The Sleepwalkers (120 page)

   minister in Sofia 260

   and Russian mobilization (July 1914) 483

   and Serbian occupation of Albania 286

SPD (German Social Democratic Party) 228, 526–7

Speck von Sternburg, Hermann 182

Spicer, G.S. (Foreign Office clerk) 161

Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil 202

Srinagar 322

Stampa, La
(Italian newspaper) 226

Stampa
(Serbian newspaper) 388

Standard
(British newspaper) 129, 541

Standart
(yacht) 316

Stanley, Venetia 490, 542

Steed, Henry Wickham 70, 77, 281, 492

Stepanović, Raiko 57

Stepanović, Stepa 58, 96

Stern, Fritz xxi Å tip 43

Stockholm 498–500

Stockmar, Christian Friedrich, Baron 174

Stolberg, Prince 518

Stolypin, Pyotr Arkadyevich 177–8, 186, 187, 188–9, 215, 270, 271

   assassination 177, 189, 218, 259, 475

Storck, Wilhelm Ritter von, Austrian minister in Belgrade 287, 387, 390, 392

Strandmann, Basil 430–31, 460–61

Stumm, Wilhelm von 399

Stürgkh, Count Karl von 68, 69

Sudan 132, 133, 164

Südekum, Albert 526

Suez Canal 134

Sukhomlinov, Vladimir, Russian minister of war 215, 346, 514, 557

   and July 1914 crisis 474, 506–7

   and Liman von Sanders mission in Constantinople 344

   relations with press 232

   reorganization and redeployment of army 219–20, 223, 304, 352, 473

   rivalry with finance ministry 215, 216, 218, 220, 223, 224, 267, 557

   Turkish Straits question 340, 353

   war policies 220, 420

   winter crisis 1912-13 266–8, 272

Sumadija 31

Sunarić, Josip 369

Svechin, Mikhail Alekseevich 116, 587
n
150

Sverbeyev, S.N. 406

Sweden 305

   neutrality 500

   Poincaré visits (July 1914) 498–501

Sykes, Sir Mark 342

Syria 342, 559

Szapáry, Count Frigyes (‘Fritz'),

   ambassador to Russia 290, 395, 399, 409

   July 1914 crisis 427, 444–5, 452, 472, 483, 652
n
39

Szczakowa 479

Széchényi, Count Dionys 479

Szécsen, Count Nikolaus 404

Szögyényi, Count László 392, 401–2, 412–13, 414–15, 417, 422, 618
n
163

Tangier 156, 196

Tankosić, Voja 35, 46, 49, 52, 53–4, 55, 385, 455, 465

Tardieu, André 234–5

Tatishchev, Ilya Leonidovich 236, 363, 508–9

telegraphy 336, 442, 480, 498

Temesvar (Timisoara) 425

Temps, Le
(newspaper) 230–31, 234–5, 312, 406 ‘tension travellers', German 524–5

Teschen 360

Theodorović, Belimir 4

Thesiger, Wilfred 15, 16

Thessaloniki
see
Salonika Thirty Days' War (1897) 294

Thrace 42, 252, 253, 259, 264

Three Emperors' Leagues (1873/1881) 79, 83, 125, 126, 128

Three Year Law (France) 223, 238, 308, 311, 350, 440, 443–4

Thurn, Count Douglas 112

Tibet 87, 158, 166, 322

Times, The
12, 70, 281, 329, 406, 492, 541

Times Literary Supplement
77

Timok rebellion (1883) 7, 17

Tirpitz, Alfred von:

