The Edward Snowden Affair (46 page)

¹³
   Cf. 2.12

¹⁴
   AP, “Bush program extended beyond wiretapping.”
USA Today
. July 10, 2009.
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-07-10report-surveillance_N.htm
.

¹⁵
   Maass, Peter. “How Laura Poitras Helped Snowden Spill His Secrets.”
The New York Times
. Aug. 13, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/magazine/laura-poitras-snowden.html?pagewanted=all
.

¹⁶
   Poitras, Laura. “The Program.”
The New York Times
. Aug. 22, 2012.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/opinion/the-national-securityagencys-domestic-spying-program.html
.

¹⁷
   Hermann, Peter. “NSA whistle-blowers want seized computers returned.”
The Baltimore Sun
. Nov. 16, 2011.
http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-11-16/news/bs-md-drake-sues-fbi20111116-130_1_nsa-employee-thomas-andrews-drake-drake-case
.

¹⁸
   Radack, Jesselyn. “Judge Has Choice Words for Justice Department’s Prosecution of Drake.”
Whistleblower.org
. July 18, 2011.
http://www.whistleblower.org/blog/31/1273
.

¹⁹
   Federation of American Scientists. “United States of America v. Thomas Andrews Drake” indictment.
Federation of American Scientists
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/news/2010/04/drake-indict.pdf
.

²⁰
   Cf. 2.6

²¹
   Hosenball, Mark. “Laptops Snowden took to Hong Kong, Russia were a ‘diversion.’”
Reuters
. Oct. 11, 2013.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/11/us-usa-security-snowden-idUSBRE99A0LK20131011
.

²²
   Risen, James and Eric Lichtblau. “Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Court.”
The New York Times
. Dec. 16, 2005.
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html?pagewanted=all
.

²³
   Lichtblau, Eric. “The Education of a 9/11 Reporter.”
Slate
. Mar. 26, 2008.
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2008/03/the_education_of_a_911_reporter.html
.

²⁴
   Maass, Peter. “Q. & A.: Edward Snowden Speaks to Peter Maass.”
The New York Times
. Aug. 13, 2013.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/magazine/snowden-maass-transcript.html
.

²⁵
   Cf. 2.16

²⁶
   
National Film Registry
. “Registry Titles.”
National Film Registry
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.loc.gov/film/registry_titles.php
.

²⁷
   Cf. 2.15

²⁸
   
The Whitney Museum
. Program Guide.
The Whitney Museum
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://whitney.org/file_columns/0003/0173/2012whitneybiennial_programguide.pdf
.

²⁹
   Viewfinder (Duke University’s MFA Program blog). “Visiting Artist Laura Poitras Named MacArthur Fellow.”
Viewfinder
. Oct. 2, 2012.
http://mfaeda.org/archives/1071
.

³⁰
   Poitras, Laura. “Miranda Detention: ‘Blatant Attack on Press Freedom.’”
Der Spiegel
. Aug. 26, 2013.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/laura-poitras-on-british-attacks-on-press-freedom-and-the-nsa-affair-a918592.html
.

³¹
   Cf. 2.15

³²
   Cf. 2.15

³³
   Cf. 2.30

³⁴
   Lennard, Natasha. “Laura Poitras, the NSA, Snowden and a Rubik’s Cube.”
Salon
. Aug. 13, 2013.
http://www.salon.com/2013/08/13/laura_poitras_the_nsa_snowden_and_a_rubiks_cube/
.

³⁵
   Cf. 2.15

³⁶
   Cf. 2.15

³⁷
   Cf. 2.34

³⁸
   Cf. 2.15

³⁹
   Gellman, Barton. “Code name ‘Verax’: Snowden, in exchanges with Post reporter, made clear he knew risks.”
The Washington Post
. June 9, 2013.
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-09/world/39856622_1_intelligence-powers-single-point
.

⁴⁰
   Carmon, Irin. “How we broke the NSA story.”
Salon
. June 10, 2013.
http://www.salon.com/2013/06/10/qa_with_laura_poitras_the_woman_behind_the_nsa_scoops/
.

