The German War (106 page)
Authors: Nicholas Stargardt
Kurt Gerstein,
100–29; Pfannstiel in Klee et al. (eds),
‘The Good Old Days’,
238–44.
36
Friedländer,
Kurt Gerstein,
100–29.
37
Friedländer,
Years of Extermination,
539–40.
38
Wilhelm Cornides, diary, 31 Aug. 1942, in ‘Observations about the “Resettlement of Jews” in the General Government’, in Hilberg (ed.),
Documents of Destruction,
208 ff.; Friedländer,
The Years of Extermination,
399–400.
39
Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
110.
40
Klukowski,
Diary from the Years of Occupation,
8 April 1942; the same rumour circulated locally amongst the Jewish population: see Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
109 and 179, n. 51, citing testimony of Wohlfuss,
Memorial Book of Rawa Ruska,
238.
41
Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
628, 630–1, 640–1, 650, 653–5, 658: diary and letters to family, 25 and 29 July, 13 Aug., 1 and 26 Sept. 1942.
42
Wagner, ‘Gerüchte, Wissen, Verdrängung’, in Frei et al. (eds),
Ausbeutung, Vernichtung, Öffentlichkeit,
231–48; Steinbacher,
‘Musterstadt’ Auschwitz,
246–52 and 318–20; Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
111–14: Ludwig Haydn, 1942; Salazar Soriano, June 1942; Fermin Lopez Robertz, Mar. 1943; Hahn,
Bis alles in Scherben fällt,
338: 30 Nov. 1941; Andreas-Friedrich,
Der Schattenmann,
96: 22 Dec. 1942; 111 and 125–8: 10 Aug. 1943 and 4 Feb. 1944.
43
Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
109; Herbert,
Best,
313; Niewyk (ed.),
Fresh Wounds,
176; Liselotte G. in Hammer and Nieden,
‘Sehr selten habe ich geweint’,
278–9: 31 Aug. 1943.
44
Yakov Grojanowski, testimony on Chełmno camp, 6–19 Jan. 1942, in Gilbert,
The Holocaust,
252–79; Katsh,
Diary of Chaim A. Kaplan,
360, 369–72 and 379: 25 June, 10–12 and 22 July 1942; Hilberg et al. (eds),
Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow,
‘introduction’, 62; Adelson,
The Diary of Dawid Sierakowiak,
142, 161–2 and 258: 19 Oct. 1941, 1–2 May 1942 and 15 Mar. 1943; Corni,
Hitler’s Ghettos,
179–82; on ignorance and knowledge within the ghettos during Mar.–Aug. 1942, see Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka,
241–4.
45
Haydn,
Meter immer nur Meter,
6, 9–11, 53, 123–4 and 129–31: 29 June, 31 July, 19 and 24 Dec. 1942.
46
Longerich,
‘Davon haben wir nichts gewußt!’,
259; Hassell,
The von Hassell Diaries,
272: 15 May 1943; Andreas-Friedrich,
Der Schattenmann,
125–6: 4 Feb. 1944; Scholl,
Die weiße Rose,
91–3: second manifesto: 300,000 Jews murdered; Haydn,
Meter immer nur Meter,
51: 30 July 1942; Aly, ‘Die Deportation der Juden von Rhodos nach Auschwitz’, 79–88.
47
Stuttgart NS-Kurier,
4 Oct. 1941; Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
130; Haag,
Das Glück zu leben,
164: 5 Oct. 1942; Wantzen,
Das Leben im Krieg,
610: 5 Nov. 1941.
48
Orlowski and Schneider,
‘Erschießen will ich nicht!’,
247: 18 Nov. 1943.
49
Klemperer,
To the Bitter End,
141–2: 21 Sept. 1942.
50
Stargardt, ‘Speaking in public about the murder of the Jews’, in Wiese and Betts (eds),
Years of Persecution, Years of Extermination,
133–55.
51
Heiber,
Reichsführer!,
169; on Wise’s information, Feingold,
Politics of Rescue,
170; Himmler,
Der Dienstkalender Heinrich Himmlers 1941/42,
ed. Witte, 619 n. 43; Friedländer,
The Years of Extermination,
462–3; Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews,
623–4; Neander, ‘Seife aus Judenfett’, in
Fabula: Zeitschrift für Erzählforschung,
46 (2005), 241–56; Harig,
Weh dem, der aus der Reihe tanzt,
203.
52
Bankier,
The Germans and the Final Solution,
122–3; for more of her story, Kaplan,
Between Dignity and Despair,
223–8.
53
Klee,
Die SA Jesu Christi,
148; Goebbels,
Tgb,
II/2, 362–3: 25 Nov. 1941; Wurm in Gerlach,
And the Witnesses Were Silent,
204; Hermle, ‘Die Bischöfe und die Schicksale “nichtarischer” Christen’, in Gailus and Lehmann (eds),
Nationalprotestantische Mentalitäten,
263–306; Gailus and Nolzen (eds),
Zerstrittene ‘Volksgemeinschaft’.
54
Gutteridge,
Open thy Mouth for the Dumb!,
231–2; Gerlach,
And the Witnesses Were Silent,
194: Church Chancellery, open letter to all provincial churches, 23 Dec. 1941; Düringer and Kaiser (eds),
Kirchliches Leben im Zweiten Weltkrieg,
82–3; Bergen,
Twisted Cross.