   July 1914 crisis and outbreak of war 516, 520, 528, 531, 549

   naval expansion programme 148, 149, 150, 318

   war council (December 1912) 329

Tisza, István, Hungarian prime minister 72, 97, 397

   and assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 397–9

   and Balkan Wars (1912-13) 291, 292

   and July 1914 crisis 400, 402, 423, 424–5, 426, 429–30, 451–2, 518

Tittoni, Tomaso 93

Tobruk 248

Togo Heiachiro 152

Toshev, Andrey 259–60, 275

Transvaal 149, 163, 164, 180

   crisis (1894-95) 145–7, 159, 174

Transylvania 66, 67, 71, 81–2, 91, 115, 278, 398, 404, 414, 424, 425

Tribuna, La
(newspaper) 226

Trieste 22, 93

Triple Alliance (1882) 92–3, 114, 121–3, 125–6, 129–30, 157, 249–50

Tripoli 247, 248

Tripolitania 93, 248, 249

Tschirschky, Baron Heinrich von 195, 199, 394, 399, 407–8, 412, 523, 525

Turkestan 322

Turkey 251

   
see also
Ottoman Empire

Turkish Straits:

   British naval mission 250, 342–3, 485

   British policy on Russian access 158, 187–8, 250–51, 258–9, 342, 355

   closed during Libyan and Balkan Wars 248, 249, 262, 340, 341

   German interests in 250–51, 340–41, 345

   Italian policy on Russian access 244, 262

   and Russian Balkan policy 259, 260–61, 264, 347–8, 353, 484–6

   strategic importance to Russia 36, 78, 85, 86, 87, 126, 127, 128, 137, 176, 177, 340–41, 348–9, 353, 484, 653
n
49

Turnovo 273

Tuzla 50, 54

Tyrrell, Sir William (
later
1st Baron Tyrrell) 202, 323, 325, 530, 535, 536, 626
n
36

U-boats 329, 330

Uganda 145

Ugron, Stefan von 95–6

Ujedinjenje ili smrt!
see
Black Hand Ulster Question 342, 488–90, 493, 545

Union of the Russian People (nationalist organization) 229

United States of America 76, 99, 142, 166, 179, 214

   economy 165

   imperialism 76, 151–2, 161

   twentieth-century foreign relations 239–40

Upper Nile 132, 133, 145

Üsküb
see
Skopje

Varešanin, Marijan 41, 48

Vatilieu 554

Vecherneye Vremya
(newspaper) 389

Vemić, Velimir 96–7

Venezuela 142, 161

Verdun 440, 548

Verneuil, Maurice de 311–12, 326

Versailles, Treaty of (1919) xxi, xxii, xxvii, 560

Vesnić, Milenko 60, 263

Vickers (shipbuilders) 485

Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy 92, 93, 183–4, 244

Victoria, Queen 173, 174

Victoria Louise, Princess of Prussia 339

Vienna:

   parliament building 67

   Schönbrunn Palace 117, 291, 396

Vietnam War 240

Vignal, Colonel 299

Vilna (Vilnius), military district 478, 483, 525

Viviani, René, prime minister 311, 313, 361, 446, 501–3, 505, 508, 651
n
2

   state visit to St Petersburg (July 1914) 426, 427, 438–40, 441–2, 444, 446–7, 448–9, 451, 498, 499, 500

