The Dawn of Human Culture (36 page)

Shea, John, 160, 196

Toth, Nicholas, 72–73, 130

shellfish collecting, oldest human, 17

Trinil fossil locality, 111

Sima de los Huesos, 136, 147–152, 173

Trinkaus, Erik, 143, 178, 202

Sinanthropus pekinensis,
127. See also
Homo
Tugen Hills fossil locality, 45

erectus,
Chinese

Turk, Ivan, 194

Singa site and skull, 223

“Turkana Boy,” 93–96, 99–101. See also
Homo

Singer, Ronald, 17

ergaster

Skhul Cave and human fossils, 224–229

social organization

'Ubeidiya site, 118

in australopiths, 35

Uluzzian Industry/Culture, 208

in chimpanzees, 35

Umm El Tlel site, 197

in earliest
Homo,
92

unifacial flaking (defined), 70

in
Homo ergaster,
101

Upper Paleolithic (defined), 187–189, 235

Solecki, Ralph, 193–194

Uraha site, 86

Solo River site.
See
Ngandong locality

uranium-series dating method, 249, 276–277

Solutrean Culture/Industry, 188

Souto, Pedro, 201

valgus angle, 53

spears, oldest known, 18, 158–160, 196

Vértesszöllös site, 157

spearthrower (atlatl), oldest known, 161

Vindija Cave, 185, 197, 211

Spy Cave, 171, 197

Vogelherd Cave (Stetten), 260

Steinheim site and skull, 147

von Koenigswald, G. H. R., 112, 127

Sterkfontein Cave, 34, 69

stone artifact manufacture, oldest, 54, 64–69

Walker, Alan, 48, 57, 93, 99

Stoneking, Mark, 182

Weidenreich, Franz, 113, 127

stratigraphic dating method, 274–275

West Turkana sites.
See
“Black Skull,” “Turkana striking platform (defined), 65

Boy”

Sungir’ site, 265–266

White, Randall, 264–266

Susman, Randall, 77–79

White, Tim, 43, 47, 48, 52, 59, 88

Suwa, Gen, 43, 47

Wilson, Alan, 182

Swanscombe site and skull, 147

Wolpoff, Milford, 246

Swartkrans Cave, 34, 35, 41, 69, 77–80, 156

Woodward, Arthur Smith, 217, 221

Swisher, Carl, 114–115

Wymer, John, 17

symbol(ism), oldest indications, 12–15

Wynn, Thomas, 142

Szeletian/Jersmanowician Industry/Culture, 208

Y-chromosome and modern human origins, 183,

Taieb, Maurice, 43

246–247

Tangshan site (Nanjing), 128

Yinkou (Jinnuishan) site, 253–254

Tattersall, Ian, 203

Yiyuan site.
See
Qizianshan Hill

Taung Cave, 30–35. See also
Australopithecus

Yunxian site.
See
Quyuankekou site

africanus

Ysterfontein site, 239

Tchernov, Eitan, 224

TD6.
See
Gran Dolina site

Zafarraya Cave, 213

termite eating, by early humans, 80–81

Zhoukoudian Locality 1, 126–130, 157. See also

Terra Amata site, 157

Homo erectus
, Chinese

Thieme, Hartmut, 158, 160

Zihão, João, 201–202, 208, 212–213

Thorne, Alan, 246

Zinjanthropus boisei,
82. See also
Paranthropus
Tobias, Phillip, 82

boisei

• THE DAWN OF HUMAN CULTURE
  
  • CONTENTS
    
  • PREFACE
    
  • CHAPTER 1 Dawn at Twilight Cave
    
  • CHAPTER 2 Bipedal Apes
    
  • CHAPTER 3 The World’s Oldest Whodunit
    
  • CHAPTER 4 The First True Humans
    
  • CHAPTER 5 Humanity Branches Out
    
  • CHAPTER 6 Neanderthals Out on a Limb
    
  • CHAPTER 7 Body Before Behavior
    
  • CHAPTER 8 Nurture or Nature Before the Dawn?
    
  • APPENDIX Placing Ancient Sites in Time
    
  • SELECTED FURTHER READING
    
  • INDEX