Feminine Wisdom—
A Workbook
(Petaluma, CA: Menstrual Health Foundation, 1990), p. 41.

2
. J. C. Prior et al., “Spinal Bone Loss and Ovulatory Disturbances,”
New England
Journal of Medicine,
vol. 323 (1990), pp. 1221–7.

3
. C. Longscope, R. Hunter, and C. Franz, “Steroid Secretion by the Postmenopausal Ovary,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 138 (1980), pp. 6540–68; C. Longscope, C. Bourget, and C. Flood, “The Production and Aroma-tization of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Postmenopausal Women,”
Maturitas,
vol.

4
. (1982), pp. 325–32; C. Longscope, W. Jaffe, and G. Griffing, “Production Rates of Androgens and Oestrogens in Post-Menopausal Women,”
Maturitas,
vol. 3 (1981), pp. 215–23. 4. Ellen Langer,
Counterclockwise
(New York: Ballantine Books, 2009), p. 123.

5
. W. M. Jeffries, “Cortisol and Immunity,”
Medical Hypotheses,
vol. 34 (1991), pp. 198–208; J. P. Kahn et al., “Salivary Cortisol: A Practical Method for Evaluation of Adrenal Function,”
Biological Psychiatry,
vol. 23 (1988), pp. 335–49; M. H. Laudet et al., “Salivary Cortisol: A Practical Approach to Assess Pituitary-Adrenal Function,”
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,
vol. 66 (1988), pp. 343–48; R. F. Vining and R. A. McGinley, “The Measurement of Hormones in Saliva: Possibilities and Pitfalls,”
Journal of Steroid Biochemistry,
vol. 27, nos. 1–3 (1987), pp. 81–94.

6
. E. Barrett-Connor et al., “A Prospective Study of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 315, no. 24 (1986), pp. 1519–24; R. E. Bulbrook et al., “Relation Between Urinary Androgen and Corticoid Excretion and Subsequent Breast Cancer,”
The
Lancet,
vol. 2, no. 7721 (1971), pp. 395–98; S. E. Monroe and K. M. J. Menon, “Changes in Reproductive Hormone Secretion During the Climacteric and Post-Menopausal Periods,”
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 20 (1977), pp. 113–22; W. Regelson et al., “Hormonal Intervention: ‘Buffer Hormones’ or ‘State Dependency’: The Role of DHEA, Thyroid Hormone, Estrogen, and Hypophysec-tomy in Aging,”
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
vol. 521 (1988), pp. 260–73. A recent study of postmenopausal women age sixty to seventy using DHEA skin cream showed that after a year of treatment, the women experi enced a 10 percent decrease in body fat, a 10 percent increase in muscle mass, de creased blood sugar levels, decreased insulin levels, and a decrease in cholesterol. Their vaginal tissue also showed a thickening similar to that seen with estrogen, but there was no increase in stimulation of the uterine lining. There was also an increase in bone density. Unfortunately, these women also experienced a 70 percent increase in the oiliness of their skin, which resulted in acne—an effect that could probably be reduced with somewhat lower doses. See R. Sahelian, “Landmark One-Year DHEA Study,”
Health Counselor,
vol. 9, no. 2 (1997), pp. 46–47.

7
. Ralph Golan,
Optimal Wellness
(New York: Ballantine, 1995), specifically chapter 11, “Adrenal Exhaustion,” pp. 197–207; E. Olya,
The New Definition of
Stress Evaluation Adrenal Stress Index
(Kent, WA: Diagnos-Techs, 1991); Laudet et al., “Salivary Cortisol”; Kahn et al., “Salivary Cortisol”; J. B. Jemmott et al.,

“Academic Stress, Power, Motivation, and Decrease in Salivary IgA Secretion Rate,”
The Lancet
(June 1983), pp. 1400–2; F. Horst and J. Born, “Evidence for the Entrainment of Nocturnal Cortisol Secretion and Sleep Process in Human Beings,”
Neuroendocrinology,
vol. 53 (1991), pp. 171–76; J. W. Tintera, “The Hy-poadrenocortical State and Its Management,”
New York Journal of Medicine,
vol. 55, no. 13 (July 1, 1955).

