The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England (94 page)

43
Hutchinson,
Memoirs
, p.99.

44
Macdonald,
Alkin
, p.21; CSP Domestic, 1652–3, p.xxxi; Frank,
English Newspaper
, p.204.

45
Firth,
Cromwell’s Army
, p.264; Clark,
Working Life
, p.243.

46
Firth,
Cromwell’s Army
, p.265.

47
Halkett and Fanshawe
, p.75.

48
Halkett and Fanshawe
, p.82.

Chapter 11: A Soliciting Temper

1
Makin,
Essay on Education
, p.25; Newcastle,
True Relation
, p.20.

2
Gardiner,
Civil War
, I, pp.100–101, 244.

3
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.110 and note I.

4
Gardiner,
Civil War
, III, p.197; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.15.

5
Fraser,
Cromwell
, p.504.

6
Beard,
American Civilization
, I, p.25; Nash,
Worcestershire
, I, p.492; Foster, ‘Digby’, p.4.

7
CSP Domestic, 1640–41, pp.249–50; Clark,
Working Life
, pp.23–4.

8
Gardiner,
Civil War
, III, pp.197–9.

9
Knyvett Letters
, p.147.

10
See
Twysden Family
, pp.172–3 and
Cholmley Memoirs
, pp.44–8.

11
Twysden Family
, p.148.

12
For the story of Dame Isabella Twysden, see her
Diary
, ed. by the Rev. F.W. Bennet, and ‘Twysden Notebooks’, BL Add MSS, 34, 163.

13
See
Twysden Diary
.

14
‘Twysden Notebooks’, BL Add MSS, 34, 163, 1, fo. 332.

15
‘Twysden Notebooks’, BL Add MSS, 34, 163, 1, fo. 332.

16
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.238.

17
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.225.

18
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.231–2, 234–5.

19
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.239–40.

20
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.239.

21
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.244, 253.

22
Newcastle,
True Relation
, p.20.

23
Newcastle,
True Relation
, p.20;
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.248.

24
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.249–58.

25
See
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.255–82, 292–3, 316–17 for Mary Verney’s dealings with the Committee, visit to Claydon and return to France.

26
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.411.

27
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.414–16.

28
Verney Memoirs
, II, pp.422–3.

29
Verney Memoirs
, III, p.30.

Chapter 12: Sharing in the Commonwealth

1
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.146.

2
Neville,
Ladies Parliament; Ladies, A Second Time, Assembled; Commonwealth of Ladies
.

3
CSP Venetian, 1645–7, p.135;
Venables Narrative
, p.xl.

4
Gibb,
Fairfax
, p.181;
Mercurius Pragmaticus
, 26 December 1648.

5
Clarendon, cit. Stone,
Family, Sex and Marriage
, p.340;
Verney Memoirs
, III, pp.318, 341.

6
Newcastle,
Worlds Olio
, pp.74–5.

7
Taylor,
Sex in History
, p.277; Knox,
Enthusiasm
, p.140.

8
Brailsford,
Quaker Women
, p.246; Ross,
Margaret Fell
, p.108.

9
cit. Stone,
Family, Sex and Marriage
, pp.627, 626.

10
cit. Owen, ‘Lincolnshire Women’, p.34; Fraser,
Cromwell
, p.54; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.142.

11
Kerridge, ‘Revolts in Wiltshire’, pp.68–9; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.144.

12
George, ‘“Goodwife” to “Mistress”’, p.152;
Womens Sharpe Revenge
, pp.37–42.

13
See Mitchell and Leys,
London
, pp.397–8; Herbert,
History of Livery Companies
, p.21.

14
Lupton,
London Characters
, pp.91–4.

15
See OED (see also Mary Ward’s use of Billingsgate, p.128
ante
); Timbs,
Curiosities of London
, pp.54–5; Butler,
Hudibras
, p.44.

16
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, pp.154–67; ‘Certaine Informations’, E. 65 (8); Gardiner,
Civil War
, I, p.187.

17
Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer
, E. 65/II; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.168.

18
Carlyle,
Critical Essays
, IV, pp.327, 333.

19
See Hirst,
Representative of the People?
, pp.18–19.

20
Chapman and Chapman,
Status of Women under Law
, p.23; Hirst,
Representative of the People?
, p.18.

21
Coke,
Institutes
, Part 4, p.4.

22
Fieldhouse, ‘Parliamentary Representation in the Borough of Richmond’, pp.207–8.

23
Clarke Papers
, I, pp.299, 302; Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.215.

24
Thomas, ‘Women and Sects’, p.56.

25
Astell,
Reflections
, pp.43–5.

26
cit. Appendix C, Berens,
Digger Movement
, p.252.

27
Middlesex County Records
, III, pp.xxii, 287.

28
Gibb,
Lilburne
, pp.171, 174; Gregg,
Free-Born John
, on the other hand, makes no such suggestion: see p.215.

29
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, pp.178–87.

