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Authors: Nicholas Stargardt

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42–7.
13
MadR,
1139, 1127 and 1151: 16, 14 and 20 May 1940.
14
   Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend,
179–239.
15
   Hooton,
Luftwaffe at War,
2, 67; Frieser,
The Blitzkrieg Legend,
252–90; Pieper (ed.),
Nazis on Speed.
16
MadR,
1153–4, 1162–6: 20 and 23 May 1940.
17
   Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Ernst to Irene Guicking, 28 May, 9, 2, 7, 15, 21, 24 and 15 June 1940.
18
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.0211, Hans Albring to Eugen Altrogge, 21–22 Mar., [n.d.] May 1940; MfK–FA, 3.2002.210, Eugen Altrogge to Hans Albring, 21 April 1940; Robert Grosche, the General Vicar at Cologne, was also an admirer of Newman: Grosche, letter 10 July 1941, in AEK, Nachlaß Grosche, 285, 36.
19
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.210, Eugen Altrogge to Hans Albring, 16, 23 and 1 May 1940; Kreuzer,
Verdi and the Germans.
20
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.0306, Fritz to Hildegard P., 3 June, 17 July 1940; also 15, 19, 22, 26, 28 May, 19 and 24 June 1940.
21
   Hoffmann, ‘Der Mythos der perfekten Propaganda’, in Daniel (ed.),
Augenzeugen,
169–92; Kundrus, ‘Totale Unterhaltung?’, 102–3; Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
151–2: 19 June 1940;
MadR,
1166–8 and 1221–3: 23 May and 6 June 1940; Ross,
Media and the Making of Modern Germany,
343.
22
   Gardner,
The Evacuation from Dunkirk;
Franks,
The Air Battle of Dunkirk.
23
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.0211, Hans Albring to Eugen Altrogge, Whitsun [12] May and 2 June 1940.
24
MadR,
1266–7: 17 June 1940; Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Irene to Ernst Guicking, 23 June 1940.
25
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.0306, Fritz to Hildegard P., 3 June, 17 July 1940; also 15, 19, 22, 26, 28 May, 19 and 24 June 1940.
26
   Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
51–4; 357–60: letters to wife and son, 11, 14 and 16 June 1940.
27
   MfK–FA, 3.2002.7209, Helmut Paulus to his parents, 17 June 1940; target practice, Helmut Paulus to parents, 16 April 1940; KA, 3931/2, Dierk S., ‘Auszüge’, 5–6 and 12–15: 1 July, 25–26 Sept., 29 Nov. and 21 Dec. 1940; Kershaw,
‘Hitler Myth’,
156.
28
MadR,
1167 and 1283: 23 May and 20 June 1940; Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
234;
Die Deutsche Wochenschau,
No. 511, 20 June 1940.
29
MadR,
1221–2: 6 June 1940; MfK–FA, 3.2002.0306, Fritz to Hildegard P., 22 May 1940; Scheck,
Hitler’s African Victims;
for poster, Theweleit,
Male Fantasies,
1, 94.
30
   Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
328–36: 21–23 June 1940;
Die Deutsche Wochenschau,
No. 512, 27 June 1940;
MadR,
1306–7: 27 June 1940.
31
MadR,
1284: 20 June 1940, and also 829–30, and 4, 978–9, 1179–80 and 1221–3: 1 Mar., 10 Apr., 27 May and 6 June 1940; cinema attendance, see Welch,
Propaganda and the German Cinema,
196; Carter,
Dietrich’s Ghosts,
chapter 7; Regierungspräsident of Swabia, 9 July 1940 and reports on the
Wochenschau,
cited in Kershaw,
‘Hitler Myth’,
155 and 158–9.
32
   Orlowski and Schneider (eds),
‘Erschießen will ich nicht!’,
73 and 70: 21 June and 15 May 1940; Evangelisches Zentralarchiv Berlin, 1/2877: Ansprache von Landesbischof D Meiser bei der 49 Tagung des bayerischen Pfarrervereins, 26 June 1940.
