The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (320 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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(Skt., ‘Lord’). Honorific title of respect in India, especially for a holy person.
Babylonian captivity
.
Period (586–538 BCE) during which many Israelites were held in exile in Babylon. The phrase was applied by Petrarch to the Church during the period when the papacy was at Avignon (1309–77): see
ANTIPOPE
.
Babylonian Talmud
(Jewish authoritative development of Mishnah)
:
see
TALMUD
.
Bach, J. S.
(German composer)
:
see
MUSIC
.
Bacharach, Jair
(1638–1702).
German
Talmudist
. Under his leadership thirteen scholars met to study and prepare themselves for
redemption
. Serving as the
rabbi
of Koblenz and Worms, he collected the writings of
Shabbeti Tzevi
and was the author of collections of
responsa
, mainly of a conservative trend.
Bacon, Roger
(
c.
1214–92).
Franciscan
philosopher. Born in England, he was one of the first to show interest in
Aristotle's
scientific works, then becoming known in the West. He devoted himself to languages, mathematics, and experimental science, and became a Franciscan. Later, in Paris, he wrote his encyclopaedic work, the
Opus Maius
, for Pope Clement IV, after whose death in 1268 he came under suspicion of novelty and dangerous doctrine.
Bad
'

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