The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (52 page)

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Capture of H
avre de
G
race:
Cooke (1712, Vol. I), pp. 136–8; Rogers (1928), pp. 116–7; C104/160: List of Negroes and cargo on
Havre de Grace
when captured, 15 April 1709.

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Rogers reaction to brother's death:
Rogers (1928), pp. 117–118.

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–79 
Siege of Guayaquil:
Little, pp. 87–100.

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–80 
Activities at Gorgona:
Cooke (Vol. I), pp. 164, 317; Rogers (1928), pp. 167–171.

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Near-mutiny at Gorgona:
Rogers (1928), pp. 172–177.

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Low supplies, state of ships (December 1709):
Rogers (1928), pp. 211–213; Jones, p. 14.

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Battle with I
ncarnación:
Rogers (1928), pp. 213–215.

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–82
Battle with B
egoña:
Rogers (1928), pp. 216–222; Cooke (Vol. I), pp. 346–352.

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Rogers accused of leaving treasure at Batavia:
Jones, p. 21.

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Value of expedition's proceeds, Rogers's share:
Little, pp. 149, 169.

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Sailors impressed:
Jones, pp. 19–21.

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Charles Vane in Port Royal c. 1712:
TJR,
p. 37.

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Quote on Jennings's social stature:
GHP,
p. 41.

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Embargo of shipping prior to hurricane:
"A letter containing an account of the most general grievances of Jamaica," Jamaica, 6 October 1712, in
The Groans of Jamaica,
London: 1714, p. 1.

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Description of the 1712 hurricane:
Oldmixon, p. 345;
Boston News-Letter,
12 January 1713, p. 1; Burchett (1720), p. 785.

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Peace breaks out:
Word had gotten as far as Antigua by late September; see Burchett, p. 784.

CHAPTER FOUR: PEACE

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RN demobilization and slashing of merchant wages:
Rediker (1987), pp. 281–282.

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Possession of Spanish currency as ground for seizure:
Lord Archibald Hamilton,
An Answer to An Anonymous Libel,
London: 1718, p. 44.

86
Thirty-eight vessels captured by Spanish:
CO137/12, folio 90(iii): A List of Some of the Many Ships, Sloops, and other Vessels taken from the Subjects of the King of Great Britain in America by the Subjects of the King of Spain since the Conclusion of the last peace, Jamaica: c. 1716.

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Governor of Jamaica quote:
Hamilton (1718), p. 44.

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Quotes, description of the situation of seamen in Jamaica:
A. B.,
The State of the Island of Jamaica,
London: H. Whitridge, 1726, p. 8.

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Hornigold amongst the first pirates:
Ibid., p. 8n.

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New Providence during the war:
Oldmixon, p. 432; Craton, pp. 93–94; CO5/1265, No. 76v: Memorial of Sundry Merchants to Joseph Addison, London: 1717; CO23/1, No. 17: Testimonial of Samuel Buck, London: 2 December 1719.

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Population, situation in Nassau and Bahamas in 1713:
This surmised from remarks on eyewitness comments on the condition of the island by John Graves in 1706, as quoted by Craton, pp. 93–94. The situation was probably similar in 1713, as any advances the islanders would have made after 1706 were rolled back by subsequent French attacks; this supposition is further supported by the poor state of the island's development as late as 1718, as described by Samuel Buck in CO23/1, No. 17 and described in later chapters.

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–90
Sources for the early piracies, activities of Hornigold, Cockram, West:
"Boston News Item,"
Boston News-Letter,
29 April 1714, p. 2; Henry Pulleine to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Bermuda: 22 April 1714 in
CSPCS 1712–1714,
No. 651, pp. 333–334.

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Long Wharf and Boston harbor described:
Carl Bridenbaugh,
Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625–1742,
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955, pp. 171–172, 151, 178–179; Justin Winsor (ed.),
Memorial History of Boston,
1630–1880, Boston: Ticknor & Co., 1880, pp. 440–441, 496.