⁴¹
   Auletta, Ken. “Freedom of Information.”
The New Yorker
. Oct. 7, 2013.
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/10/07/131007fa_fact_auletta?currentPage=all
.

⁴²
   Cf. 2.40

⁴³
   Gorman, Siobhan. “Brennan Is Out of Running for CIA Post.”
The Wall Street Journal
. Nov. 26, 2008.
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB122764804462557485
.

⁴⁴
   Cf. 2.41

⁴⁵
   Cf. 2.15

⁴⁶
   Mierjeski, Alex. “Snoop Snoop Song: A Conversation with Glenn Greenwald.”
Harpers
. July 17, 2013.
http://harpers.org/blog/2013/07/snoop-snoop-song/
.

⁴⁷
   
Philanthropy New York
. “Transitions, April 2013.”
Philanthropy New York
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.philanthropynewyork.org/s_nyrag/doc.asp?CID=6886&DID=61778
.

⁴⁸
   Time. Contributor Profile – Bart Gellman.
Time
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://techland.time.com/author/gellmanb/?iid=redirect-counterspy/
.

⁴⁹
   Greenwald, Glenn, et al. “Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations.”
The Guardian
. June 9, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsawhistleblower-surveillance
.

⁵⁰
   Cf. 2.39

⁵¹
   Cf. 2.39

⁵²
   Cf. 2.39

⁵³
   Cf. 2.39

⁵⁴
   Cf. 2.39

⁵⁵
   Cf. 2.49

⁵⁶
   Cf. 2.39

⁵⁷
   Greenwald, Glenn. “Edward Snowden: NSA whistleblower answers reader questions.”
The Guardian
. June 17, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/17/edward-snowden-nsa-fileswhistleblower
.

⁵⁸
   Freedom of the Press. “Board of Directors.”
Press Freedom Foundation
. Dec. 16, 2013.
https://pressfreedomfoundation.org/about/staff
.

⁵⁹
   Greenwald, Glenn. Personal Twitter account.
Twitter
. June 10, 2013.
https://twitter.com/ggreenwald/status/344040301972815872
.

⁶⁰
   Cf. 2.15

⁶¹
   Cf. 2.15

⁶²
   Cf. 2.40

⁶³
   Sargent, Greg. “Glenn Greenwald pushes back hard on latest Edward Snowden ‘revelations.’”
The Washington Post
. June 24, 2013.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/06/24/glenngreenwald-pushes-back-hard-on-latest-edward-snowden-revelations/
.

⁶⁴
   Cf. 2.15

⁶⁵
   Calderone, Michael. “How Glenn Greenwald Began Communicating With NSA Whistleblower Edward Snowden.”
The Huffington Post
. June 10, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/10/edwardsnowden-glenn-greenwald_n_3416978.html
.

⁶⁶
   Cf. 2.63

⁶⁷
   Cf. 2.65

⁶⁸
   
Der Spiegel
. “Edward Snowden Interview: The NSA and Its Willing Helpers.”
Der Spiegel
. July 8, 2013.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-whistleblower-edward-snowdenon-global-spying-a-910006.html
.

⁶⁹
   Cf. 2.15

⁷⁰
   Cf. 2.40

⁷¹
   Cf. 2.15

⁷²
   Cf. 2.24

⁷³
   Cf. 2.15

⁷⁴
   Davidson, Amy. “Edward Snowden, The N.S.A. Leaker, Comes Forward.”
The New Yorker
. June 9, 2013.
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/closeread/2013/06/edward-snowden-the-nsa-leakercomes-forward.html
.

⁷⁵
   Cf. 2.24

⁷⁶
   Lake, Eli. “Inside the ‘Q Group,’ the Directorate Hunting Down Edward Snowden.”
The Daily Beast
. June 10, 2013.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/10/inside-the-q-group-thedirectorate-hunting-down-andrew-snowden.html
.

⁷⁷
   Hosenball, Mark. “Feds hunted for Snowden in days before NSA programs went public.”
Reuters
. June 12, 2013.
http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE95B1A220130612?irpc=932
.

