The Holocaust (163 page)

Authors: Martin Gilbert

BOOK: The Holocaust

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Vatican: rebukes Vichy authorities,
1
; opposition to ‘German style anti-semitism’ in,
2
; protection for Jews in Budapest given by,
3

Veesenmayer, SS Brigadier-General Edmund: reports on the deportation of Jews from Hungary (1944),
1
,
2
,
3

Venice: a Jewish child born in, deported from Italy (1944),
1

Verble, Shmuel: ‘the
1
st victim’ (1941),
2

Verona: a Jewish partisan killed near,
1

Versailles, Treaty of: and the disarmament of Germany,
1
; and the Rhineland,
2

Vershovsky, Major Senitsa: shot for helping Jews (1942),
1

Veselnitsky, Captain Israel: trains escapees,
1

Vichy France: anti-Jewish laws in (1940),
1
,
2
; a Jewess refused emigration to (1941),
3
; and the deportation of Jews (1942),
4
,
5
; and the Allied landings in North Africa,
6

Vicinska, Stephania: and the deportation of orphans to Treblinka (1942),
1

Vienna: and Hitler (before 1914),
1
; Jewish torment in (1938),
2
; Jews deported from (1939),
3
; Jews escape from,
4
; Jews deported from (1941),
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
; further deportations from (1942),
11
,
12
; and the ‘final solution’,
13
; further deportations planned from,
14
; Jews from, at Lodz, deported to Chelmno (1942),
15
; Jews from, deported to Minsk (1942),
16
; a deportee from, in Kielce,
17
; deportees from, at Treblinka,
18
; a Jew from, deported from Paris,
19
; and a train deception,
20
; a Jew from, deported from Finland
to Auschwitz,
21
; death of a Jewess from, at Theresienstadt,
22
; a Christian woman from, recalls Dr Mengele at Auschwitz,
23
; Jews from, murdered at Maly Trostenets (1944),
24
; fate of a boy who had once gone for specialist medical advice to,
25
; a death march from (1945),
26
; a final deportation from,
27
; a survivors search for memories of,
28

Vilkis, Filip: escapes, later killed in action,
1

Viliampole (Kovno): ghetto established in (15 August 1941),
1

Ville-La-Grande: a Jewess executed at (1940),
1

Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius): Jews murdered in (1919),
1
; a Jewish appeal from (1933),
2
; anti-Jewish riots in (1938),
3
; occupied by Soviet forces (1939),
4
,
5
; mass murder of Jews in, after German occupation (1941),
6
,
7
,
8
; resistance urged in (1941),
9
; an ‘action’ in (1941),
10
; further ‘actions’ at,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
; news of mass murder at, reaches Warsaw,
15
; only
16
,000 Jews left in,
17
; a Russian prisoner-of-war and a Jewess shot near,
18
; visitors to,
19
; possible hope for,
20
; a heroine from, killed in action,
21
; news of a massacre reaches (1943),
22
; news of Warsaw uprising reaches,
23
; and a poem about resistance,
24
; and the ‘justification’ for existence of,
25
; flight from a camp near, and reprisals,
26
; growth of resistance in,
27
; collapse of resistance in,
28
,
29
; reprisals in,
30
; deportations from, to Estonia,
31
,
32
; deportations to Majdanek from,
33
; Jewish partisan groups in region of,
34
; events on the eve of liberation (1944),
35
; liberation of,
36
; fate of deportees from,
37
; a Jew sets off from, to Palestine,
38
; survivors from, escape in the Black Forest,
39

Vinnitsa: mass murder at (1941),
1
; a decision for mass murder at (1941),
2
; resistance near (1941),
3
; an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941),
4
; mass murder at,
5

Virbalis: mass murder in (1941),
1

‘Virtuti Militari’, cross of: won by several Jews (August 1944),
1

Vistula river: Jews driven across (1940),
1
; Jews drowned in (1942),
2
; Red Army approaches (1944),
3
; Jewish women die on banks of,
4

Vitebsk: death of Jews on way to (1941),
1
; fate of a Jew born in,
2

Vittel: Jewish deportees at,
1
; Jews deported to Auschwitz from,
2
,
3
,
4

Vladivostok:
1
,
2

Vogel, David: deported to his death (1944),
1

Volarsky, Mordechai: wishes he were ‘the last victim’, on eve of his death (April 1942),
1

Volhyn:
editorial advice of,
1

Volhynia, the:
1
; mass murder in (1941),
2
; visitors to (1942),
3
; mass murder in, and escapes (1942),
4

Volksdeutsch: see index entry for
Ethnic Germans

Volos: rescue of Jews of,
1

Vosges, the: fate of a Jew who fought in,
1

Voss (a farmer): gives refuge, then seeks to betray,
1

Vrba, Rudolf: an eye-witness of the arrival of deportees at Auschwitz,
1
,
2
,
3
; and the ‘Canada’ sorting huts,
4
; and the arrival of mental defectives from Holland,
5
; and the ‘death cry of thousands of young women’,
6
; escapes from Auschwitz,
7
,
8
; fights in the Slovak uprising,
9

Wagner (a baker): ‘terrified’,
1

Wagner (an SS-man): at Sobibor,
1

Wagrowiec: indignities against a Jewish prisoner-of-war in (1939),
1

Wajnreb, Captain: murdered, after liberation,
1

Wajntraub, Abraham: murdered, after liberation,
1

Waksszul, Ephraim: shot (1942),
1

Wald, Aaron: recalls a medical experiment,
1

Waldman, Yaakov: escapes (1942),
1
; killed after liberation (1945),
2

‘Waldsee’: and a deportation deception,
1

Wallach, Jaffa: saved by a Pole,
1
; her brother finds refuge with the same Pole.
2

Wallach, Norris: saved by a Pole,
1

Wallenberg, Raoul: protects Jews, 1701,
1
,
2
,
3
; dissappears,
4

Walowa Street (Warsaw): corpses at (1943),
1

Walter (a Viennese): helps Jews,
1

Waluszewska, Ludmila: her father shelters Jews,
1
; plants a tree in her father’s honour,
2
n.
3

Waniewo: Poles killed for helping Jews at,
1

Wannsee: conference at (20 January 1942),
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; a participant at, in Riga,
5
; continuing secrecy of decisions made at,
6
; and the death of Heydrich,
7

War Refugee Board: and the attempt to protect the Jews of Hungary (1944),
1

Warhaftig, Zerah: and Jews who ‘died as Jews’ after liberation,
1

Warsaw: collection of historical material in (1933),
1
; anti-Jewish legislation in (1936),
2
; anti-Jewish riots in (1938),
3
; German bombs fall on (1939),
4
; and the first weeks of war (1939),
5
,
6
; a Jew shot in (21 October 1939),
7
; Jewish Council established in,
8
; fate of Jews in (1939),
9
,
10
,
11
; and the ‘poison cup’,
12
; starvation in (1940),
13
; reprisals in (1940),
14
; and the forced labour decree,
15
; Jews from Cracow deported to (1940),
16
; ‘King Chaim’ visits,
17
; ghetto established in (1940),
18
; continued anti-Jewish violence in (1940),
19
,
20
; Jews deported to (1941),
21
; events in (during 1941),
22
,
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
27
; account of mass murder at Ponar reaches (1941),
28
; threats and reality in (1941),
29
; acceleration of starvation in,
30
,
31
; ‘a new breath of hope in’,
32
; deaths in,
33
,
34
,
35
; and the ‘final solution’,
36
,
37
; starvation in (1942),
38
,
39
; rumours of resistance reach,
40
; news of the death camp at Chelmno reach,
41
; children sent to safety of ‘Aryans’ in
42
; rumours of an ‘extermination squad’ in,
43
; a Gestapo raid on,
44
; further executions in (27 April 1942),
45
; a festive day in (5 May 1942),
46
; a ‘good mood’ in (8 May 1942),
47
; four Jews shot in (12 May 1942),
48
; Gestapo actions in (May 1942),
49
; a ‘bloody week’ in,
50
; Jewish policemen shot in,
51
; Jewish historians active in,
52
,
53
,
54
,
55
; a mutiny, and a reprisal in,
56
; a Jewish lawyer from, and the Nieswiez revolt,
57
,
58
; a children’s performance in,
59
; deportations to Treblinka from,
60
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
65
; an act of defiance in,
66
; Jews from, in Dzialoszyce,
67
; a setback to resistance in,
68
; a thousand Jews killed in the streets of (6 September 1942),
69
; the truth about Treblinka published in (20 September 1942),
70
; and research into hunger in, comes to an end,
71
; preparation for resistance in,
72
; messengers from,
73
; Council for Assistance to the Jews established (4 December 1942),
74
; fate of a Jew from, noted on a postcard,
75
; a prayer written in,
76
; a German raid on, for renewed deportations (January 1943),
77
; Jewish resistance in (January 1943),
78
; fate of a deportee from,
79
; revolt in (April 1943),
80
; five Poles shot near, for helping Jews,
81
; twenty-seven Jewish women shot in (10 August 1943),
82
; sixty-two Jews in hiding, found and shot (December 1943),
83
; many Jews caught and killed in (January 1944),
84
; a further mass execution in (March 1944),
85
; thirty-eight Jews betrayed in,
86
; death of Ringelblum in,
87
; more than a hundred Jews shot in (6 April 1944),
88
; fifteen Jewish women shot in (11 May 1944),
89
; a Jewess from, murdered at Oradour,
90
; a further mass execution at (July 1944),
91
; the Polish uprising in (August 1944),
92
; seven Jews killed in (October 1944),
93
; the moment of liberation in (January 1945),
94
; a Jewess from, too weak to survive liberation,
95
; a deportee from, hides evidence of mass murder, and is ‘going away calmly’,
96
,
97
n.
98

Warthebrucken (Kolo): an alleged camp near,
1

Warta: nine Jews hanged in (1942),
1

Warthegau: Jews expelled from (1939),
1
,
2
; Jews deported to Chelmno from (1941),
3
,
4

Washington, D.C.: news of mass murder reaches,
1
; and the relatives of a Jewish child in,
2
; news of mass murder of Hungarian Jews at Auschwitz reaches,
3

Wasserman, Yitshak: his partisan group destroyed,
1

Wawer: reprisals in (1939),
1

Wdowinski, David: recalls fate of Jews in Warsaw,
1
,
2
,
3
; and the death of a Jewish child,
4
; recalls Budzyn labour camp,
5
; his family massacred,
6
; pleads after the war, ‘Leave us be’,
7