The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England (92 page)

10
cit. George, ‘“Goodwife” to “Mistress”’, p.161; Eyre,
Dyurnall
, p.46; Proverbs, 25, VS. 24, cit. for example in Allestree,
Ladies Calling
, p.48.

11
Roberts,
Social History
, p.156; see Capp,
Astrology
, pp.124–5.

12
Bridenbaugh,
Vexed Englishmen
, pp.357–8.

13
Thomas,
Religion
, pp.503–5; Dekker, Ford and Rowley,
Witch of Edmonton
, Act II, scene I.

14
Woolley,
Gentlewomans Companion
, p.42; see Burstein, ‘Psychopathology of Old Age’.

15
Thomas,
Religion
, p.557; Macfarlane,
Witchcraft
, p.161; Stearne,
Discovery of Witchcraft
, p.12.

16
Thomas,
Religion
, p.565; Burstein, ‘Psychopathology of Old Age’, p.65.

17
Scot,
Discoverie of Witchcraft
, Epistle to Readers, p.xxiii.

18
See
Complete History of Magick, Sorcery and Witchcraft
(1715), I, pp.177–95 for a version of the Belvoir witches’ story written when witchcraft was still part of contemporary belief.

19
Ewen,
Witchcraft
, p.231; Scot,
Discoverie of Witchcraft
, p.5.

20
Macbeth
, Act I, scene I; Dekker, Ford and Rowley,
Witch of Edmonton
, Act V, scene I; Nichols,
Leicestershire
, p.49, note 12; see Ewen,
North Moreton
, p.4.

21
Complete History of Magick
, I, p.179.

22
Ewen,
Witchcraft
, p.233.

23
Notestein,
Witchcraft
, p.134, note 19.

24
See
Complete History of Magick
, I, pp.177–95; Ewen,
Witchcraft
, pp.232–3.

25
Nichols,
Leicestershire
, p.49, note 12.

26
Nichols,
Leicestershire
, p.49.

27
Complete History of Magick
, I, p.193.

28
Ewen,
Witchcraft
, p.233;
Complete History of Magick
, p.195.

29
HMC, Rutland MSS, 12th Report, IV, pp.514, 516.

30
CSP Domestic, 1619–23, p.71; Lockyer,
Buckingham
, p.58.

31
Lockyer,
Buckingham
, p.59; Stone,
Family and Fortune
, p.197.

32
Wilson Life
, p.476.

33
See Larner,
Enemies of God
, p.20, for a summary of recent work on the subject.

34
Macfarlane,
Witchcraft
, p.163; Stearne,
Confirmation of Witchcraft
, p.10; Scot,
Discoverie of Witchcraft
, p.42; Larner,
Enemies of God
, p.20; Burton,
Anatomy of Melancholy
, I, p.210.

35
e.g.
Middlesex County Records
, III, p.287; Ewen,
Witch Hunting
, p.33; cit. Burstein, ‘Psychopathology of Old Age’, p.64.

36
cit. Notestein,
Witchcraft
, p.272, note 6.

37
See Ewen,
Witchcraft
, pp.365–7, for the trial.

38
cit. Ewen,
Witchcraft
, p.372.

39
Notestein,
Witchcraft
, p.272, note 6.

40
cit. Macfarlane,
Witchcraft
, p.114, and see pp.114–30 for ‘cunning folk’ in general;
Verney Memoirs
, IV, p.172.

41
cit. Burstein,
‘Psychopathology of Old Age’
, p.64; Gardiner,
Oxinden Letters
, pp.220–21.

42
Hill,
Intellectual Consequences of the Revolution
, p.64.

43
Athenian Oracle
, III, p.336.

44
Dekker, Ford and Rowley,
Witch of Edmonton
, Act II, scene I.

Chapter 7: Unlearned Virgins

1
Josceline, ‘Mothers Legacy’, BL Add MSS, 27, 467,
Mordaunt Private Diarie
, Appendix, p.228;
Harcourt Papers
, I, pp.153, 173.

2
Quaife,
Wanton Wenches
, p.95.

3
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.76; IV, p.255.

4
Newcastle,
Worlds Olio
, Preface; p.72.

5
Newdegate,
Muniment Room
, p.150; Josceline, ‘Mothers Legacy’, BL Add MSS, 27, 467; Reynolds,
Learned Lady
, p.29.

6
Osborne Letters
, p.100.

7
Letters in Honour of the Dutchess of Newcastle
, pp.4–5, II.

8
Bradstreet Works
, p.361; Oman,
Elizabeth of Bohemia
, p.22.

9
Fraser,
Mary Queen of Scots
, p.180.

10
Reynolds,
Learned Lady
, pp.9, 23; cit. Notestein,
English Woman
, p.82.

11
Clark,
Lives of Eminent Persons
, pp.201–2.

12
Eyre,
Dyurnall
, p.34; Duncon,
Vi-Countess Falkland
, p.152; Fell Smith,
Warwick
, pp.170–71;
Cholmley Memoirs
, p.52.

13
Leigh,
Mothers Blessing
, pp.4, 56.

14
cit. Gardiner,
Girlhood at School
, p.194.

