The Wars of Watergate (131 page)

31.
TT, the President and Dean, April 16, 1973 (4:07
P.M.
–4:35
P.M.
), HJC,
Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations
, 209–18.

32.
TT, Telephone Conversation Between the President and Petersen, April 16, 1973 (8:58
P.M.
–9:14
P.M.
),
WHT;
TT, the President and Dean, March 21, 1973 (10:12
A.M.
–11:55
A.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA.

33.
Dennis V. N. McCarthy,
Protecting the President: The Inside Story of a Secret Service Agent
(New York, 1985), 21;
WP
, April 18, 1973.

34.
TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, April 17, 1973 (12:35
P.M.
–2:20
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA. Ehrlichman Notes, April 17, 1973, Box 14, Ehrlichman Papers, NP.

35.
TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Ehrlichman, April 17, 1973 (2:39
P.M.
–2:40
P.M.
),
WHT.

36.
TT, the President and Petersen, April 17, 1973 (2:46
P.M.
–3:49
P.M.
),
WHT.
Nixon later told Haldeman that his failure to give Dean immunity in April was a key moment. H. R. Haldeman,
The Ends of Power
(New York, 1978), 309.

37.
TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, April 17, 1973 (3:50
P.M.
–4:35
P.M.
),
WHT.

38.
TT, the President, Rogers, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 17, 1973 (5:20
P.M.
–7:14
P.M.
),
WHT.

39.
TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Petersen, April 18, 1973 (2:50
P.M.
–2:56
P.M.
),
WHT.

40.
TT, the President and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973 (1:03
P.M.
–1:30
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA.

41.
TT, the President and Moore, April 19, 1973 (3:45
P.M.
–5:00
P.M.
), Jaworski Papers, Texas Collection, Baylor University; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Kalmbach, April 19, 1973,
U.S. v. M
, NA; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973, (8:31
A.M.
–10:12
A.M.
), quoted in Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 263.

42.
TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973 (9:31
A.M.
–10:12
A.M.
), quoted in Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 264–65; TT, the President, Wilson, and Strickler, April 19, 1973 (8:26
P.M.
–9:32
P.M.
),
WHT.

43.
TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 25, 1973 (11:06
A.M.
–11:55
A.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA. Additional fragments quoted in Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 267–71; Leon Jaworski,
Confession and Avoidance: A Memoir
(New York, 1979), 214–15. The derogatory remarks about Petersen are in Ehrlichman Notes, April 25, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; TT, the President and Haldeman, April 26, 1973,
WP
, May 1, 1977.

44.
TT, the President and Haldeman, April 25, 1973 (4:40
P.M.
–5:30
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA; TT, Telephone Conversation between the President and Haldeman, April 25, 1973 (7:46
P.M.
–7:53
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA; TT, the President and Haldeman, April 26, 1973 (8:55
A.M.
–10:20
A.M.
),
WP
, May 1, 1977.

45.
TT, Telephone Conversations Between the President and Ehrlichman, April 25, 1973 (7:17
P.M.
–7:19
P.M.
, 7:25
P.M.
–7:39
P.M.
), Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 278–79; TT, the
President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 26, 1973, Haldeman,
ibid.
, 282–87, and reprinted in
WP
, May 1, 1977; Petersen Testimony, HJC,
Testimony of Witnesses
(July 12, 1974), 3:98, 99–100.

46.
Silbert Diary.

47.
TT, the President, Petersen and Ziegler (partial), April 27, 1973 (5:37
P.M.
–5:43
P.M.
; 6:04
P.M.
–6:48
P.M.
),
WHT;
Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985; Petersen Testimony, HJC,
Testimony of Witnesses
(July 12, 1974), 3:138. Petersen bluntly summed up his dealings with the President: “You are looking at a guy who was, if you will excuse the expression, screwed.” Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985.

48.
Ehrlichman Notes, April 27, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.

49.
Ehrlichman Notes, April 27, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Petersen Testimony, HJC,
Testimony of Witnesses
(July 12, 1974), 3:76.

50.
Ruckelshaus Interview, August 21, 1986; Neil Welch and David W. Marston,
Inside Hoover’s FBI
(New York, 1984), 196–97; Telephone Conversation Summary, Louis Nichols to Rose Mary Woods, May 8, 1973, NPF, Box 19, NP.

