The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst (89 page)
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23
New York Times,
September 5, 1896.
New York Times,
September 5, 1896.
24
Jones, op. cit., 173.
Jones, op. cit., 173.
25
New York Times,
September 5, 1896.
New York Times,
September 5, 1896.
26
New York Journal,
July 9, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 9, 1896.
27
H. Wayne Morgan,
William McKinley and His America
(Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963), 240.
H. Wayne Morgan,
William McKinley and His America
(Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1963), 240.
28
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
29
Ibid.
Ibid.
30
Ibid.
Ibid.
31
Ibid.
Ibid.
32
Ibid.
Ibid.
33
Ibid; William Jennings Bryan, “The Cross of Gold,” ed. Robert W. Cherny, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996).
Ibid; William Jennings Bryan, “The Cross of Gold,” ed. Robert W. Cherny, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996).
34
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
35
New York Journal,
July 11, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 11, 1896.
36
Ibid.
Ibid.
37
Ibid.
Ibid.
38
New York Times,
July 10, 1896.
New York Times,
July 10, 1896.
39
New York
World,
July 10, 1896, July 12, 1896.
New York
World,
July 10, 1896, July 12, 1896.
40
New York
World,
July 12, 1896.
New York
World,
July 12, 1896.
41
New York
World,
July 10, 1896, July 11, 1896.
New York
World,
July 10, 1896, July 11, 1896.
42
New York
World,
July 21, 1896.
New York
World,
July 21, 1896.
43
Seitz,
Pulitzer,
op. cit., 226.
Seitz,
Pulitzer,
op. cit., 226.
44
Swanberg,
Pulitzer,
op. cit., 212.
Swanberg,
Pulitzer,
op. cit., 212.
45
Winkler, op. cit., 82.
Winkler, op. cit., 82.
46
Ibid.
Ibid.
47
World’s Work,
October 1922.
World’s Work,
October 1922.
48
New York Journal,
July 3, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 3, 1896.
49
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 10, 1896.
50
New York Journal,
July 11, 1896.
New York Journal,
July 11, 1896.
51
Rodney P. Carlisle,
Hearst and the New Deal: The Progressive as Reactionary
(New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979), ix.
Rodney P. Carlisle,
Hearst and the New Deal: The Progressive as Reactionary
(New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1979), ix.
52
Michael Kazin,
A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan
(New York: Anchor Books, 2007), xix, xv; Jones, op. cit., 68.
Michael Kazin,
A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan
(New York: Anchor Books, 2007), xix, xv; Jones, op. cit., 68.
53
Charles Palmer to PAH, April 16, 1896, Bancroft Papers.
Charles Palmer to PAH, April 16, 1896, Bancroft Papers.
54
Ibid.
Ibid.
55
The Fourth Estate,
July 23, 1896, April 16, 1896, October 15, 1896; Bradford Merrill to James Creelman, James Creelman Papers, Rare Books and Manuscript Library, University of Ohio; hereafter cited as Creelman Papers.
The Fourth Estate,
July 23, 1896, April 16, 1896, October 15, 1896; Bradford Merrill to James Creelman, James Creelman Papers, Rare Books and Manuscript Library, University of Ohio; hereafter cited as Creelman Papers.
1
New York Journal,
May 19, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 19, 1896.
2
New York Journal,
September 2, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 2, 1896.
3
New York Journal,
August 30, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 30, 1896.
4
New York Journal,
September 13, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 13, 1896.
5
New York Journal,
June 19, 1896.
New York Journal,
June 19, 1896.
6
Abbot, op. cit., 124.
Abbot, op. cit., 124.
7
Abbot, ibid., 125; Robert L. Gates, “Alfred Henry Lewis,”
American National Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press), 557-558.
Abbot, ibid., 125; Robert L. Gates, “Alfred Henry Lewis,”
American National Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press), 557-558.
8
Abbot, ibid., 124.
Abbot, ibid., 124.
9
Albert Payson Terhune,
To The Best of My Memory
(New York: Harpers, 1930), 122.
Albert Payson Terhune,
To The Best of My Memory
(New York: Harpers, 1930), 122.
10
Edith Garrigues Hawthorne, ed.,
The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne
(New York: MacMillan Co., 1938), 286-287.
Edith Garrigues Hawthorne, ed.,
The Memoirs of Julian Hawthorne
(New York: MacMillan Co., 1938), 286-287.
11
New York Journal,
April 13, 1896.
New York Journal,
April 13, 1896.
12
Ibid.
Ibid.
13
Leech, op. cit., 58-59.
Leech, op. cit., 58-59.
