The Holocaust (153 page)

Leipzig:
1
;
Kristallnacht
in (1938),
2
,
3
; a deception concerning (1944),
4
,
5
; Jews deported from a labour camp near, to their deaths,
6

Leitmeritz: Jews evacuated to (1945),
1
,
2

Lejkin, Jakub: his ‘zeal’,
1
; killed as an act of vengeance (1942),
2
; the fate of one of his assassins (1943),
3

Lemberg, Dr Jakub: shot (1942),
1

Lenczycki (from Uniejow): killed, together with his son (1942),
1

Leningrad: a Jew born in, deported from Paris to Auschwitz,
1

Lenino: mass murder at (1942),
1

Lentz (a ‘transport man’): at Chelmno,
1

Lerner, Alexander: sends his daughters to safety,
1
; not allowed to go to Israel (since 1971),
2
n.
3

Lerner, Ingar: killed (1941),
1

Lerner, Judith: sends her daughters to safety,
1

Lerner, Sonia: allowed to leave Russia for Israel (1972),
1
n.
2

Lerner, Victoria: killed (1941),
1

Leros: Jew deportees reach,
1

Lesek, Moshe: at Chelmno,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

Lesko: Jews from, at Sanok camp,
1

Leszczyny: Jews murdered at (1945),
1

Leszno Street (Warsaw): starvation on,
1
; a smuggler on,
2
; three Jews killed on,
3

Levi, Genia: deported (1944),
1

Levin, Abraham: records events in Warsaw and outside it,
1

Levin, Dov: sets off for Palestine (1945),
1

Levin, Moshe: helps escapees,
1

Levin, Sara: helps resistance,
1

Levinbok, Dr: ‘Nor are we guilty, although we are Jews’,
1

Levinstein, Dr Oswald: death of his son (1942); his own suicide (1942),
1

Levinstein, Paul: murdered (1942),
1

Leviticus, Book of: its commandments broken,
1

Lewenbaum, Avraham: liberated,
1

Lewental, Salmen (Zalmen): an eye-witness of mass murder,
1
,
2
; an eye-witness of the revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
3
; an eye-witness of the fate of six hundred Jewish boys,
4
; his notes discovered (1962),
5

Lewi, Dow: normal people ‘cannot possibly understand’,
1

Lewi, Israel: executed (1939),
1

Lewi, Liebe: shot (1939),
1

Lewin, Rabbi Aaron: murdered (1941),
1

Lewin, Yechezkel: seeks help,
1
; murdered (1941),
2

Lewkowicz, Chana: shot (1941),
1

Lewkowicz, Pela: and the Palmnicken massacre,
1

Lezajsk: Jews driven from (1939),
1

Liberman, David: his act of defiance,
1

Liberty Barricade
(Warsaw): gives details of gassings at Chelmno,
1

Lichtenberg, Bernhard: his prayers for the Jews, and his death (1941),
1

Lichtenstein: deportation of Jews of,
1

Lichtenstein, Awigdor: shot (1941),
1

Lichtensztajn, Bluma: commits suicide (1941),
1

Lichtensztajn, Izrael: hides archives (1942),
1

Lichtheim, Richard: reports on Jewish fate (1940),
1
; forecasts end of the war ‘this year’ (1942),
2
; reports on the German intention to ‘kill off’ the deportees,
3

Lichtmann, Eda: and the killing of Jews in Pilica (1939),
1
; and the killing of Jews in Mielec (1942),
2

Lichterman, Jakub: escapes from a death march (1945),
1

Lichtman, Itzhak: recalls an incident at Sobibor (1942),
1

Lida: an act of defiance at (1941),
1
; mass murder near (1941),
2
; further mass murder near (1942),
3
; mass murder at (1942),
4
; Jewish partisans in region of,
5
,
6

Lidice: massacre at (1942),
1

Lidzbarski brothers and sisters: in hiding,
1

Lieberose: a death march from,
1

Liebeskind, Adolf: killed during an act of resistance (1942),
1

Liebeskind, Benjamin: his daughter shot (1942),
1

Liebeskind, Miriam: shot (1943),
1

Liebeskind, Rivka: ‘to save at least someone to relate our story’,
1
; recalls a Sabbath in Birkenau,
2

