The Holocaust (160 page)

Sfax: homes plundered in,
1

Shadur, Bluma: and a German raid into the Warsaw ghetto (January 1943),
1

Shalit, Levi: recalls the Day of Atonement in Dachau,
1
; recalls the days after liberation,
2

Shanghai: Jews seek refuge in (1939),
1
; Jewish refugees in (1940),
2

Shanster, Dr: a convert to Christianity,
1
; deported (1942),
2

Shapiro, Rabbi (of Kovno): and the confrontation of mass murder,
1

Shashkovka: mass murder site near (1941),
1
n.
2

Shavuot (Festival of Pentecost): Jews killed during (1942),
1

Shchepkovski, Jacob: killed (1942),
1

Shchepkovski, Yehiel: killed (1942),
1

‘Sheep to the slaughter’: the question of (17 June 1942),
1

Sheinkinder, S.: and a dead man’s ‘obstinacy’,
1

Sheptitsky, Metropolitan Andreas: helps Jews,
1
,
2

Sheptitsky, Father Superior Clement: saves Jews,
1

Sheptitsky, Sister Josepha: saves Jews,
1

Sherpski, Hanna: in Poland (1939),
1

Sherpski, Ze’ev: reaches Palestine (1939),
1

Sheyenson (in Riga): rescued,
1

Shirer, William:
1
; and situation of Jews of Berlin during air raids (1940),
2

Shklarek, Moshe: recalls a deportation (1941),
1
; a witness to mass murder (1942),
2

Shkolnik, Sara: hanged (1941),
1

Shmueli, David: finds his father in Dachau, after liberation,
1

Shmulian, Dr: shot (1944),
1

Shnayder, Yuter: shot (1944),
1

Shufftan, Leopold: in Stutthof (1940),
1

Shulman (a carpenter): and a labour camp revolt,
1

Shumert, Zvia: sheltered,
1
; honours the man who sheltered her,
2
n.
3

Shurek, Hava: and a ‘happy day’ in the ghetto,
1

Shusterman, Rabbi Gabriel: escapes but dies (1943),
1

Shusterman, Yisrael: in the Nieswiez revolt (1942),
1

Shvetz, Abraham: commits suicide (1941),
1

Shyapeltoh, Victoria: and an account of Babi Yar,
1

Siauliai (Shavli): only 4,500 Jews left in,
1
; children deported from,
2
; murder in and deportation from (July 1944),
3
; a Jew from, recalls the Day of Atonement at Dachau,
4
; a Jew from, liberated near Dachau,
5

Siberia: a route of refuge (1940),
1
; and Poland,
2

Siedlce: and Treblinka death camp,
1

Siedliska: a ‘round-up’ of Jews near,
1

Siemiatycze: a Jew shot in (1939),
1
; occupied by Soviet troops (1939),
2
; ‘bombs began to fall’ (1941),
3
; fate of the Jews of (1942),
4
,
5
; resistance in region of,
6

Sieradz: Jews shot in (1939),
1
; fate of an elderly woman from (1942),
2

Sierpc: Jews from, wear ‘badge of shame’ (November 1939),
1

Sievers, Dr: seeks skeletons,
1

Silber, Gershon: punished (1938),
1

Silberberg, Freda: deported to Auschwitz (1944),
1

Simferopol: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2

Simhat Torah (Rejoicing of the Law), Jewish Festival: in Warsaw (1940),
1
; at Auschwitz (1944),
2

Simitli: deportation through,
1

Singer (a prisoner): escapes, but killed in action (1943),
1

Singer, Katherina: warns of an imminent massacre,
1

Singer, Oscar: and ‘horror’ in Lodz,
1

Siwek, Stanislaw: helps Jews,
1

‘Skala’: helps Jews,
1

Skalat: anti-Jewish petition in (1941),
1
; a deportation from (1942),
2

Skarzysko-Kamienna: an ‘action’ in,
1

Sklar, Moshe: shot (1942),
1

Skotnicki, Lieutenant Aleksander: killed (1944),
1

Skovia, Hirsh: dies (1942),
1

Skridlewe: mass murder at (1941),
1
; a second massacre at (1942),
2

Slamovich, Henry: returns to his home town (1945),
1

Slapak, Moshe: killed (1943),
1

Sletten, Inge: helps Jews to safety,
1

Slobodka (Kovno): ghetto established in (1941),
1
; survivors from, liberated at Dachau (1945),
2

Slobodka (Odessa): deportations from ghetto in (1942),
1

Slonim: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3
; mass murder at (1942),
4
; an alarming message from,
5
; revenge for murder at,
6
; a rabbi from, celebrates the Sabbath in a labour camp,
7

Slovakia: Jews attacked in (1938),
1
; declares independence (1939),
2
; ‘Jew-baiting’ in (1939),
3
; deportations from (1940),
4
; fate of Poles seeking to escape to (1940),
5
; Jewish forced labourers from (1940),
6
; Jews seek safety through (1940),
7
,
8
; Jews of, listed (1942),
9
; the ‘key questions… already resolved’,
10
; and the ‘final solution’,
11
; deportations to Auschwitz from,
12
,
13
,
14
; Jews from, at Auschwitz,
15
; recollections of Jews deported to Auschwitz from,
16
,
17
,
18
; renewed deportations to Auschwitz from,
19
; Jews from, deported from Lukow to Auschwitz,
20
; Jews from, in a Warsaw labour camp,
21
; a Jewess from, warns of an imminent massacre in Birkenau,
22
; trains from Hungary pass through,
23
; Jews in uprising in,
24
,
25
; Jews deported to Auschwitz from (August 1944),
26
; the fate of Jews in a town in,
27
; death of a leading Zionist from,
28
; a Jew from, killed at Mauthausen,
29

Slutsk: a protest about ‘horror’ in (1941),
1

Smallbones, R. T.: a witness (1938),
1

Smorgon (Smorgonie): deportation of Jews from,
1

Sobibor: Jewish prisoners-of-war executed near (1940),
1
; a death camp set up near (1942),
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
; the first gassings at (April 1942),
7
; further deportations to,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
; and ‘Operation Reinhard’,
13
; a new rail link planned for,
14
; death toll in,
15
; Jewish orphans gassed in,
16
; Himmler visits,
17
; a deportation from Paris to,
18
; resistance of Jews reaching,
19
; a deportation to, witnessed,
20
; Jews from Minsk deported to,
21
; Day of Atonement at (1943),
22
; revolt at,
23
; death of a leader of the revolt in, after liberation,
24
; a survivor of the revolt in, enters Berlin (May 1945),
25

Socha, Leopold: helps Jews,
1
; his death,
2

Socha, Magdalena: on liberation day,
1

Sokolovo: Jews in battle of (March 1943),
1

Sokolow Podlaski: railwaymen from, at Treblinka,
1
; a train to,
2

Sokolskaya, Bertha: recalls the Bialystok ghetto revolt,
1
; recalls a deportation from Bialystok,
2
; deported to Auschwitz,
3

Sokolskaya, Eva: her fate unknown,
1

Sokolskaya, Menachem: his fate unknown,
1

Sokolskaya, Ovsey: killed (1941),
1

Sokoly: murder of Jews at, after liberation (1945),
1

Sol river: Jews seek to escape to,
1

Sol (Soly): deportation of Jews from,
1

Solgau: liberated Jews enter,
1

Solomon, Yeshieh: killed by Poles (1944),
1

Sompolno: sewing machines of Jews deported from
1

Sonderkommando
(‘Special Commando’): set up from among Jewish deportees, at Belzec,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; at Sobibor (where it was known as the ‘Corpse Commando’),
5
,
6
; at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
24
; at Treblinka,
25
,
26
,
27
; revolt of, at Birkenau (1944),
28
; fate of the remant of, at Birkenau,
29
; at Chelmno, 7170; discovery of the hidden manuscripts of,
30
,
31
n.
32
; ‘I will tell the world’,
33