33
   Gildea,
Marianne in Chains,
72, citing
Sturmmarsch zur Loire: Ein Infanteriekorps stürmt, siegt und verfolgt. Erinnerungsbuch des XXXVIII. Armeekorps vom Feldzug über Somme, Seine und Loire,
Berlin, 1941, 142; Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Ernst to Irene Guicking, 30 June 1940.
34
   Germany’s official tally of military deaths in the First World War amounted to 1,885,245, with an additional 170,000 soldiers missing, presumed dead:
Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich 1924–5,
44, Berlin, 1925, 25. In 1944, the Wehrmacht calculated that 15,500 of its soldiers were killed in the Polish campaign and increased its estimate of those killed in France from 26,500 to 46,000: Overmans,
Deutsche militärische Verluste im zweiten Weltkrieg,
304.
35
   Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
354–5: 18 July 1940; Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis,
492–3.
36
   Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
388; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
360: 22 July 1940; Hitler,
Reden und Proklamationen,
1540–59: 19 July 1940.
37
MadR,
1412 and 1402: 25 and 22 July 1940; Kershaw,
Hitler,
2, 298; Kleindienst (ed.),
Sei tausendmal gegrüßt:
Irene to Ernst, 23 June 1940; Hosenfeld,
‘Ich versuche jeden zu retten’,
362 and 260: 26 and 16 June 1940.
38
   Churchill, BBC, 14 July 1940:
http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/126-war-of-the-unknown-warriors
; Thomas, ‘After Mers-el-Kébir’, 112/447, 643–70; Osborn,
Operation Pike,
198–9.
39
   Overy,
Bombing War,
60–6 and 237; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
263–4: 10–11 May 1940; Hoch, ‘Der Luftangriff auf Freiburg am 10. Mai 1940’; Hahnke,
Luftkrieg und Zivilbevölkerung,
187–90; Werner Jochmann (ed.),
Monologe im Führer-Hauptquartier,
394: 6 Sept. 1942; Auswärtiges Amt,
8. Weissbuch. Dokumente über die Alleinschuld Englands am Bombenkrieg gegen die Zivilbevölkerung,
Berlin, 1943.
40
MadR,
1309, 1424 and 1441: 27 June, 29 July and 5 Aug. 1940; Overy,
Bombing War,
84; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
364: 4 Aug. 1940.
41
MadR,
1307, 1293, 1362–3 and 1412 and 1402: 27 and 24 June, 11, 25 and 22 July 1940; Kershaw,
Hitler,
2, 298; Goebbels,
Tgb,
I/8, 202: 3 July 1940.
42
   Hubatsch (ed.),
Hitlers Weisungen,
46–9 and 71–6; Förster, ‘Hitler turns East’, in Wegner (ed.),
From Peace to War,
117–24; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
366: 11 Aug. 1940.
43
   Overy,
Bombing War,
81–3; Göring,
VB,
4 Aug. 1940; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
365: 5 Aug. 1940.
44
MadR,
1525: 2 Sept. 1940. On Göring, Fleming,
August 1939,
171; Steinert,
Hitlers Krieg und die Deutschen,
172 and 366–7; Klemperer,
The Language of the Third Reich,
128 and 278.
45
   Hitler,
Reden und Proklamationen,
1574–83: 4 Sept. 1940; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
388–9: 5 Sept. 1940.
46
   Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
385–6: 31 Aug. 1940.
47
   Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
399; Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
391–2: 7–8 Sept. 1940; Overy,
Bombing War,
86–8.
48
   Shirer,
Berlin Diary,
394 and 391: 11 and 7 Sept. 1940.
49
   Groehler,
Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland,
238–54; Blank, ‘Kriegsalltag und Luftkrieg an der “Heimatfront”’, 401–6; Krüger, ‘Die Bombenangriffe auf das Ruhrgebiet’, in Borsdorf and Jamin (eds),
Überleben im Krieg,
93.
50
   Wantzen,
Das Leben im Krieg,
163: 10 July 1940.
51
   Kock,
‘Der Führer sorgt für unsere Kinder
. . .’, 71–81.