51.
Ruckelshaus Interview, August 21, 1986.

52.
The accounts of the Camp David meeting vary somewhat. See Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:381–85, 354; Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 288–94; Ehrlichman,
Witness to Power
, 389–91; Kleindienst,
Justice
, 167–69. Haldeman Notes, April 29, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP; Elliot Richardson Notes, April 29, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Henry A. Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
(Boston, 1982), 102–03.

53.
Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:386–88.

54.
Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
, 104; Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:384; Emmett John Hughes,
New York Times Magazine
, June 9, 1974, 70, cited in Fawn Brodie,
Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character
(New York, 1981), 28–29; Moynihan to Nixon, April 22, 1973, NPF, Box 12, NP.

55.
Silbert Diary; Silbert to Author, February 26, 1988.

1.
TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Krogh, May 2, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Buchanan to the President, May 3, 1973, NPF, Box 6, NP; Kevin Phillips,
The American Political Report
, May 7, 1973.

2.
James Kilpatrick Interview with Nixon, May 14, 1974,
Washington Star; NYT
, May 2, 1973; Richard Kleindienst,
Justice
(Ottawa, IL, 1985), 169–70; Garment to the President, May 1, 1973, Garment MS, LC; Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein,
All the President’s Men
(New York, 1974), 311.

3.
TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Haldeman, June 4, 1973, in H. R. Haldeman,
The Ends of Power
(New York, 1978), 198–200; TT, the President, Haig, and Ziegler, June 4, 1973, HJC,
Statement of Information
, 9:177–236, and additional excerpt in
WP
, May 1, 1977; Henry Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
(Boston, 1982), 110; “Tapes Chronology,” Memo in Graham MS, LC. Ehrlichman also remained, drafting statements for Ziegler and generally expressing contempt for the new staff: TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Ziegler, April 30, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 28, NP.

4.
Congressman John Moss (D–CA) to Elmer B. Staats (Comptroller General), June 7, 1973; to Elliot Richardson, June 21, 1973; to Archibald Cox, July 30, 1973; and replies, all in Haig Witness File, WGSPF Records, NA; St. Clair Interview, April 10, 1987; Garment Interview, April 12, 1988; Whitehead Interview, May 25, 1988.

5.
Agnew Interview, January 14, 1989; Spiro Agnew,
Go Quietly … Or Else
(New York,
1980), 190–91; Garment Interview, April 12, 1988; Haig to Haldeman, April 26, 1971, Haldeman Papers, Box 273, NP.

6.
General Bruce Palmer, Jr.,
The 25-Year War: America’s Military Role in Vietnam
(Lexington, KY, 1984), 98, 135–36.

7.
See Chapter V,
supra;
Haldeman Talking Paper to Haig, January 8, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 179, NP.

8.
Agnew Interview, January 14, 1989; Bull Interviews, May 7, July 20, 1987; Richardson Interviews, May 14, 30, 1985; Nguyen Tien Hung and Jerrold L. Schechter,
The Palace File
(New York, 1986), 139; Kissinger,
Years of Upheaval
, 107.

9.
Ehrlichman Notes, June 16, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 6, NP.

10.
Richardson Interviews, May 14, 30, 1985; Richardson to Nixon, January 8, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 110, NP; Richardson Notes, April 29, 1973, Richardson MS, LC.

11.
Richardson Interviews, May 14, 30, 1985; Elliot L. Richardson,
The Creative Balance
(New York, 1976), 3, 5.

12.
Richardson Notes, April 29, 1973, Richardson MS, LC.

13.
TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Richardson, April 30, 1973, Richardson MS, LC. Richardson’s extensive notes of his briefings and inquiries during the first week in May are in the WGSPF Records, Administrative Files, NA, as well as in the Richardson MS, LC.

14.
Richardson Notes, April 29, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; TT, April 14, 1973, NP.

15.
WRH [Wilmot Hastings] to Richardson, May 4, 1973; Memo to Richardson, May 9, 1973; Griswold to Richardson, undated memo, Richardson MS, LC; Richardson Interview, May 30, 1985; Leon Jaworski,
The Right and the Power
(New York, 1976), 2; Tyler to Author, August 21, 1987.

