The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1203 page)

(Skt., ‘time’). A general Hindu word for
time
, displacing the Vedic
tu
, which focused on the seasons.
Kal
means ‘enumerate’, or ‘calculate’ and moved the interest in time to the longer sequences of past, present, and future. Both
Vi
u
and
iva
are regarded as aspects of cosmic time.
Yama
, death, is associated with k
la (and is sometimes called K
la), and the k
lada
a, the staff of death, is one of Yama's emblems. K
la is also the bringer of, in addition to death, destiny from the gods (
daiva
).

 
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Kal
(limit on efficacy)
: