The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (54 page)

[>]
Behavior of Jennings, crews at Nassau:
Deposition of Allen Bernard; Deposition of Joseph Eeels.

[>]
Ownership of the D
olphin:
This is almost certainly the Bahamas-owned sloop of the same name that cleared customs in and out of South Carolina in early May and late July of 1717. CO5/508: South Carolina shipping returns 1716–1717, p. 23.

[>]
 
Jennings's second raid on the wrecks:
"New York Dispatch, May 31,"
Boston News-Letter,
21 May 1716, p. 2; Deposition of John Cockrane.

[>]
 
Slaves fleeing to Bahamas:
Hugo Prosper Learning,
Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas,
New York: Garland Publishing, 1995, pp. 128–129; Frank Sherry,
Raiders and Rebels: The Golden Age of Piracy,
New York: William Morrow, 1986, pp. 212–213.

[>]
 
James and Anne Bonny:
GHP,
pp. 623–624.

[>]
–140
Thomas Barrow's activities:
Deposition of John Vickers, p. 141.

[>]
 
Thompson and Cockram's syndicate, other traders:
CO5/508: South Carolina shipping returns 1716–1717, pp. 16, 20, 23; CO142/14: Jamaica shipping returns 1713–1719, p. 70. For a general reference to illicit traders at Nassau see CO5/1265, No. 52: Thomas Walker to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Charlestown, SC: August 1716 (extracts published in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
item 328, pp. 176–177).

140
Quote on importance of traders:
CO23/1, No. 12i, Mr. Gale to Thomas Pitt, South Carolina: 4 November 1718.

[>]
Jennings's men on island:
For example, Captain Forbes, in Alexander Spotswood to Lords of Trade, Virginia: 3 July 1716, in Brock (1882), pp. 170–171.

[>]
 
B
enjamin
sold to Perrin:
Deposition of Robert Daniell, Charlestown, SC: 14 July 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 267, pp. 149–150.

[>]
–141 
Walker on loss of B
enjamin:
Thomas Walker to Council of Trade, August 1716.

[>]
 
Walker flees:
Ibid.

[>]
 
Further news on Jacobite rebellion reaches Americas:
"News item via Barbados and Rhode Island,"
Boston News-Letter,
12 March 1716,p. I;"Whitehall Dispatch, November
16,
"
Boston News-Letter,
12 March 1716, p. i;"New York Dispatch, March 12,"
Boston News-Letter,
12 March 1716, p. 2; "Whitehall Dispatch, December 10,"
Boston News-Letter,
30 April 1717, p. I.

[>]
–142 
Official complaints against Hamilton:
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 158i–xv, pp. 77–90.

[>]
 
Diplomatic complaints against Hamilton's privateers:
CSPCS 1716–1717,
items 158i, iii, pp. 77–90. CO137/12, No. 21ii: Michon to Governor Hamilton, Leogane, Haiti: 18 June 1716; Comte de Blenac to Governor Hamilton, Leogane: 18 June 1716; CO137/12, No. 21iv: Comte de Blanc to Governor Hamilton, Leogane: 25 July 1716; Memorial of Mnsr. Moret.

[>]
 
Manifest, path of S
t.
M
arie:
TEP,
pp. 18, 23.

[>]
 
Hamilton's removal:
General Heywood to the Council of Trade, Jamaica: 11 August 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 308, pp. 163–165; Draught of H. M. Commission revoking the Commission of Governor Lord A. Hamilton in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 159i, p. 91.

[>]
Jennings on the lamb by late August:
Archibald Hamilton to the Governor in Council, Jamaica: 24 August 1716, Jamaica Council Minutes, folio 126 in Kinkor (2003), pp. 69–70.

[>]
 
Royal proclamation against pirates:
A Proclamation concerning Pyrates, Jamaica: 30 August 1716, Jamaica Council Minutes, folio 153–155 in Kinkor (2003), pp. 70–71.

CHAPTER SIX: BRETHREN OF THE COAST

[>]
 
Members, composition of Bellamy's crew:
TEP,
pp. 23, 25; CO5/1318, No. 16ii: Information of Andrew Turbett and Robert Gilmore, Williamsburg, Virginia: 17 April 1717; CO137/11, No. 45iii: Deposition of Abijah Savage, Antigua: 30 November 1716.