16.
Richardson Memo, October 19, 1973; Titus, et al. to Richardson, April 30, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Silbert Diary.

17.
Nomination of Elliot L. Richardson to be Attorney General
, Hearings, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 93 Cong., 1 Sess. (May 21, 1973), 146–225.

18.
Richard Nixon,
RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon
(paperback ed., New York, 1979), 2:461–64, 486; Bork Interview, June 17, 1987; Lukas Interview, November 20, 1987; Garment Interview, April 12, 1988;
Human Events
, August 4, 1973, 611.

19.
Richardson Testimony,
Special Prosecutor
, Hearings, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 93 Cong., 1 Sess., 405–07.

20.
Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985; Petersen Testimony, SSC,
Hearings
(August 9, 1973), 9:3639; Griswold Interview, May 4, 1987.

21.
Ruckelshaus Interview, August 21, 1986; Agnew,
Go Quietly
, 60; Richardson Interviews, May 14, 30, 1985; Richardson Memo, October 19, 1973, Richardson MS, LC.

22.
Archibald Cox,
The Court and the Constitution
(Boston, 1987), 2; Sam Ervin,
The Whole Truth
(New York, 1980), 94, 118; Bork Interview, June 17, 1987.

23.
Los Angeles Times
, January 28, 1973; Ervin,
The Whole Truth
, 12, 98–99; Jack Anderson Column in
WP
, May 25, 1973; Titus to Richardson, April 30, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Silbert Interview, November 20, 1987. Two accounts, reflecting the point of view of the Special Prosecutor’s office, give some credit to the U.S. Attorney’s office, but somewhat grudgingly: Richard Ben-Veniste and George Frampton, Jr.,
Stonewall: The Real Story of the Watergate Prosecution
(New York, 1977), 24; James Doyle,
Not Above the Law: The Battle of Watergate Prosecutors Cox and Jaworski
(New York, 1977), 51–52, 80–81. A more detached and balanced assessment is in George V. Higgins, “The Judge Who Tried Harder,”
Atlantic
, April 1974, 102–03.

24.
Silbert Interviews, September 30, 1988, February 23, 1989; Titus to Richardson, May 15, 1973; Richardson to Titus, May 17, 1973; Titus to Richardson, May 18, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Silbert Diary.

25.
Samuel Dash,
Chief Counsel
(New York, 1976), 71–73, 152; Armstrong Interview, February 9, 1987; Silbert Diary; Cox,
The Court and the Constitution
, 3.

26.
Silbert Diary.

27.
Silbert to Cox, June 7, 1973, WGSPF Records, NA. This extraordinary memo is summarily acknowledged in the Special Prosecutor’s
Final Report
, October 1975, 193. It is treated with other data as reflecting the attempt of Silbert and his colleagues to stay in the case or to get Cox to accept their theories—altogether, a wrong, ungracious, and territorial interpretation. Dash,
Chief Counsel
, 143.

28.
Silbert, Glanzer, and Campbell to Cox, June 29, 1973; Cox to Silbert, et al., June 29, 1973, WGSPF Records, NA.

29.
L. M. Walters to Cox, May 29, 1973; Phil Heymann to Cox and Vorenberg, June 18, 1973; Jim Doyle to Senior Staff, June 25, 1973 and August 15, 1973, WGSPF Records, Administrative Files, NA.

30.
Dash,
Chief Counsel
, 141–46; Dash Interview, February 5, 1986; Minutes, February 7, 1973, SSC Records, NA; Cox to Ervin, June 4, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Minutes, June 5, 1973, SSC Records, NA; Ervin,
The Whole Truth
, 116–17.

31.
Dean Testimony, SSC,
Hearings
(June 25, 1973), 3:983–89, 1243–1246, including White House agendas for Baker meeting; Ehrlichman Notes, February 23, 24, March 13, 16, 20, 23, 29, 30, April 8, 11, 14, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.

32.
TT, Telephone Conversations, Ehrlichman and Colson, March 30, April 20, 1973; Ehrlichman and Mitchell, April 11, 1973; Ehrlichman and Baker, April 2, 13, 16, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 28, NP.

33.
Ehrlichman Notes, April 4, 17, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, March 27, 1973,
WHT;
TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Gray, March 27, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 28, NP; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Kleindienst, March 28, 1973,
WHT.