15
Matthew,
Lady Lucy Knatchbull
, p.xiv.

16
Memo of Mary Ward, cit. Chambers,
Mary Ward
, I, p.376, note iii.

17
For the life of Mary Ward, see M.C.E. Chambers’ biography (1885), and post 1945 shorter studies, pamphlets and articles by James Brodrick SJ, Joseph Grisar SJ, Margaret Mary Littlehales IBVM, Pauline Parker IBVM, and Immolata Wetter IBVM.

18
cit. Littlehales,
Mary Ward
, p.13.

19
Chambers,
Mary Ward
, I, pp.410–13.

20
cit. Littlehales,
Mary Ward
, p.14.

21
Wetter,
Apostolic Vocation
, p.89.

22
Littlehales,
Mary Ward
, p.27.

23
cit. Wetter,
Apostolic Vocation
, p.91.

24
Italian Life
(probably written by Mary Poyntz), cit. Littlehales,
Mary Ward
, p.28.

25
Heywood Autobiography
, p.49; Walker,
Holy Life
, p.96; Ballard,
Memoirs of Several Ladies
, p.310.

26
Thornton Autobiography
, pp.233, 342;
Verney Memoirs
, II, p.228.

27
Cressy,
Literacy
, pp.119, 128, 145.

28
Scott Thomson,
Noble Household
, p.120.

29
Scott Thomson,
Noble Household
, pp.75–6.

30
Scott Thomson,
Noble Household
, p.305.

31
Reynolds,
Learned Lady
, p.266;
Hearne Remains
, p.307.

32
Oglander Notebook
, p.74.

33
Conway Letters
, pp.15, 5.

34
Masson,
Milton
, V, p.232;
Collins’ Peerage
, VII p.167.

35
Fell Smith,
Warwick
, p.38.

36
Warwick Autobiography
, pp.14, 22.

37
Masson,
Milton
, V, pp.233–4.

38
Fell Smith,
Warwick
, p.37; Budgell,
Lives of the Boyles
, I, Appendix, p.5; I, p.147.

39
Masson,
Milton
, V, p.457.

40
Fell Smith,
Warwick
, p.315.

41
Fell Smith,
Warwick
, p.357.

42
Locke Correspondence
, II, p.219; Fell Smith,
Warwick
, p.347.

43
Walker,
Holy Life
, p.39; Clarke,
Lives of Eminent Persons
, p.201.

44
Halkett and Fanshawe
, pp.10, 110;
Thornton Autobiography
, p.8.

45
All’s Well That Ends Well
, Act I, scene III.

46
See Lucy Hutchinson,
Memoirs of Col. Hutchinson
, ed. James Sutherland, pp.28–35 and 288–9 for her account of her education.

47
cit. Hutchinson,
Memoirs
, pp.278–89.

48
Hutchinson,
Memoirs
, p.33.

49
Hutchinson,
Memoirs
, p.48.

50
Roberts,
Social History
, p.378; Thompson,
Women in Stuart England
, p.204; Gardiner,
Girlhood at School
, pp.276–94.

51
Thompson,
Women in Stuart England
, pp.192–3.

52
Mulcaster,
Positions
, cit. Cressy,
Education
, pp.109–11.

53
Thompson,
Women in Stuart England
, pp. 189–90.

54
Gardiner,
Girlhood at School
, p.181.

55
Gardiner,
Oxinden and Peyton
, p.128;
Thornton Autobiography
, p.8; Gardiner,
Girlhood at School
, p.159.

56
F. P. Verney, 1892,
Verney Memoirs
, I, p.xiii; Dorothy Gardiner 1933,
Oxinden Letters
, p.xxviii.

57
cit. Goreau,
Aphra
, p.31.

58
Lambley,
French Language
, pp.263–4, 299;
Harley Letters
, p.13.

59
Artamenes
, Dedication.

60
Verney Memoirs
, III, p.66.

61
Verney Memoirs
, III, pp.72–4.

62
Verney Memoirs
, III, p.74.

63
Dr Denton had sat on the Council of the Girls’ Public Day Schools Company,
Verney Memoirs
, I, p.72.

Chapter 8: Living under Obedience

1
See Batchiler,
Virgin’s Pattern
; Gardiner,
Girlhood at School
, pp.211–13.

2
Batchiler,
Virgin’s Pattern
, Epitaph.

3
Theodore Spencer in ‘History of an Unfortunate Lady’.

4
Batchiler,
Virgin’s Pattern
.

5
Batchiler,
Virgin’s Pattern
.

6
Batchiler,
Virgin’s Pattern
.

7
Milton cit. Goreau,
Aphra
, p.76; Clarke,
Lives of Eminent Persons
, p.135; Chambers,
Mary Ward
, I, p.210.

8
Newcastle,
CCXI Letters
, p.124; Evelyn,
Mrs Godolphin
, pp.75, 121.

9
See
Halkett and Fanshawe
, pp.12–20.

10
Gibbon,
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
, I,
Chapter 3
; Chambers,
Maty Ward
, I, pp.203–5; Clarke,
Lives of Eminent Persons
, p.135.

11
Warner,
Alone of All Her Sex
, pp.246–7.

12
Stafford,
Femall Glory
, pp.25, 32.

13
Stafford,
Femall Glory
, p.168.

14
Laslett,
World we have lost
(1983), p.27, describes the gentry class and above as one twenty-fifth or at most one twentieth of the population; OED; Bridenbaugh,
Vexed Englishmen
, p.147.