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People drowning on the road to Roxbury:
Winsor, p. 442n.

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Shops of King Street:
Michael G. Hall,
The Last American Puritan,
Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1988, p. 338.

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N
ews-
L
etter
and postal network:
Winsor, pp. 388–390, 442–443; Bridenbaugh (1955), p. 180.

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Royal Exchange Tavern:
Winsor, p. 499.

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Faneuil's store:
Bridenbaugh (1955), p. 185.

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Eastham environment:
Henry David Thoreau,
Cape Cod,
New York: W. W. Norton, 1951, pp. 45–60.

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Wrecking in Eastham area:
Jeremiah Digges,
Cape Cod Pilot,
Provincetown, MA: Modern Pilgrim Press, 1936, pp. 134–137.

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Legend of Bellamy and Hallett:
Digges (1936), pp. 193–197. Another interpretation, somewhat dated by new evidence, was offered in Edwin Dethlefson,
Whidah: Cape Cod's Mystery Treasure Ship,
Woodstock, VT: Seafarer's Heritage Library, 1984, pp. 14–22. For a more fanciful account see Barry Clifford,
The Pirate Prince,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993, pp. 21–22.

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Mary Hallett and her family:
A. Otis,
Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families,
Barnstable, MA: F. B & F. P Goss, 1888; Robert Charles Anderson,
The Great Migration,
Vol. 3, Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2003; Author's Interview, Kenneth J. Kinkor, Provincetown, MA: 15 June 2005.

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Great Island Tavern:
Kinkor (2003), p. 312; Fact Sheet, Great Island, Cape Cod National Seashore, National Park Service: online resource at
www.nps.gov/caco/places/index.thml
, viewed 13 May 2006.

95
Hallett will:
"Last Will & Testament of Mary Hallett," Yarmouth, MA: April 19, 1734 from
Barnstable County Public Records,
Vol. 8, as appears in Kinkor (2003), pp. 295–296.

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Paulsgrave Williams background:
George Andrews Moriatry, "John Williams of Newport, Merchant, and His Family,"
The Genealogical Magazine,
Nos. 1–3 (1915), pp. 4–12;
Genealogies of Rhode Island Families, Volume II: Smith—Yates,
Baltimore: Clearfield, 2000, pp. 401–406.

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Guthrie, New Shoreham,
Malcolm Sands Wilson,
Descendants of James Sands of Block Island,
Privately printed: p. 194; George R. Burgess & Jane Fletcher Fiske, "New Shoreham Town Book No. I," manuscript transcription, 1924, p. 17.

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Williams's family ties to organized crime:
Author Interview, Kenneth J. Kinkor, 15 June 2005; Zacks, pp. 232–233, 240–241; Barry Clifford,
The Lost Fleet,
New York: Harper-Collins, 2002, pp. 108–118, 262–264.

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Johnathan Darvell background:
Jameson, pp. 141–142.

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Hornigold et al.'s activities from Eleutheria (1714):
CO5/1265, No. 171: A List of the men's names that sailed from Iletheria and Committed Piracies Upon the Spaniards on the Coast of Cuba since the Proclamation of Peace, Nassau: 14 March 1715; CO5/1265, No. 17iv: John Chace's Receipt for Carrying Daniel Stilwell, Nassau: 2 January 1715, p. 32. Note that these accounts are more accurate than the year-old recollections of John Vickers, which muddle some of the dates and details: Deposition of John Vickers, Williamsburg, VA; 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 2401, pp. 140–141.

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Walker's background:
CO5/1265, No. 17: Thomas Walker to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Nassau: 14 March 1715; Craton, p. 91.

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Walker's letters:
CO5/1265, No. 161: Thomas Walker to Colonel Nicholson, New Providence: 14 March 1715; CO5/1265, No. 17: Thomas Walker to the Proprietors of the Bahamas, New Providence: 14 March 1715; Bruce T McCully, "Nicholson, Francis," in
Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
CD-ROM, Toronto: University of Toronto, 2000.