   and Three Year Law 311, 440, 443

Vogelsang, Heinrich 142

Vojvodina 24, 26, 67, 76, 82

Waldersee, Count Alfred von 151, 516

Warsaw 524

   military district 266, 267–8, 478, 483

Weltpolitik
150–52, 593
n
95

Wermuth, Adolf 215–16, 218

West, Dame Rebecca 555

Whitehead, J.B. 34–5

Whitlock, Brand 551

Widenmann, Wilhelm 220–22

Wiesner, Friedrich von 453–4

Wilhelm II, Kaiser: anti-British statements 134

   and assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 404, 408

   and Balkan Wars 289–90, 330

   Baltic Port meeting with Tsar Nicholas (1912) 314–15, 316–17

   Baltic summer cruises 414, 501, 516, 520

   Björko meeting with Tsar Nicholas (1905) 154–5, 181, 184

   character 170–73, 179–80, 182

   
Daily Telegraph
Affair (1908) 199, 200

   on Entente Cordiale 154

   and Hoyos mission to Berlin (July 1914) 401, 412–13, 414, 415

   July 1914 crisis 414, 415–17, 418, 501, 515, 516, 520–24, 525–7

   Kruger telegram (1896) 146, 161, 174, 235

   and Liman von Sanders mission in Constantinople 339–40, 345

   and marriage of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 107

   meetings with Franz Ferdinand 289, 291, 400

   mobilization of army (August 1914) 527, 531–3, 660
n
131

   and Morocco question 195, 199, 207, 208

   and naval expansion 147–8, 221–2, 318, 319, 329, 330

   political influence and development of foreign policy 129, 143, 173, 178–83, 184, 198, 199–200, 334, 363, 400

   Potsdam Accord (1910) 167, 189, 314

   relations with press 227, 234

   on threat of Russian military build up 420–21

   views on Britain 527–8

   visits Britain (1891) 129

   visits Morocco (1905) 156–7, 181

   visits Ottoman Empire (1889 & 1898) 251

   war council (December 1912) 329–30, 333, 354, 517

   ‘Willy-Nicky' telegrams with Tsar 512–13, 523–4, 526

Wilkinson, Henry Spenser 237 ‘Willy-Nicky' telegrams (Kaiser Wilhelm-Tsar Nicholas) 512–13, 523–4, 526

Wilson, Sir Arthur Knyvet 150

Wilson, Sir Henry:

   director of military operations 209, 222–3, 306, 332–3, 358, 489, 494, 541

   Wilson-Dubail memorandum (1911) 213

Wilson, Keith 166

Wilson, Woodrow 214

Wirballen (Kybartai) 433–4

Witte, Sergei 176, 177, 178, 186, 272, 355, 363, 418, 444

Yalu, River 176

Yanina 255, 256

Yannitsa 253

Yanushkevich, Nikolai, chief of Russian General Staff 462, 472–3, 475, 476, 478, 506, 507, 508, 509, 512, 651
n
7

Yellow Book, French 510

Yorkshire Post
492

‘Young Bosnia'
see
Mlada Bosna

Young Turks 84, 246

Yugoslavia xxiv, 108, 456–7

Zach, František 21
n

Zagreb
see
Agram

Zaječar 18

Zanzibar 129, 163

Žerajić, Bogdan 41–2, 48, 51, 573
n
108

Zhilinsky, Yakov 267, 304–5, 306, 344, 348, 353, 358

Zimmermann, Arthur 210, 399–400, 402, 413–14, 423, 520

Zweig, Stefan 376

CHRISTOPHER CLARK
is a professor of modern European history and a fellow of St. Catharine's College at the University of Cambridge, UK. He is the author of
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947
, among other books.

Visit
www.AuthorTracker.com
for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.

Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947

Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Life in Power

The Politics of Conversion: Missionary Protestantism

and the Jews in Prussia, 1728–1947

Cover design by Richard Ljoenes

Cover photographs: Departure of the 1st Battalion of the Mid-Kent Volunteers for the Front from Royal Tunbridge Wells at the start of World War I, circa 1914 © Popperfoto/Getty Images; map courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin; Grand Fleet Assembly at Spithead

Author photograph by Thomas Meyer/
OSTKREUZ

T
HE SLEEPWALKERS
. Copyright © 2012 by Christopher Clark. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

First published in Great Britain in 2012 by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books.

FIRST U.S. EDITION PUBLISHED
2013

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Clark, Christopher M.

The sleepwalkers : how Europe went to war in 1914 / Christopher Clark. — First U.S. edition.

p. cm.

“First published in Great Britain in 2012 by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books.”

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-06-114665-7

1. World War, 1914–1918—Causes. 2. World War, 1914–1918—Diplomatic history. 3. Europe—Politics and government—1871–1918. I. Title.

D511.C54 2013

940.3'11—dc23

2012038473

Epub Edition © MARCH 2013 ISBN: 9780062199225

13 14 15 16 17
OFF/RRD
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