Liepaja: executions halted at (1941),
1

Liesel:
reaches Palestine (1939),
1

Liff, Mania: an eye-witness to murder,
1

Limoges: three Jews shot at (1944),
1

Lindenbaum, Shalom: and Jewish self-defence (1936),
1
; at Monowitz (1944),
2

Lindenberger, Leon: a survivor, murdered after liberation,
1

Linder (a Warsaw Jew): killed (1942),
1

Lingens, Dr Ella: recalls Dr Mengele’s ‘ruthlessness’,
1

Linkenberg family: a three-month-old baby from, murdered (1944),
1

Linz:
1

Lipke, Alfred: helps Jews,
1

Lipke, Iohanna: helps Jews,
1

Lipke, Yanis: rescues Jews,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

Lippert, Jules: visits Rumbuli (1976),
1

Lipschitz, Adolf: shot (1939),
1

Lipshitz, Ida: flogged (1942),
1

Lipsko: a deportee to Auschwitz born in,
1
n.
2

Lipszowicz, Eliahu: a former partisan leader, murdered after liberation,
1

Lisbon:
1

Lismann, Hermann: does not survive a deportation (1943),
1

Liszt: his music played in the Lodz ghetto,
1

Litani, Dora: and the deportations from Odessa (1942),
1

Lithuania: restrictions against Jews (1936),
1
; Jews flee to (1939),
2
; German invasion of,
3
,
4
; ‘solving the Jewish problem’ in,
5
,
6
; visitors to,
7
; Jewish partisans in forests of,
8
; deportations from (1944),
9
; a Jew from, enters Dachau at liberation (1945),
10
; Jews from, among the survivors at Dachau,
11

Lithuanian Division: Jews in action in,
1

Lithuanians: as collaborators,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
; militiamen,
5
,
6
; and an ‘action’ in Vilna,
7
,
8
; at Swieciany,
9
; at Ejszyszki,
10
; at Butrimonys,
11
; at Kovno,
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
; at Roskiskis,
16
; at Baranowicze,
17
; in Warsaw,
18
; at Ponary,
19
,
20
; and the saving of Jewish life,
21
,
22

Litwak, Chaim: killed after liberation (1945),
1

Litwak, Shaikele: aged twelve, killed after liberation (1945),
1

Litwak, Shammai: killed after liberation (1945),
1

Litwak, Yankele: aged fifteen, killed after liberation (1945),
1

Livschitz, Youra: helps an escape,
1

Lob, Albert: deported to his death (1942), with his wife and son,
1

Loborgrad: Jews murdered at,
1

Locarno Agreement (1925):
1

Lodz (Litzmannstadt): German violence against Jews in (1939),
1
; synagogue set on fire in (1939),
2
; pilfering in (1939),
3
; indignities against Jews of (1939),
4
; ghetto established in (1940),
5
,
6
; forced labourers taken from (1940),
7
; deaths from hunger in (1941),
8
; work in (1941),
9
; Ethnic Germans in,
10
; labour camps near,
11
; events in (during 1941),
12
,
13
,
14
,
15
; deportations from western Europe to (1941),
16
,
17
; postal ‘link’ in,
18
; events in (during 1942),
19
,
20
; deportations to Chelmno from (1942),
21
,
22
,
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
27
; a false assurance concerning,
28
; a letter to, about Chelmno death camp,
29
; a suicide in,
30
; fate of a boy from, at Sobibor,
31
; and news of a deportation reaches,
32
; hangings of Jews in, publicly,
33
; work in, and survival,
34
; death of a philanthropist from,
35
; two Jews hanged in,
36
; renewed deportations from
37
; Jews sent to, from Lask,
38
; ‘we wait for a better tomorrow’,
39
; a hospital deportation from,
40
; Jews from, in Dzialoszyce,
41
; Jewesses brought to, and shot (1942),
42
; clothing sent from, causes complaints (1943),
43
; a deportation train passes through,
44
; a further deportation from,
45
; and prospect of ‘enormous danger’ in,
46
; execution of an escapee from,
47
; suicide of a doctor from,
48
; ‘rumours’ in,
49
; further clothing reaches,
50
; the ‘inevitable starvation’ in (1944),
51
; and a ‘children’s action’ in (April 1944),
52
; clothes from those murdered at Auschwitz despatched to,
53
; renewed deportations from (June 1944),
54
; wrist watches of murdered deportees returned to,
55
; hope and foreboding in,
56
; the final deportations from (August 1944),
57
,
58
,
59
; fate of a ‘respected citizen’ from, and his son,
60
; fate of a woman and two children from,
61
; liberation of a woman from (1945),
62
; a suicide in, after liberation,
63
; deaths on the way from, after liberation (1946),
64
; deaths on the way to, after
liberation,
65
; an appeal from, to help record the history of ‘the dreadful Jewish catastrophe’,
66
; a Jew from, killed in action with the United States Army (1944),
67
n.
68