[>]
–145 
Bellamy and La Buse's captures in June–July 1716:
Examination of Richard Caverley, New York: 15 June 1717,
Records of the Vice-Admiralty Court of the Province of New York 1685–1838
as appears in Kinkor (2003), p. 150; Examination of Jeremiah Higgins, New York; 22 June 1717,
Records of the Vice-Admiralty Court of the Province of New York 1685–1838
as appears in Kinkor (2003), p. 154.

[>]
 
Hornigold deposed as commodore:
TEP,
p. 23; Examination of Jeremiah Higgins, p. 154.

[>]
–146 
Bellamy and La Buse's minor captures c. August 1716:
Examination of Jeremiah Higgins, pp. 154–155.

[>]
 
Battle with French ship:
Ibid., p. 154; Examination of Richard Caverley, p. 151.

[>]
 
Captures in the Virgin Islands:
TEP,
p. 23.

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Forced unmarried, let married free:
Ibid., p. 25.

147
B
onetta
capture, Bellamy's intentions to capture ship:
Deposition of Abijah Savage; "death's head" flag described: testimony of Thomas Baker in
TEP,
p. 24.

[>]
 
Wickham an Antigua planter:
Will of John McLester, Antigua: 9 December 1730, in ROE Book, Box 187,1676–1739 Item No. 1, LDS Film 1855671.

[>]
 
St. Croix: careening, escapees, Hoff whipped:
TEP,
pp. 24–25; Deposition of Abijah Savage.

[>]
Robin Hood's men:
TEP,
p. 11.

[>]
 
Indian boy, Negro, John King taken by pirates:
Deposition of Abijah Savage; Michael Levinson, "Remains are Identified as a boy pirate,"
Boston Globe,
2 June 2006; Thomas H. Maugh II, "A Pirate's Life for Him—at Age 9,"
Los Angeles Times,
1 June 2006. (Kenneth Kinkor of the Expedition Whydah Museum attributed a bone found on the
Whydah
wreck—a fibula clad in an expensive shoe and stocking—to John King; archeologists say it belonged to a child between eight and eleven years of age.)

[>]
 
Capture of the
Sultana:
Examination of Jeremiah Higgins, p. 155; Examination of Richard Caverley, p. 151.

[>]
 "
Cries of grief" of captured men:
TEP,
p. 25.

[>]
 
Walter Hamilton's letter to Barbados:
Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Antigua: 14 December 1717,
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 425, p. 230. Savage got to Antigua by 30 November.

[>]
 
French sloops captured:
Walter Hamilton to Council of Trade, 14 December 1717, p. 230.

[>]
Events at La Blanquilla:
Ibid., p. 18–19.

[>]
 
M
arianne
's armament increased to 14 guns:
Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade, 14 December 1717, p. 230.

[>]
 
Ultimate plan to capture larger vessel:
TEP,
p, 24.

[>]
Treasure location and practices:
Ibid., p. 24.

[>]
Day-to-day weather in Windward Islands (Dec. 1716–Jan. 1717):
Reconstructed based on the log entries of HMS
Scarborough,
which was at Barbados and the Virgin Islands during this period. ADM 51/865: Logbooks of HMS
Scarborough,
entries of 1 December 1716–31 January 1717.

[>]
 
Storm, anchoring at St. Croix:
TEP,
p. 25.

[>]
 
Details of battle, pirate wrecks at St. Croix:
ADM 1/1689 f5: An Inventory of Several Goods Taken from the Pirates at St. Cruze by His Majesty's Shipp Scarborough, c. Summer 1717; ADM 51/865: entries of 16–22 January 1717; Lyon, p. 36; Walter Hamilton to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Antigua: 1 March 1717 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
item No. 484;
GHP,
pp. 65–69.

[>]
Sources re. blacks on slave and pirate vessels:
Kenneth J. Kinkor, "Black Men Under the Black Flag" in C. R. Pennell,
Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader,
New York; New York University Press, 2001, pp. 200–203.