14
Ibid., 62-65; Jones, op. cit., 103-105, 128.
Ibid., 62-65; Jones, op. cit., 103-105, 128.
15
New York Journal,
April 14, 1896.
New York Journal,
April 14, 1896.
16
Ibid.
Ibid.
17
New York Journal,
May 4, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 4, 1896.
18
Ibid.
Ibid.
19
Ibid.;
New York Times,
October 24, 1884.
Ibid.;
New York Times,
October 24, 1884.
20
Leland Huot and Alfred Powers,
Homer Davenport of Silverton
(Bingen: West Shore Press, 1973), 19-22.
Leland Huot and Alfred Powers,
Homer Davenport of Silverton
(Bingen: West Shore Press, 1973), 19-22.
21
Ibid., 3.
Ibid., 3.
22
Ibid., 4.
Ibid., 4.
23
Ibid., 39-41.
Ibid., 39-41.
24
Ibid., 61-62.
Ibid., 61-62.
25
Ibid., 65-73, 94.
Ibid., 65-73, 94.
26
Ibid., 77-79.
Ibid., 77-79.
27
Ibid.;
New York Times,
January 2, 1910.
Ibid.;
New York Times,
January 2, 1910.
28
Huot and Powers, op. cit., 81-82.
Huot and Powers, op. cit., 81-82.
29
Ibid., 115-124.
Ibid., 115-124.
30
New York Journal,
May 7, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 7, 1896.
31
New York Journal,
November 8, 1896.
New York Journal,
November 8, 1896.
32
Lewis L. Gould, “William McKinley,”
American National Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 122-125.
Lewis L. Gould, “William McKinley,”
American National Biography
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 122-125.
33
Huot and Powers, op. cit., 98-99;
New York Journal,
May 20, 1896.
Huot and Powers, op. cit., 98-99;
New York Journal,
May 20, 1896.
34
New York Journal,
September 8, 1896, August 4, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 8, 1896, August 4, 1896.
35
New York
World,
August 9, 1896.
New York
World,
August 9, 1896.
36
New York
World,
June 20, 1896.
New York
World,
June 20, 1896.
37
James E. Pollard,
The Presidents and the Press
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1947), 559; Kevin Phillips,
William McKinley
(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003), 72; David Herbert Croly,
Marcus Alonzo Hanna: His Life and Work
(New York: MacMillan Co., 1912), 224.
James E. Pollard,
The Presidents and the Press
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1947), 559; Kevin Phillips,
William McKinley
(New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2003), 72; David Herbert Croly,
Marcus Alonzo Hanna: His Life and Work
(New York: MacMillan Co., 1912), 224.
38
Charles William Calhoun,
The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America
(Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), 241.
Charles William Calhoun,
The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America
(Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), 241.
39
New York Journal,
May 23, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 23, 1896.
40
New York Journal,
August 7, 1896, June 19, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 7, 1896, June 19, 1896.
41
New York Journal,
May 6, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 6, 1896.
42
New York Journal
June 19, 1896; see also April 13, 1896, May 27, 1896, June 21, 1896.
New York Journal
June 19, 1896; see also April 13, 1896, May 27, 1896, June 21, 1896.
43
New York Journal,
May 18, 1896.
New York Journal,
May 18, 1896.
44
New York Journal,
April 22, 1896, June 13, 1896.
New York Journal,
April 22, 1896, June 13, 1896.
45
New York Journal,
August 2, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 2, 1896.
46
New York Journal,
June 11, 1896.
New York Journal,
June 11, 1896.
47
Morgan,
William McKinley and his America,
op. cit., 184.
Morgan,
William McKinley and his America,
op. cit., 184.
48
Leech, op. cit., 38.
Leech, op. cit., 38.
49
Francis Russell,
President Makers,
op. cit., 19.
Francis Russell,
President Makers,
op. cit., 19.
50
Clarence A. Stern,
Resurgent Republicanism: The Handiwork of Hanna
(Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1968), 19.
Clarence A. Stern,
Resurgent Republicanism: The Handiwork of Hanna
(Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1968), 19.
51
Leech, op. cit., 83; Thomas Beer,
Hanna
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1929), 142; Stern, op. cit., 39.
Leech, op. cit., 83; Thomas Beer,
Hanna
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1929), 142; Stern, op. cit., 39.
52
New York Journal,
August 21, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 21, 1896.
53
Leech, op. cit., 99.
Leech, op. cit., 99.
54
Croly, op. cit., 170; Quentin R. Skrabec Jr.,
William McKinley: Apostle of Protectionism
(New York: Algora Publishing, 2008), 253.