52
   Ibid., 120–22.
53
   Parental attitudes and rumours,
MadR,
1648: 7 Oct. 1940; numbers of child evacuees, Kock,
‘Der Führer sorgt für unsere Kinder
. . .’, 136–8.
54
   Rüther (ed.),
KLV,
Cologne, 2000, electronic resource only: Anneliese Mayer, letters home, 28 and 30 Jan. 1941; Gisela Eckmann (Henn), Bericht.
55
   Sollbach,
Heimat Ade!,
14.
56
   Ibid., 136–7: Rudolf Lenz: 19 Feb. 1997.
57
   KA 2073, Ilse-W. Pfofe, KLV-Tagebuch, 27.4.–18.11.1941, MS, 7 May, 3 and 13 June, 29 July, 18 and 25 Aug., and 19 Oct. 1941.
58
   KA 2073, Ilse-W. Pfofe, KLV-Tagebuch, 1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 25 and 28 May, 2, 16, 22 and 29 June, 6 and 20 July, 8 and 14 Aug. 1941.
59
   Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
400.
60
   Ibid., 64–5, 394 and 398–401: 7–12 Sept. 1940.
61
MadR,
1526 and 1530: 2 Sept. 1940.
62
   Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
393: 15 Aug. 1940;
MadR,
1527 and 1583: 2 and 19 Sept. 1940.
63
MadR,
1646–7: 7 Oct. 1940; also, 1608, 1619, 1633: 19 Sept.–3 Oct. 1940. ‘Die lügen und wir lügen auch’.
64
   Strobl,
The Germanic Isle,
141–60 and 175–89;
Die verlorene Insel: Das Gesicht des heutigen England,
Berlin, 1941;
Sopade
1939, 6, 843: 6 July 1939;
MadR,
1526 and 1530: 2 Sept. 1940.
65
   Wantzen,
Das Leben im Krieg,
164: 10 July 1940; Strobl,
The Germanic Isle,
188–93; Strobl,
The Swastika and the Stage,
153 and 192; Jochmann (ed.),
Monologe im Führer-Hauptquartier,
45: 22–23 July 1941.
66
Ohm Krüger,
1941, directed by Hans Steinhoff, Karl Anton and Herbert Maisch, with Emil Jannings.
67
   Hitler cited in Halder,
Kriegstagebuch,
98–100: 14 Sept. 1940; Maier, ‘Luftschlacht um England’, in Maier et al. (eds),
Das deutsche Reich und der zweite Weltkrieg,
2, 390–1; Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
66–7 and 401–2; Overy,
The Bombing War,
98;
MadR,
1595: 23 Sept. 1940.
68
   Goebbels,
Tgb,
I/8, 410: 24 Nov. 1940;
MadR,
1834 and 1916: 5 Dec. 1940 and 20 Jan. 1941.
69
   Overy,
Bombing War,
98, 108 and 113–15; Kris and Speier (eds),
German Radio Propaganda,
398: fig. xxix ‘Frequency of stereotypes during the Battle of Britain’.
70
   Wantzen,
Das Leben im Krieg,
256 and 164–5; Eggert,
Der Krieg frißt eine Schule,
92–3; Reissner, in Krüger, ‘Die Bombenangriffe auf das Ruhrgebiet’, 92–3; Gève,
Youth in Chains,
17; Middlebrook and Everitt,
Bomber Command War Diaries,
31–8 and 56–130; statistics in Groehler, ‘Bomber über Berlin’, 113; Overy,
Bombing War,
113.
71
   DHM, Do2 96/1861, ‘Tagebuch von Liselotte Purper aus dem Zeitraum September 1940 bis Januar 1943’: 17 Oct. 1940 and 25 July 1941; Reissner, in Krüger, ‘Die Bombenangriffe auf das Ruhrgebiet’, 92; Wantzen,
Das Leben im Krieg,
321–2: 29 Dec. 1940; falling numbers, Kock,
‘Der Führer sorgt für unsere Kinder . . .’,

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