[>]
Spanish Town description, population:
List of dutiable inhabitants of Spanish Town, Spanish Town, Virgin Gorda: c. 15 November 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 425iv, p. 231; Deputy Governor Hornby to Walter Hamilton, Spanish Town, Virgin Gorda: 15 November 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 425v, p. 231; Captain Candler (HMS
Winchlsea
) to Secretary Burchett, 12 May 1717 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 639i, pp. 339–340.

[>]
Bellamy at Spanish Town:
Captain Candler to Burchett, p. 340;
TEP,
pp. 11, 25.

[>]
–157
Lawrence Prince and W
hydah:
CO142/14: Jamaica Shipping Returns, "An account of goods exported from the Island of Jamaica since the 29th day of September 1713 and the 25th day of March 1715 and the goods and Negroes Imported, Kingston," No. 58; Examination of Jeremiah Higgins, p. 155; Examination of Richard Caverley, p. 151; T70/19, No. 63, Letter of David Welsh to the Royal Africa Company, Williams Fort, Whydah, Ghana: 22 February 1717 as printed in Kinkor (2003), p. 89; Donovan Webster, "Pirates of the Whydah,"
National Geographic,
May 1999;"Proclamation of Gov. Samuel Shute,"
Boston News-Letter,
13 May 1717, p. 1.

158
Stern guns fired at M
arianne:
TEP,
p. 23.

[>]
 
Pirates' weapons:
"Manifest of Recovered Artifacts from the pirate ship Whydah," in Barry Clifford,
The Pirate Prince,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993, pp. 207–208 (on armament); Author Interview, Kenneth J. Kinkor, Provincetown, MA: 15 June 2005.

[>]
 
Captured Spanish vessel used as guardship:
Matthew Musson to the Council of Trade and Plantations, London: 5 July 1717 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 635, p. 338; Peter Heywood to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Jamaica: 3 December 1716 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 411, p. 213.

[>]
Capture of one of the ships sent to "dislodge" pirates:
CO23/1, No. 31: Memorial from the Copartners for Carrying on a Trade & Settling the Bahamas Islands, London: 19 May 1721. This was the
Sarah,
Captain William Taylor, which sailed with the
Samuel,
Captain Edward Hampton. Samuel Buck was the primary owner of both ships.

[>]
Bahamas as sanctuary for multattos and escaped slaves:
Hugo Prosper Leaming,
Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas,
New York: Garland Publishing, 1995, pp. 128–129.

[>]
 
Bermuda governor on slaves and pirates:
Bennett to the Council of Trade, 31 May 1718, p. 261.

[>]
–160
Henry Jennings (March 1717):
Matthew Musson to the Council of Trade, 5 July 1717, p. 338.

[>]
 
Jennings and H
amilton
G
alley
incident:
"New York Dispatch, October 29,"
Boston News-Letter,
29 October 1716, p. 2.

[>]
 
Abaco, Harbour Island (March 1717):
Ibid.; Council of Trade and Plantations to Secretary Joseph Addison, Whitehall, London: 31 May 1717 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 596, p. 321.

[>]
 
Thatch's first command:
"New York Dispatch,"
Boston News-Letter,
29 October 1716, p. 2;
GHP,
p. 71.

[>]
Thatch's appearance (c. 1717):
GHP,
pp. 84–85.

[>]
Thatch as a mulatto:
Leaming, p. 125.

[>]
 
Up-and-coming rivals to Hornigold:
Musson to the Council of Trade, 5 July 1717, p. 338. Vane's role is surmised from his subsequent behavior and the knowledge that he spent much of 1717 spending the fruits of past piracies as noted in
GHP.

[>]
 
Sick mulatto and taking of John Howell:
CO23/1, No. 42iii: Bahamas Council Minutes (Trial of John Howell), Nassau: 22 December 1721.

[>]
–163
Capture of the B
onnet,
R
evenge:
Testimony of Robert Brown in CO23/1, No. 42iii; Bennett to the Council of Trade and Plantations, Bermuda: 30 July 1717 in
CSPCS 1716–1717,
No. 677, p. 360.