Soneson, Icchak: survives,
1
; his mother and brother killed after liberation,
2

Soneson, Moshe: an eye-witness to mass murder,
1

Sonia (in Vilna): an eye-witness to mass murder at Ponary (1941),
1

Sonnenshein, Moshe: ‘There is no God’,
1

Sonneberg: Jews near, learn of Hitler’s death,
1

Sonnonfeld, Dr Kurt: commits suicide (1938),
1

Sorbonne, the: murder of former students of,
1
,
2

Sosnkowski, Aleksander: killed, with his family, for hiding Jews (1944),
1

Sosnowiec: a public execution in (1941),
1
; Jews resettled in,
2
; and Moses
Merin,
3
; Jews from, gassed at Auschwitz (1942),
4
,
5
; a Jewess from, deported to Auschwitz from Paris,
6
n.
7
; a Jew hanged in,
8
; renewed deportation to Auschwitz from,
9
; fate of the Jewish Council chairman in,
10
; labour camps at,
11
; Jews deported to Auschwitz from,
12
; a Jew from, in the revolt at Auschwitz,
13
; anti-Jewish riots in, after liberation,
14

Sousse: homes plundered in,
1

South Africa:
1
,
2
,
3

South America: Jews emigrate to,
1
; and a deception,
2
,
3

South Russia: killings in (1942),
1

Soviet prisoners-of-war (in German captivity):
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; killed in poison gas experiments (1941),
5
; murdered near Minsk (1941),
6
,
7
n.
8
; perish near Dvinsk (1942),
9
; their corpses uncovered near Vilna (1943),
10
; an act of resistance by, at Birkenau,
11
; their corpses uncovered near Chelm,
12
; saved,
13
; and the revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
14
; corpses of, found by United States forces,
15
; murdered at Mauthausen,
16
; the death toll of,
17

Soviet Union: German invasion of (June 1941),
1
; non-aggression pact of, with Nazi Germany (August 1939),
2
; Jews fled for refuge to (1940),
3
; still neutral (May 1941),
4
; invaded by Germany (June 1941),
5
,
6
; Jews of, return to the mass-murder sites of the war years,
7

Spain:
1
; Jews reach safety of (1940),
2
,
3
; Luxembourg Jews seek safety in (1940),
4
; possible fate of Jews in,
5
; citizens of, interned (1940),
6
; saves Jews (1943),
7
; French Jews smuggled to (1943),
8
; former Republican soldiers from, murdered at Mauthausen,
9

Spatz, Peter: dies in Dachau (1940),
1

Spatz, Sussel: deported to her death (1942),
1

‘Special Commando 1005’:
see index entry for
‘Blobel Commando’

Speigel, Elsa: deported from Vienna to Minsk (1942),
1

Speigel, Jona Jakob: deported from Vienna, but survives,
1
; his visit to Jerusalem, and his search,
2

Speiser, Salomon: recalls fate of Jews in Gliniany (1941),
1
,
2

Sperber, Henryk: saved, with his family,
1

Speyer, Professor Jakob Edmund: dies (1941),
1

Spiegel, Ernest: a twin at Birkenau,
1
; helps to save the other twins,
2
; leads the twins after liberation,
3

Spiegel, Magda: a twin at Birkenau,
1

Spitz, Nic: killed (1944),
1

Spivack family: eight members murdered (1942),
1

Spivack, Yankel: killed in action,
1
n.
2

Springer, Isi: killed (1944),
1

Srebnik, Shimon: an eye-witness at Chelmno (1944),
1
; and the last day at Chelmno (1945),
2

Stalin: Jews made to praise (1939),
1
; replaces Molotov (1941),
2
; ‘God, not so fast’,
3

Stalingrad: threatened (1942),
1
; saved (1943),
2
; relief of, celebrated in the sewers of Lvov,
3
; a Jewish soldier killed in action at,
4
n.
5

Standarowicz, Mordecai: executed (1943),
1

Stangl, Franz: recalls Belzec,
1