Loewenberg (a bearded Jew): shot (1939),
1

Lohse, Reich Commissar Hinrich: anti-Jewish decrees of (15 August 1941),
1
; halts an execution (15 November 1941),
2
; told to expect ‘clarification’ of the ‘Jewish question’ (18 December 1941),
3
; a report to (1942),
4

Lomza: defiance at,
1

London: a protest in (1933),
1
n.
2
; suicide of two Jews in (1942),
3
; death of a Jew from, at Auschwitz,
4
; effects of broadcasts from, debated (1942),
5
; information about the deportations reaches (1942),
6
,
7
; a message from Warsaw to (1943),
8
; a suicide in (1943),
9
; a Jewess from, deported to Auschwitz with her son (1944),
10
; news of fate of Hungarian Jews reaches,
11
; horrors seen by men from,
12

Lopatyn, Berl: his courage,
1

Louise S (from Cluj): recalls forced labour at Birkenau,
1
; escapes from a death march,
2

Löwenberg, Maurice: killed (1943),
1

Lowenburg (a Jew in Dachau): ‘horribly beaten’ (1938),
1

Lowenthal, Julius: reaches Palestine (1939),
1

Lowicz: labour camp at,
1
; Jews murdered at,
2

Lowy (a Jew in Dachau): shot dead (1938),
1

Lubartow: a death march through (1940),
1
; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942),
2
; a Jewess survives in hiding in (1942),
3

Lubcz: fate of Jews from,
1

Lübeck: recollections of a Jew from, deported to Riga,
1
; mass murder of Jews in harbour of,
2

Lubetkin, Zivia: an eye-witness of life in the Warsaw ghetto (1941),
1
,
2
; active in resistance,
3
: hears news of mass murder,
4
; discusses resistance,
5
,
6
; and an act of defiance,
7
; and the killing of Jewish policemen,
8
; and the Warsaw ghetto revolt,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
; escapes to countryside (1944),
13
; given shelter,
14
; recalls the moment of liberation (1945),
15
; and ‘our duty to stay with our people’,
16

Lubetzky, Polina: murdered (1941),
1
n.
2

Lubetzky, Sarah: murdered (1941),
1
n.
2

Lubiaz: slaughter at (1941),
1

Lublin: Jewish prisoners-of-war in (1939),
1
; Talmudic Academy in, destroyed (1939),
2
; a death march from (1940),
3
,
4
; Nazi Party meeting in (1941),
5
; Jews deported to (1941),
6
; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942),
7
; tales brought by refugees from, to Warsaw,
8
; trains to Belzec from, reported,
9
; a visitor to,
10
; a concentration camp near,
11
,
12
; to be linked by rail to Sobibor,
13
; an escape from,
14
; Jews from, deported to Majdanek,
15
; Jews pass through on way to Majdanek,
16
; massacre of Jews from,
17
; tragic fate of a Jewish girl in hiding in,
18
; anti-Jewish riots in, after liberation,
19
; Jews murdered in, after liberation,
20