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Bermuda governor's letter and mariners:
Pulleine to the Council of Trade, 22 April 1714, p. 334.

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Walker's capture of Stillwell et al. (January 1715):
Johnathan Chace's Receipt, CO5/1265, No. 171: Thomas Walker to Archibald Hamilton, 21 January 1715.

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Warning of a Spanish attack:
CO5/1265, No. 17v: George Hearne to Thomas Walker, Harbour Island, Bahamas: 20 January 1715.

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Walker's mission to Havana:
CO5/1265, No. 17iii: Marquis de Cassa Torres to Thomas Walker, Havana: 15 February 1715.

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–101
Stillwell rescued by Hornigold:
Deposition of John Vickers, p. 141.

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Archibald Hamilton's family:
Sir James Balfour Paul,
The Scots Perage,
Vol. IV, Edinburgh: David Douglas (1907), pp. 380–385; Kinkor (2003), pp. 342–343.

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Hamilton's Jacobite activities while in office:
Samuel Page to Sir Gilbert Heathcote, London: 8 May 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158viii, pp. 82–83; "Representation of the Assembly of Jamaica to the King," Jamaica: Early 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158xi(a), pp. 83–87; An account of the mal-administration in Jamaica during the Government of Lord Hamilton, Jamaica: early 1716,
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158xii, pp. 88–90.

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Hamilton's later defense:
Hamilton (1718), pp. 44–48.

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Details of B
arsheba:
CO137/12, folio 16ii: A list of vessels commissioner by Governor Lord A. Hamilton, c. May 1716.

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Jennings worth £400 a year:
Hamilton (1718), p. 59.

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Hamilton owns shares in B
arsheba:
Hamilton (1718), pp. 62–63, 68.

103 
Combined treasure fleet of 1715:
Wagner, pp. 55–73; up-to-date information on the names, fate, and identity of particular ships can be found on
www.1715fleet.com
. The storm is described in Don Miguel de Lima y Melo to Duque de Linares, Havana: 19 October 1715 (Gregorian), in SAT, pp. 32–34.

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Ubilla the ultimate commander:
Marion Clayton Link,
The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet,
2nd corrected draft, unpublished manuscript, c. 1970, p. 2.

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Treasure worth 7 million pesos:
Walton, p. 160. Documentary research by Jack Haskins and other sailors suggests 6, 486,066 pesos, in SAT, p. 94.

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Survivors' actions:
Link (c. 1970), pp. 4–6; Wagner (1966), pp. 60–73.

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N
ews-
L
etter
report of fleet disaster:
The actual editions—from the summer of 1715— have been lost, but offhanded references to the wrecks in later issues make it clear that it had been reported on.

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Thomas Paine and wrecking:
Clifford (2002), pp. 108–118, 262–264.

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Early reports of wrecks in Jamaica:
Hamilton (1718), p. 49.

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Belcher on wrecking fever in Jamaica:
ADM 1/1471, f24: P. Balcher (Captain) to the Admiralty, HMS
Diamond
at the Nore, England: 13 May 1716.

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Hamilton approaches navy officers:
Deposition of Samuel Page, Jamaica: 15 May 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158v, pp. 80–81.

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Hamilton buys shares of privateers:
Deposition of Walter Adlington, Jamaica: 15 May 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158vi, p. 81; Extract of a Letter from Don Juan Francisco de Valle to the Marquis de Montelon, Jamaica: 18 March 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 1581, pp. 78–79.

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Hamilton's commissions:
"Instructions for Captain Jonathan Barnet," St. Jago de la Vega, Jamaica: 24 November 1715, published as Appendix II in Hamilton (1718), pp. 72–73.

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Hamilton's directions to send them to the wrecks:
Before leaving Jamaica, the privateering masters spoke openly about their true design being the wrecks and, given Hamilton's past and future actions, it's clear that he was involved in directing them toward such a mission. See ADM 1/1471 f24, Balcher letter.