The Tin Ticket: The Heroic Journey of Australia's Convict Women (43 page)

Chapter 6: Ludlow’s Choice

1
Daniel Pool,
What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 30.

2
Eliza Lynn Linton, “On the Side of the Maids,”
Cornhill Magazine
, Vol. 29, No. 171 (1874), 304.

3
Pool,
What Jane Austen Ate
, 30.

4
Ibid., 252.

5
Judith Flanders,
Inside the Victorian Home
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 371.

6
Charles Dickens,
Sketches by Boz
(London: Everyone’s Library, 1968), 164.

7
Ellen W. Darwin, “Domestic Service,”
Nineteenth Century
, Vol. 39, No. 162 (August 1890), 290.

8
Sally Mitchell, ed.,
Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia
(New York: Garland Publishing, 1988), 706.

9
Linton, “On the Side of the Maids,” 304.

10
Bobbie Kalman,
Victorian Christmas
(New York: Crabtree Publishing, 1997), 6.

11
Sian Rees,
The Floating Brothel
(New York: Hyperion Press, 2002), 37.

12
Ibid., 24.

13
The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, “History of the Old Bailey Courthouse,”
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//static/The-old-bailey.jsp
.

14
Rees,
The Floating Brothel
, 25.

15
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-301-18381217&div=t18381217-301
.

16
Ibid.

17
The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, “Trial Procedures: How Trials Were Conducted at the Old Bailey,”
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/ITrial-procedures.jsp
.

18
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-301,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-301-18381217&div=t18381217-301
.

19
Henry Mayhew with William S. Gilbert,
London Characters: Illustrations of the Humour, Pathos, and Peculiarities
(London: Chatto & Windus, 1881), 216.

20
Ibid., 213.

21
Clive Emsley,
Crime and Society in England, 1750-1900
(Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2005), 201.

22
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-350,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-350-18381217&div=t18381217-350
.

23
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-330,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-330-18381217&div=t18381217-330
.

24
The Old Bailey Online: The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913, “Punishments at the Old Bailey,”
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/static/Punishment.jsp
.

25
Mayhew,
London Characters
, 204.

26
Heather Shore,
Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early 19th-Century London
(Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 1999), 134.

27
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-417,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-417-18381217&div=t18381217-417
.

28
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-269,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org//Ibrowse.jsp?id=def1-269-18381217&div=t18381217-269
.

29
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-333-18381217&div=t18381217-333
.

30
Proceedings of the Old Bailey Central Criminal Court, Sessions Paper, held on Monday, 17 December 1838, Reference Number: t18381217-333,
http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=def1-300-18381217&div=t18381217-300
.

31
Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley,
Women Transported: Life in Australia’s Convict Female Factories
(Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 18.

32
Ibid.

Chapter 7: Liverpool Street

1
Michele Field and Timothy Millett, eds.,
Convict Love Tokens
(Kent Town, Australia: Wakefield Press, 1998), 13-14.

2
Ibid., 4.

3
Description List: Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 296.

4
Ibid., 141.

5
Description List: Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 261.

6
Description List: Mary Sullivan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 306.

7
Description List: Hannah Herbert, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 265.

8
Description List: Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 321.

9
John Love, Surgeon Superintendent, “Surgeon’s Report
Mellish
,” ADM 101/53, Archives of Tasmania, Reel 3204.

10
Patrick Howard,
To Hell or to Hobart
(Kenthurst, Australia: Kangaroo Press, 1993), 124.

11
Malcolm Ronan,
Up and Down the River: The Butlers from Benenden
(Melbourne, Australia: Macron Publishing, 1998), 14.

12
Ibid.

13
Conduct Record, Amy Wilson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 175; Conduct Record, Mary Grady, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/4, 177; Conduct Record, Ann Price, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/8, 141.

14
Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113.

15
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4.

16
Joan C. Brown,
Poverty Is Not a Crime: Social Services in Tasmania, 1803-1900
(Hobart, Australia: Tasmanian Historical Research Association, 1972), 63.

17
Kay Daniels,
Convict Women
(Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), 124.

18
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), “Fatality of the Factory Nursery Repeated!” Tuesday, 29 May 1838, 4.

19
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), “Coroners Inquest: Inspection of the Female Factory,” Tuesday, 3 April 1838, 6.

20
Colonial Times
, “Fatality of the Factory Nursery Repeated!”

21
Ibid.

22
Ibid.

23
George Mackaness,
Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part I
(Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 37-38.

24
Rebecca Kippen, “‘And the Mortality Frightful’: Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen’s Land,” paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 5.

25
Hobart Town Courier
, “Fashions for March,” Friday, 23 July 1841, 4.

26
Brown,
Poverty Is Not a Crime
, 27.

27
Joyce Purtscher,
Children in Queen’s Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1863
(New Town, Australia: Irene Schaffer, 1993).

28
Joyce Purtscher, “Queen’s Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879,” paper presented to Female Factory Research Group, November 2007, 2, 8.

29
Ibid., 9.

30
Ibid., 12.

31
Ibid., 1.

32
Brown,
Poverty Is Not a Crime
, 67.

33
Purtscher, “Queen’s Orphanage Hobart Town, 1828-1879,” 7.

34
Ibid., 4.

35
Ibid., 6.

36
John Price, Letter to Josiah Spode, Principal Superintendent of Convicts, March 19, 1841, Archives of Tasmania, Colonial Secretary’s Office 5/1/282/7406.

