The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (56 page)

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Charlestown and Barbados connections:
Bridenbaugh, p. 150n.

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Charlestown and South Carolina described:
John Lawson,
A New Voyage to Carolina,
originally published 1709, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1967, pp. 13–14; Bridenbaugh, pp. 143, 150–151; Doyle, pp. 46–48.

200
North Carolina described:
Doyle, pp. 46, 48.

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Captures off Charlestown bar:
"By letters from South Carolina, 22 September,"
Boston News-Letter,
28 October 1717, p. 2;
GHP,
p. 96.

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Dissension within crew departing North Carolina:
GHP,
p. 96.

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Encounter with Spanish Man-of-War:
"Philadelphia Dispatch, October 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2.

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Hornigolds's preparations to cruise:
CO23/1: Trial of William Howell, Bahamas Council Minutes, Nassau: 22 December 1721.

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Bondavais's first name:
GHP,
p. 637.

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Bonnet's dressing gown and books:
"Philadelphia Dispatch, October 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2.

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Blackbeard's appearance in battle:
GHP,
pp. 84–85.

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Capture, sinking of the B
etty:
Indictment of William Howard, Williamsburg, VA: 29 October 1718 in Lee, p. 102; CO5/1442: Wines imported and exported from Madera, March 1716 to March 1717. (The latter contains numerous references to the
Betty,
which regularly made the wine run; coincidently, she was usually captained by John Perrin, the man who bought Hornigold's sloop.)

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Conditions aboard immigrant ships:
Gottleib Mittelberger quoted on his voyage from Europe to Philadelphia in 1750 in John Duffy, "The Passage to the Colonies,"
Mississippi Historical Review,
Vol. 38, No. 1 (June 1951), p. 23.

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Blackbeard's captures, activities off Midatlantic coast:
ADM 1/1472, f11: Ellis Brand to the Admiralty,
Lyme,
Elizabeth River, VA: 4 December 1717; "Philadelphia Dispatch, October 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2; "New York Dispatch, October 28,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2; "Philadelphia Dispatch, October 31,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2; "New York Dispatch, November 4,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2; Indictment of William Howard, p. 102.

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What Blackbeard's men told captives:
"Philadelphia Dispatch, October 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2; "Philadelphia Dispatch, October 31,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2.

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What Blackbeard learned from captives:
On the vessels at Madera, "Philadelphia Dispatch, October 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2.

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King's decision to suppress pirates:
"Whitehall Dispatch, September 15,"
London Gazette,
17 September 1717, p. 1.

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Dispositions of Royal Navy vessels in Americas:
"A List of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels employed and to be employed, at the British Governments and Plantations in the West Indies,"
London Gazette,
17 September 1717, p. 1.

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Blackbeard spotted off Long Island:
"New York Dispatch, October 28,"
Boston News-Letter,
11 November 1717, p. 2.

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Hornigold's probable activities in October and November 1717:
"Philadelphia Dispatch, December 10,"
Boston News-Letter,
6 January 1718, p. 2; "Philadelphia Dispatch, November 14,"
Boston News-Letter,
25 November 1717, p. 2.

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Blackbeards' vessels, armament, crew size:
David D. Moore and Mike Daniel, "Blackbeard's Capture of the Nantaise Slave Ship La Concorde,"
Tributaries,
October 2001, pp. 24–25. Moore and Daniel cite and quote from French documents at the Centre des Archives d'Outre Mer in Aix-en-Provence, France.

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Date of Blackbeard's encounter with L
a
C
oncorde:
Depositions of Pierre Dosset and Francoise Ernaud as related in Moore and Daniel (2001), p. 24. Dosset and Ernaud note that they were attacked on 28 November 1717 as per the Gregorian calendar used in France. This date corresponds to 17 November under the Julian calendar, which remained in use by Britain and her colonies until 1752.

211–212
Description of L
a
C
oncorde
and capture by Blackbeard:
Moore and Daniel (2001), pp. 18–19, 24; Richard W. Lawrence and Mark Wilde-Ramsing, "In Search of Blackbeard: Historical and Archeological Research at Shipwreck Site 0003BUI,"
Southeastern Geology,
Vol. 40, No. 1 (February 2001), p. 2; Bulter, p. 34; Author's Interview, David Moore, North Carolina Maritime Museum, Beaufort, NC: 17 April 2005.

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Bequia and Garifuna described:
"Minutes of the Assembly ... with a view to determining the measures needed to destroy the Caribs of St. Vincent and Dominica," Cul-de-sac du Marin, Martinque: 27 August 1679; Susie Post Rust, "The Garifuna,"
National Geographic,
September 2001.

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Pirates at Bequia:
Moore and Daniel, p. 25, "Muster roll of Concorde's crew, March 1717," Ibid., pp. 22–23.

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Armament, crew of Blackbeard's vessels (c. 25 November):
CO152/12, No. 67Ü: Deposition of Thomas Knight, Antigua: 30 November 1717.

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Running aground, abandoning slaves at Grenada:
Moore and Daniel, pp. 21, 27.

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Existence of brigantine, capture of the
Great Allen:
"New York Dispatch, February 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
10 March 1718; CO152/12, No. 67iii: Deposition of Henry Bostock, St. Christopher: 19 December 1717.

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Capture of M
ontserrat
M
erchant,
events in Nevis:
Deposition of Thomas Knight.

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Capture, release of the New
Division:
Deposition of Thomas Knight;C0152/12, No. 67i: Deposition of Richard Joy, Antigua: 30 November 1717.