Croly, op. cit., 170; Quentin R. Skrabec Jr.,
William McKinley: Apostle of Protectionism
(New York: Algora Publishing, 2008), 253.
55
Stern, op. cit., 11.
Stern, op. cit., 11.
56
Morgan,
William McKinley and His America,
op. cit., 199.
Morgan,
William McKinley and His America,
op. cit., 199.
57
H. H. Kohlsaat,
From McKinley To Harding (
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923), 77; Beer, op. cit., 165.
H. H. Kohlsaat,
From McKinley To Harding (
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923), 77; Beer, op. cit., 165.
1
Charles Edward Russell, “William Randolph Hearst,” op. cit.
Charles Edward Russell, “William Randolph Hearst,” op. cit.
2
New York Journal,
September 4, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 4, 1896.
3
Frank Luther Mott, “Newspapers in Presidential Campaigns,”
Public Opinion Quarterly
8 (1944): 348.
Frank Luther Mott, “Newspapers in Presidential Campaigns,”
Public Opinion Quarterly
8 (1944): 348.
4
New York
World,
September 29, 1896.
New York
World,
September 29, 1896.
5
David Traxel,
1898: The Birth of the American Century
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 19.
David Traxel,
1898: The Birth of the American Century
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 19.
6
Phillips, op. cit., 74.
Phillips, op. cit., 74.
7
New York Journal,
August 11, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 11, 1896.
8
Henry Russell, “Julian Hawthorne,”
American National Biography,
vol. 10 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 356; Harold P. Miller, “Julian Hawthorne,”
Dictionary of American Biography,
vol. 21 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944), 386.
Henry Russell, “Julian Hawthorne,”
American National Biography,
vol. 10 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 356; Harold P. Miller, “Julian Hawthorne,”
Dictionary of American Biography,
vol. 21 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944), 386.
9
Ronald S. Marmarelli, “James Creelman,”
Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Newspaper Journalists, 1873-1900,
vol. 23 (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1983), 56.
Ronald S. Marmarelli, “James Creelman,”
Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Newspaper Journalists, 1873-1900,
vol. 23 (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1983), 56.
10
James Creelman,
On the Great Highway
(Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co., 1901), 62.
James Creelman,
On the Great Highway
(Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co., 1901), 62.
11
Joseph Pulitzer to James Creelman, February 18, 1896, Creelman Papers.
Joseph Pulitzer to James Creelman, February 18, 1896, Creelman Papers.
12
New York
World,
October 24, 1896.
New York
World,
October 24, 1896.
13
New York
World,
November 1, 1896.
New York
World,
November 1, 1896.
14
Morgan,
William McKinley and His America,
op. cit., 230-233.
Morgan,
William McKinley and His America,
op. cit., 230-233.
15
Leech, op. cit., 94.
Leech, op. cit., 94.
16
New York Journal,
August 5, 1896; Morgan,
William McKinley and his America,
op. cit., 228.
New York Journal,
August 5, 1896; Morgan,
William McKinley and his America,
op. cit., 228.
17
Jones, op. cit., 282; Patrick J. Kelly, “The Election of 1896 and the Restructuring of Civil War Memory,”
Civil War History
49 (September 2003): 261.
Jones, op. cit., 282; Patrick J. Kelly, “The Election of 1896 and the Restructuring of Civil War Memory,”
Civil War History
49 (September 2003): 261.
18
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
19
Jones, op. cit., 279.
Jones, op. cit., 279.
20
Roy Everett Littlefield III,
William Randolph Hearst: His Role in American Progressivism
(Lanham: University Press of America, 1980), 34.
Roy Everett Littlefield III,
William Randolph Hearst: His Role in American Progressivism
(Lanham: University Press of America, 1980), 34.
21
Jones, op. cit., 297, 302.
Jones, op. cit., 297, 302.
22
New York Journal,
September 17, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 17, 1896.
23
Jones, op. cit., 311.
Jones, op. cit., 311.
24
Patrick J. Kelly, op. cit., 261.
Patrick J. Kelly, op. cit., 261.
25
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
26
New York Journal,
September 5, 1896.
New York Journal,
September 5, 1896.
27
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
Kazin, op. cit., 66.
28
Abbot, op. cit., 181-182.
Abbot, op. cit., 181-182.
29
New York Journal,
August 1, 1896, August 8, 1896, September 5, 1896, September 22, 1896.
New York Journal,
August 1, 1896, August 8, 1896, September 5, 1896, September 22, 1896.
30
Patrick J. Kelly, op. cit., 272.
Patrick J. Kelly, op. cit., 272.
31
New York Tribune,
October 30, 1896.
New York Tribune,
October 30, 1896.
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