⁷⁸
   Cf. 2.24

⁷⁹
   Cf. 2.15

C
HAPTER
3

¹
     Greenwald, Glenn. “Edward Snowden: NSA whistleblower answers reader questions.”
The Guardian
. June 17, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/17/edward-snowden-nsa-fileswhistleblower
.

²
     Halperin, Carrie. “The Note’s Must-Reads for Wednesday June 5, 2013.”
ABC News
. June 5, 2013.
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/06/the-notes-must-reads-for-wednesday-june-5-2013/
.

³
     Schmidt, Michael, et al. “U.S. Preparing Charges Against Leaker of Data.”
The New York Times
. June 10, 2013.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/us/snowden-facing-charges-leaves-hong-konghotel.html?pagewanted=all
.

⁴
     Calderone, Michael. “Washington Post Began PRISM Story Three Weeks Ago, Heard Guardian’s ‘Footsteps.’”
The Huffington Post
. June 7, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/07/washington-post-prismguardian_n_3402883.html
.

⁵
     Greenwald, Glenn. “NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily.”
The Guardian
. June 5, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-recordsverizon-court-order
.

⁶
     Cf. 3.5

⁷
     Gorman, Siobhan. “U.S. Collects Vast Data Trove.”
The Wall Street Journal
. June 7, 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324299104578529112289298922.html
.

⁸
     Cf. 3.5

⁹
     Cauley, Leslie. “NSA has massive database of Americans’ phone call.”
USA Today
. May 11, 2006.
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa_x.htm
.

¹⁰
   Snider, L. “Recollections from the Church Committee’s Investigation of NSA.”
CIA.gov
. Apr. 14, 2007.
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-forthe-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter9900/art4.html
.

¹¹
   Epsley-Jones, Katelyn and Christina Frenzel. “The Church Committee Hearings & the FISA Court.”
PBS
. May 15, 2007.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/homefront/preemption/churchfisa.html
.

¹²
   Roberts, Dan, et al. “NSA surveillance: anger mounts in Congress at ‘spying on Americans.’”
The Guardian
. June 11, 2013.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/12/anger-mounts-congresstelephone-surveillance-programmes
.

¹³
   O’Keefe, Ed. “Dianne Feinstein, Saxby Chambliss explain, defend NSA phone records program.”
The Washington Post
. June 6, 2013.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/06/06/transcript-dianne-feinstein-saxby-chambliss-explain-defend-nsa-phonerecords-program/
.

¹⁴
   Electronic Frontier Foundation. “Hepting v. AT&T.”
Electronic Frontier Foundation
. Dec. 16, 2013.
https://www.eff.org/cases/hepting
.

¹⁵
   
Criminalgovernment.com
. “Communications Act of 1934.”
Criminalgovernment.com
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.criminalgovernment.com/docs/61StatL101/ComAct34.html
.

¹⁶
   U.S. Government Printing Office. “Telecommunications Act of 1996.”
U.S. Government Printing Office
. Dec. 16, 2013.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ104/pdf/PLAW-104publ104.pdf
.

¹⁷
   Greenfield, Rebecca. “Verizon Wants You to Blame the Government — and It’s Working.”
The Wire
. June 6, 2013.
http://www.theatlanticwire.com/technology/2013/06/verizon-nsa-response/65978/
.

¹⁸
   Flaherty, Anne. “U.S. Government Pays Hundreds Of Dollars To AT&T And Verizon For Every Wiretap.”
The Huffington Post
. July 10, 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/10/governmentwiretap_n_3571422.html
.

¹⁹
   Risen, James and Laura Poitras. “N.S.A. Gathers Data on Social Connections of U.S. Citizens.”
The New York Times
. Sept. 28, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/us/nsa-examines-social-networks-ofus-citizens.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all&
.

²⁰
   Lake, Eli. “FBI Looks for Leaks at Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.”
The Daily Beast
. June 18, 2013.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/18/fbi-looks-for-leaks-at-foreign-intelligencesurveillance-court.html
.

²¹
   Lake, Eli. “Greenwald: Snowden’s Files Are Out There if ‘Anything Happens’ to Him.”
The Daily Beast
. June 25, 2013.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/06/25/greenwald-snowden-sfiles-are-out-there-if-anything-happens-to-him.html
.