8
. R. McCraty et al., “The Impact of a New Emotional Self-Management Program on Stress, Emotions, Heart Rate Variability, DHEA and Cortisol,”
Integrative
Physiological and Behavioral Sciences,
vol. 33, no. 3 (April–June 1998). An up-dated “Research Overview” provides more information on the many studies the Institute of HeartMath has done and is presently involved with. Available from the Institute of HeartMath, P.O. Box 1463, Boulder Creek, CA 95006, (931) 338-8500.

9
. Carolyn Dean,
The Magnesium Miracle
(New York: Ballantine Books, 2007).

10
. M. S. Massoudi et al., “Prevalence of Thyroid Antibodies Among Healthy Middle-Aged Women. Findings from the Thyroid Study in Healthy Women,”
Annals of
Epidemiology,
vol. 5, no. 3 (May 1995), pp. 229–33.

11
. J. Hargrove and E. Eisenberg, “Menopause,”
Medical Clinics of North America,
vol. 79, no. 6 (1995), pp. 1337–56.

12
. C. B. Coulam, “Premature Gonadal Failure,”
Fertility and Sterility,
vol. 38, no. 645 (1982); C. B. Coulam, S. C. Adamson, and J. F. Annegers, “Incidence of Premature Ovarian Failure,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 67, no. 4 (1986); R. des Moraes et al., “Autoimmunity and Ovarian Failure,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 112, no. 5 (1972); H. J. Gloor, “Autoimmune Oophoritis,”
American Journal of Clinical Pathology,
vol. 81 (1984), pp. 105–9; M. Leer, B. Patel, M. Innes, et al., “Secondary Amenorrhea Due to Autoimmune Ovarian Failure,”
Australia and New Zealand Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 20 (1980), pp. 177–79; T. Miyake et al., “Acute Oocyte Loss in Experimental Autoimmune Oophoritis as a Possible Model of Premature Ovarian Failure,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 158, no. 1 (1988); T. Miyake et al., “Evidence of Autoimmune Etiology in Some Premature Menopause,”
ObGyn News
(Nov. 1981).

13
. J. Pfenninger, “Sex and the Maturing Female,”
Mature Health
(Jan.–Feb. 1987), pp. 12–15.

14
. L. Zussman et al., “Sexual Response After Hysterectomy-Oophorectomy: Recent Studies and Reconsideration of Psychogenesis,”
American Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology,
vol. 140, no. 7 (1981), pp. 725–29.

15
. A. Koushik, M. E. Parent, and J. Siemiatycki, “Characteristics of Menstruation and Pregnancy and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Women,”
International Journal of
Cancer,
vol. 125, no. 10 (May 11, 2009), pp. 2428–33.

16
. W. H. Parker et al., “Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy and Long-Term Health Outcomes in the Nurses’ Health Study,”
Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 113, no. 5 (May 2009), pp. 1027–37.

17
. C. M. Rivera et al., “Increased Mortality for Neurological and Mental Diseases Following Early Bilateral Oophorectomy,”
Neuroepidemiology,
vol. 33, no. 1 (2009), pp. 32–40.

18
. T. Speroff et al., “A Risk-Benefit Analysis of Elective Bilateral Oophorectomy: Effect of Changes in Compliance with Estrogen Therapy on Outcome,”
American
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
vol. 164, 1 Pt 1 (January 1991), pp. 165–74.

19
. L. C. Swartzman, “Impact of Stress on Objectively Recorded Menopausal Hot Flashes and on Flush Report Bias,”
Health Psychology,
vol. 9 (1990), pp. 529–45.

20
. F. Grodstein, J. E. Manson, and M. J. Stampfer, “Hormone Therapy and Coronary Heart Disease: The Role of Time Since Menopause and Age at Hormone Initiation,”
Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmont),
vol. 15, no. 1 (Jan./Feb. 2006), pp. 35–44.

21
. A. Fournier, F. Berrino, and F. Clavel-Chapelon, “Unequal Risks for Breast Cancer Associated with Different Hormone Replacement Therapies: Results from the E3N Cohort Study,”
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment,
vol. 107, no. 1 (January 2008), pp. 103–11.

22
. R. Chlebowski et al., “Breast Cancer After Use of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Postmenopausal Women,”
New England Journal of Medicine,
vol. 360, no. 6 (February 5, 2009), pp. 573–87.

23
. B. R. Bhavnani and A. Cecutti, “Pharmacokinetics of 17b-Dihydroequilin Sulfate and 17b-Dihydroequilin in Normal Postmenopausal Women,”
Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism,
vol. 78 (1994), pp. 197–204.