30
‘Overton Appeal and Petition’, E. 381/10, pp. 3–4, 6–9, 174.

31
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.398.

32
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.90.

33
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.103.

34
Lilburne,
Freemans Freedome Vindicated
, p.6.

35
Gibb,
Lilburne
, p.192.

36
Gibb,
Lilburne
, p.192.

37
Rushworth,
Collections
, VIII, p.1257.

38
Mercurius Militaris
, 22 April 1649.

39
Petition of Women
, 1649, E. 551(14).

40
Gibb,
Lilburne
, p.174; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.178;
To the House of Commons for Lockier
, 5 May 1649, BL 669, fo. 14/27.

41
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, pp.180–81;
To the Parliament for Mr J. Lilburn
, 24 June 1653, BL 669, fo. 17/24;
Unto every individual Member of Parliament
, 26 July 1653, BL 669, fo. 17/37; Clarendon MSS, Vol. 46, fo. 110.

42
Clarendon MSS, Vol. 46, fo. 131.

43
Gibb,
Lilburne
, pp.272–3

44
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.314.

45
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.321.

46
CSP Domestic, 1655, pp.263–4; Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.340.

47
Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.340.

48
Gibb,
Lilburne
, p.342.

49
Petition of Elizabeth Lilburne
, CSP Domestic, 1657–8, p.148.

50
CSP Domestic, 1658–9, pp.260–61.

51
Pauline Gregg,
Free-Born John
, p.348, thinks he would not have approved.

52
Lilburne,
Jonah’s Cry
, p.4.

Chapter 13: When Women Preach

1
Duncon,
Vi-Countess Falkland
, p.205; Brathwaite,
English Gentlewoman
, p.82.

2
Verney Memoirs
, III, p.72.

3
Thomas, ‘Women and Sects’, p.47; Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.88; Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, p.563.

4
Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.93; Edwards,
Gangraena
, cit. Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.89.

5
Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, p.563.

6
Vicars,
Schismatick Sifted
, p.34; Edwards,
Gangraena
, p.84.

7
BL Add MSS, 31, 116, fo. 254–4V (I owe this reference to Dr Maurice Ashley); cit. Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, p.564.

8
cit. Higgins, ‘Women in the Civil War’, p.83; Thomas, ‘Women and Sects’, pp.50, 60, note 66.

9
Warren,
Old and Good Way vindicated
, Preface; Warren,
Spiritual Thrift
, p.81.

10
Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, p.563; Ballard,
Memoirs of Several Ladies
, p.281; Edwards,
Gangraena
, p.170.

11
Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, p.566; Chidley,
Justification
, p.26.

12
Chidley,
New Yeares Gift
, E. 23(13); Chidley,
Good Counsell
, 669, fo. 10/39.

13
Williams, ‘Women Preachers’, pp.567–8.

14
Edwards,
Gangraena
, cit. Weigall, ‘Women Militants’, p.437.

15
‘Puritan Congregation Minute Book’, 1654, Rawlinson MSS, D.828, fo. 30/32.

16
Spencer, ‘Unfortunate Lady’, pp.56–8.

17
Ballard,
Memoirs of Several Ladies
, p.280; Spencer, ‘Unfortunate Lady’, pp.56–9.

18
See Powicke, ‘Hastings Manuscripts’, pp.267–74.

19
See Carte MSS, Vol. LXXVII, fo. 201, 417.

20
Clarendon MSS, Vol. 29, fo. 102.

21
Thomas,
Religion
, p.139 and note I.

22
See
Clarke Papers
, II, pp.150, 154, 163–5; Fraser,
Cromwell
, pp.227–8.

23
Capp,
Fifth Monarchy
, p.174.

24
See Capp,
Fifth Monarchy
, Appendix I, p.266 for summary of Anna Trapnel’s career.

25
See Trapnel,
Legacy for Saints
, pp.1–43.

26
I Samuel, VS. 12–18;
Trapnel’s Report and Plea
, Preface.

27
Trapnel,
Legacy for Saints
, Preface: Trapnel,
Cry of a Stone
, p.42; Burrage, ‘Trapnel’s Prophecies’, p.531; ‘Anonymous Folio Volume’, Bodleian Library, S.1.42. Th; Dobell, ‘Unique Book: Trapnel’, p.221.

28
Strange News from Whitehall
, pp.4–6.

29
Cromwelliana
, p.133.

30
Strange News from Whitehall
, p.8.

31
Capp,
Fifth Monarchy
, pp.262, 101; CSP Domestic, 1653–4, p.393.

32
‘B.T. 21.10.54’ cit. Burrage, ‘Trapnel’s Prophecies’, pp.531–2; Thurloe Papers, XXI, Rawlinson MSS, A 21, fo. 323.

33
Osborne Letters
, p.222.

34
See
Trapnel’s Report and Plea
, pp.1–20.

35
Trapnel,
Legacy for Saints
, p.49.