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Condition of St. Christopher:
Extract of Letter of Lt. General Mathew to Governor Walter Hamilton, St. Christopher: 29 September 1720 in
CSPCS 1720–21,
No. 251i, pp. 166–167.

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Raid on St. Christopher:
Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Antigua: 6 January 1718 in
CSPCS 1717–1718,
No. 298, p. 149; Deposition of Henry Bostock.

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Guns added to Q
ueen
A
nne's
R
evenge:
ADM1/2378 f12: Captain Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty, HMS
Seaford
at Antigua: 23 December 1717; size of guns based on archealogical evidence from Author Interview, Mark Wilde-Ramsing, Queen Anne's Revenge Project, Moorehead City, NC: 17 April 2005.

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S
eaford
's size, location, encounter with La Buse:
Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty, 23 December 1717; Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade, 6 January 1718; Lyon, p. 28.

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S
eaford
's close encounter with Blackbeard:
Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade, 6 January 1718, p. 149.

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St. Christopher residents reinforce S
eaford:
Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty, 23 December 1717; Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade, 6 January 1718, pp. 149–150.

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S
carborough
and S
eaford
's pursuit of Blackbeard:
ADM 1/1879 folio 5: Francis Hume to the Admiralty,
Scarborough,
Barbados: 16 February 1718; ADM1/2378 f12: Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty,
Seaford
at Barbados: 18 February 1718; ADM51/865: entries of 1 November 1717 to 31 March 1717; ADM51/877: entries of 1 November 1717 to 31 March 1717.

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Blackbeard at St. Croix:
Deposition of Henry Bostock; Francis Hume to the Admiralty, 16 February 1718; Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty, 18 February 1718.

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Capture of the M
argaret:
Deposition of Henry Bostock.

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Captain Pinkentham:
"New York Dispatch, May 28,"
Boston News-Letter,
4 June 1711, p. 2; "Philadelphia Dispatch, July 24,"
Boston News-Letter,
ii August 1718, p. 2.

225 
Blackbeard's subsequent movements:
Francis Hume to the Admiralty, 16 February 1718; Jonathan Rose to the Admiralty, 18 February 1718.

CHAPTER NINE: BEGGING PARDON

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The Royal Proclamation:
George I, "A Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates," Hampton Court: 5 September 1717 in
London Gazette,
17 September 1717, p. 1.

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Pardon reaches Boston first:
Some historians have suggested that news of the pardon arrived prior to the execution of the Bellamy pirates on November 15, but this allegation is not supported by evidence. The following documents demonstrate that news reached Boston between December 1 and 9, Bermuda on or prior to December 19, HMS
Phoenix
in New York on December 25, and HMS
Pearl
in Virginia on January 3. Word was slow to get across the Atlantic, in part because no Royal Navy vessels made the trip between the time the king issued the proclamation and the arrival of Woodes Rogers in the Bahamas in July 1718. Sources: ADM 1/1472 fii: Ellis Brand to the Admiralty,
Pearl
at Virginia: 10 March 1718; ADM 1/2282 £13: Vincent Pearse to the Admiralty,
Phoenix
at New York; 4 February 1718; "A Proclamation for Supressing of Pirates,"
Boston News-Letter,
9 December 1717, p. 1; Benjamin Bennett to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Bermuda: 3 February 1718 in
CSPCS 1717–1718,
No. 345, p. 170.

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Trial of the Bellamy pirates:
TEP.

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Location of courtroom, Boston Prison:
The courtroom occupied the western or uphill end of the new brick Town House, its windows looking out toward the prison. Sinclair and Catherine F. Hitchings,
Theatre of Liberty: Boston's Old State House,
Boston: Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Company, 1975, pp. 1–6; "Old Boston Prison," Commemorative Plaque, 26 Court Street, Boston, MA.

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–228
Cotton Mather's involvement, quotes:
Cotton Mather, "The Diary of Cotton Mather 1681–1724" in
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
Series 7, Vol. 7, Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1911, pp. 448, 483, 490; Cotton Mather,
Instructions to the Living from the Condition of the Dead: A Brief Relation of Remarkables in the Shipwreck of above One Hundred Pirates,
Boston: John Allen, 1717, pp. 17–18, 37–38.

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Bennett forwards pardons to Nassau:
Bennett to the Council of Trade, 3 February 1718; "Bermuda Dispatch, February 16,"
London Gazette,
12 April 1718, p. 1.

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Pirates react to proclamation:
"Extract of a Letter from South Carolina," 2 February 1718 in London
Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer,
3 May 1718, p. 1,033.

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Antipardon pirates' proposal to James III; Cammocke's letter:
George Cammocke to Queen Mary of Modina, St. Germaine, France: 28 March 1718 in Stuart Papers 29/49.

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Jacobite letter to Cammocke:
Craton, p. 100.

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Prizes brought into Nassau December 1717–January 1718:
Extract of a Letter from South Carolina, 2 February 1718; "Jamaica Dispatch, March 28,"
The
[London]
Weekly Journal
or
British Gazetteer,
7 June 1718, p. 1; Lord Carteret to Governor Burnet, Whitehall, London: 22 August 1722,
CSPCS 1722–1723,
item 267, p. 128; ADM 1/2282 f13: Vincent Pearse to the Admiralty,
Phoenix
at New York: 3 June 1718; HCA 1/54: Deposition of Benjamin Sims, London: 28 September 1721.

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General council of the pirates:
GHP,
p. 41.

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Pirates scatter (Winter and Brown):
Clinton V. Black,
Pirates of the West Indies,
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 120; Black incorrectly states that Winter, Brown, and Blackbeard accepted the pardon at Nassau; Peter Earle,
The Pirate Wars,
New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 162.