37
Ibid.

38
Ibid.

39
Ibid.

40
Margaret Rolfe,
Australian Quilt Heritage
(Rushcutters Bay, Australia: J. B. Fairfax Press, 1998), 19.

41
Mackaness,
Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin
, 22.

42
Hobart Town Courier
, Friday, 30 July 1841, 3.

43
Supplementary Conduct Record, Ellen Scott, Archives of Tasmania, CON 32/1/1, 309.

44
Female Factory Research Group,
Convict Lives: Women at Cascades Female Factory
(Hobart, Australia: Research Tasmania, 2009), 68.

45
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 10 March 1840, 4.

46
Female Factory Research Group,
Convict Lives
, 52, 55.

47
Female Factory Research Group, “Infant Deaths at Hobart Nurseries” (name misspelled as William Hoaston),
http://www.femalefactory.com.au/FFRG/nurseries.htm
.

Chapter 8: The Yellow C

1
Conduct Record, Janet Houston, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/6, 9.

2
Joy Damousi,
Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts, Sexuality and Gender in Colonial Australia
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 109.

3
Damousi,
Depraved and Disorderly
, 91.

4
Ibid.

5
Rebecca Kippen, “‘And the Mortality Frightful’: Infant and Child Mortality in the Convict Nurseries of Van Diemen’s Land,” paper for Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 4.

6
Kippen, “‘And the Mortality Frightful,’” 4.

7
Hobart Town Courier
, “Rules and Regulations,” Saturday, 10 October 1829, 4.

8
Kippen, “‘And the Mortality Frightful,’” 5.

9
“Convict Maid,” Australian Folk Songs, from Butterss & Webby,
Penguin Book of Australian Ballads
,
http://folkstream.com/026.html
.

10
Hyland, Jeanette E.,
Maids, Masters and Magistrates
(Blackmans Bay, Australia: Clan Hogarth Publishing, 2007), 18.

11
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), Tuesday, 7 April 1846, 3.

12
James Boyce,
Van Diemen’s Land
(Melbourne, Australia: Black, 2009), 179.

13
Lt. Colonel Godfrey Charles Mundy,
Our Antipodes: or, Residence and Rambles in the Australasian Colonies, with a Glimpse of the Goldfields
(London: Richard Bentley, 1855), 501.

14
Hobart Town Courier
, “Rules and Regulations.”

15
Damousi,
Depraved and Disorderly
, 60.

16
Description List: Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/12, 247.

17
Description List: Mary Devereux, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/13, 511.

18
Description List: Frances Hutchinson, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 17.

19
David Kent, “Decorative Bodies: The Significance of Convicts’ Tattoos,”
Journal of Australian Studies
, No. 53 (1 June 1997), 79.

20
Conduct Record, Eliza Smith, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 14.

21
Damousi,
Depraved and Disorderly
, 61.

22
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), “Calendar for the Ensuing Week,” Tuesday, 16 August 1842, 2.

23
Damousi,
Depraved and Disorderly
, 60.

24
Ibid., 61.

25
Colonial Times
(Hobart, Australia), “The Factory,” Tuesday, 1 February 1842, 2.

26
Ibid.

27
George Mackaness,
Some Private Correspondence of Sir John and Lady Jane Franklin (Tasmania, 1837-1845), Part II
(Sydney: D. S. Ford Printers, 1947), 51.

28
Ibid.

29
Ibid.

30
Kippen, “‘And the Mortality Frightful,’” 7.

31
Ludlow Tedder, Testimony before the Principal Superintendent, Tuesday, 14 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, AC 480/1/1.

32
Description List: Eliza Morgan, Archives of Tasmania, CON 19/1/14, 235.

33
Stefan Petrow, “Policing in a Penal Colony: Governor Arthur’s Police System in Van Die-men’s Land, 1826-1836,”
Law and History Review
, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Summer 2000),
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/18.2/petrow.html
(18 October 2009).

34
Ibid.

35
Ibid.

36
Eleanor Conlin Casella, “To Watch or Restrain: Female Convict Prisons in 19th-Century Tasmania,”
International Journal of Historical Archaeology
, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2001), 61.

37
Lucy Frost and Hamish Maxwell-Stewart,
Chain Letters: Narrating Convict Lives
(Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2001), 81.

38
Ibid.

39
Ibid., 82.

40
Hobart Court of Petty Sessions May-November 1842, Tuesday, 21 June 1842, Archives of Tasmania, LC 247/1/11, 154.

41
Hobart Town Courier
, “Rules and Regulations,” Saturday, 10 October 1829, 4.

42
Conduct Record, Ludlow Tedder, Archives of Tasmania, CON 40/1/10, 113.

43
Gay Hendriksen, Dr. Carol Liston, and Dr. Trudy Cowley,
Women Transported: Life in Australia’s Convict Female Factories
(Parramatta, Australia: Parramatta Heritage Centre), 65.

44
Ibid., 62.

45
Queen’s Asylum, Register of Children Admitted and Discharged from the Male and Female Orphan School, 1828-1863, SWD28, 13.

46
Ticket of Leave, Ludlow Tedder, New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons 1834-1859,
http://search.ancestrylibrary.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1184
.