55
Klepper,
Unter dem Schatten deiner Flügel,
1008–9: 25 Dec. 1941; also Wecht,
Jochen Klepper,
292–320.
56
Klepper,
Unter dem Schatten deiner Flügel,
1041, 1043, 1127–32: 10 and 15 Mar. and 5–8 Dec. 1942; Klepper (ed.),
In Tormentis Pinxit.
57
Klepper,
Unter dem Schatten deiner Flügel,
1132–3: 9–10 Dec. 1942.
58
Gruner,
Widerstand in der Rosenstrasse;
Stoltzfuss,
Resistance of the Heart.
59
Kaplan,
Between Dignity and Despair,
217–20.
60
Ibid., 203 and 228; Kwiet and Eschwege,
Selbstverwaltung und Widerstand,
150; Beck,
An Underground Life.
61
Roseman,
The Past in Hiding,
306–92; Roseman, ‘Gerettete Geschichte’, 100–21.
62
Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
630–1, 640–1, 650, 653–5, 658: diary and letters to family, 25 and 29 July, 13 Aug., 1 and 26 Sept. 1942.
63
Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
657–8: diary, 26 Sept. 1942; Paulsson,
Secret City,
79, and further details in his ‘Hiding in Warsaw,’ DPhil. Thesis, Oxford, 1998, 278; SS-Untersturmbannführer Gerhard Stabenow, born 26 Jan. 1906 in Halle, had a PhD and a doctorate in law, and was still alive to be interviewed in 1950:
Der Spiegel,
31 Aug. 1950, 35/1950. He wrote two short books:
Das Ostreparationen: Ein Inaugural-Dissertation,
n.p., 1930;
Die Olympiaberichterstattung in der Deutschen Presse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Provinzpresse und die Entwicklung der Sportberichterstattung in der Provinzpresse 1936 bis 1940,
Mitteldt. National-Verlag, 1941.
64
Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
659, 637, 641–3 and 660: diary, 1 Oct. and 7 and 18 Aug. 1942; letter to Helmut, 5 Oct. 1942.
65
Ibid., 250: 16 Sept. 1939, and 81–3.
66
Kardorff,
Berliner Aufzeichnungen,
44: 20 Nov. 1942: this incident may be a post-war addition; there is nothing in her original pocket diary.
67
Ibid., 52, n. 3 and 59: 31 Dec. 1942 and 12 Jan. 1943, dramatised this dilemma at length.
68
On
Sonderaktion
1005, see Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka,
170–8, 370–6; Hilberg,
Destruction of the European Jews,
3, 976–7; Kulka and Jäckel,
Die Juden in den geheimen NS-Stimmungsberichten,
#3652, SD Außenstelle Bad Neustadt, 15 Oct. 1943.
9
Scouring Europe
Scouring Europe
1
Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
639–40; also Overy,
Why the Allies Won,
1–24.
2
Kershaw,
Hitler,
2, 442–6.
3
Wegner, ‘Hitlers Strategie zwischen Pearl Harbor und Stalingrad’.
4
Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
513–15; Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire,
259–72.
5
Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
380–93, 402–15.
6
Gildea et al.(eds),
Surviving Hitler and Mussolini,
46–7.
7
Gillingham,
Industry and Politics in the Third Reich;
Gildea et al. (eds),
Surviving Hitler and Mussolini,
50.
8
Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
513–51.
9
Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord;
Kay,
Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder.
10
IMT,
39, doc. 170-USSR, 384–412; Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord,
175; Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
546–7; Gerlach and Tooze have taken this intervention as an announcement of policy, and argued that German food requirements became a major driver of the Holocaust. Against this interpretation is the fact that the mass deportation of European Jews to the death camps had already started weeks before this meeting: for a critique, see Stone,
Histories of the Holocaust,
140–2.
11
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair,
122; Brandt,
Management of Agriculture,
610 and 614.
12
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers,
167–204; Gildea et al. (eds),
Surviving Hitler and Mussolini,
62–70.
13
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair,
259–64; Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers,
192–8; Tooze,
Wages of Destruction,
517–18.
14
Davies and Wheatcroft,
The Years of Hunger;
Davies et al.,
The Years of Progress.
15
Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair,
135.
16
Ibid., 134 and 280–12; Chiari,
Alltag hinter der Front;
Gerlach,
Kalkulierte Morde,
11; Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire,
282–4.
17
Chiari,
Alltag hinter der Front,
36–48 and 268; Berkhoff,
Harvest of Despair.
18
Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
126.
19
Ibid., 111, 126–32.
20
Ibid., 83–5; Schwartz, ‘The politics of food and gender in occupied Paris’, 35–45.
21
Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
116–18, 148–9; 27; Reg Langlois (Jersey) and Daphne Breton (Guernsey):
bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar
archive of stories, A3403946 and A4014091.
22
Nissen, ‘Danish food production in the German war economy’, in Trentmann and Just (eds),
Food and Conflict in Europe in the Age of the Two World Wars;
Brandt,
Management of Agriculture,
300–11; Collingham,
The Taste of War,
174–6.
23
Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat,
123, citing VR der RKK, 1 July 1942, BA R 29/3, Nl. 223f; Bohn,
Reichskommissariat Norwegen;
Voglis, ‘Surviving hunger’, in Gildea et al. (eds),
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