Tears in the Darkness (77 page)

Homma, Masahiko,
347–48
,
349

Homma, Matsu,
347
,
348
,
349
,
382

Homma, Michio,
347–48

Homma, Seisako,
348
,
349
,
367
,
369
,
382–83

Homma, Toshiko,
347–48

Homma trial,
352–81
,
384
; arraignment in,
358–59
; Baldassarre's testimony at,
362–64
; closing arguments in,
379–80
; command responsibility and,
353–54
,
373
,
376–77
; death sentence in,
381
; defense strategy in,
370
; defense witnesses in,
366–68
,
370–78
; prosecution strategy in,
354–55
,
361–62
,
366

Hong Kong,
111
,
343

“Horror of Jap Prison Ship Told” (Weller),
417n

horses,
74
,
108–10
,
217
; as food,
126
; pack,
58
,
85
; in Philippines,
47
,
170
,
173
,
205
; sketching of,
160
,
277
,
278
; Steele's falling off of,
33
; Steele's love of,
5
,
11
,
13
,
108–109
,
252
,
299
,
341–42
; in troop ships,
299
; work,
53–54
,
109–10

Hoskins, John,
92

hospitals: in Bilibid Prison,
258
,
265
,
267–85
,
290
,
292
,
294–96
,
308
,
337
; in Billings,
396–98
; at Camp O'Donnell,
228
,
234–35
; field,
146
,
149
,
171
,
180
,
258
,
412n
; for POW returnees,
333–37

hospital ships,
332–33

Hubbard, Preston John,
179–80
,
254
,
268

Huff, Sidney,
124
,
126

Hull, Cordell,
352

Hunt, Frazier,
408n

Hunt, Ray,
181
,
182
,
190

hunting and slaughtering,
116–17
,
126–27

 

Ikegami, Eiko,
405n

Imai, Takeo,
74–75
,
84
,
85
,
372

Imamura, Hitoshi,
55–56

Imperial Army War College,
74
,
76

Imperial General Staff, Japanese,
55–56
,
346
,
371–72
; Bataan attack and,
64–65
,
72
,
112
,
113
; emperor and,
73
; politics and,
65

inchworm tactic,
138

Ind, Allison,
117

Indochina,
16

insanity,
261–62

intelligence, Japanese,
72
,
83
,
86
,
163
,
411n

intelligence, U.S.,
17
,
18
,
20
,
41
,
400n

international law,
161
,
207
,
244
,
293
,
352
,
377

International Military Tribunal for the Far East,
418n–19n

International Red Cross,
282–84
,
290
,
293
,
294
,
297
,
324
,
345

issen gorin
(penny men),
83
,
96

Italy,
280
,
291
,
372

 

Jacinto, Luciano,
204

Jackson, Calvin,
117

Jacobsen, Gene,
231
,
304

James, Charlie,
182

James, Mrs. Will,
160

James, Will,
159
,
160
,
277
,
278

Japan, Japanese,
3–6
,
9
,
16–32
,
34–39
,
41–50
,
55–58
,
61–66
,
72–107
,
318–32
; Americans as viewed by,
25
,
75–76
; bowing in,
224
; as brutal occupier,
161
; defeating U.S. doubted by,
25
,
56–57
; labor draft for,
293
,
294
,
296
,
298
,
305
; loyalty in,
79
,
81–82
,
100–101
; MacArthur in,
331
,
338
,
343
,
349
,
352–55
,
359–60
; militarists and ultranationalists in,
75
,
79
; modernization of,
23–24
; myths of,
22
,
79
,
81
,
112
,
400n
; opening of,
23
; Pacific defeats of,
280
,
291–92
,
301
; patriotism of,
82–83
; in Pearl Harbor attack,
3
,
19–21
,
25
,
26
,
115
,
122
,
400n
,
401n
; Philippines bombed by,
3
,
25–32
,
44
,
45
; as police state,
41
; poverty of,
83
; pre-invasion reports of,
39
; Russia's war with,
24
,
25
,
82
,
134
; surprise attacks of,
12
,
25
; surrender of,
328
,
330–31
,
334
,
348
,
418n
; uniqueness of,
22
,
82
; U.S. blockade of,
320
; U.S. bombing of,
327–28
; U.S. invasion of,
293
,
329
,
350
;
see also specific topics

Japanese Americans,
392–93

Japanese Imperial Army,
12
,
16
,
20
,
23–25
,
72–79
,
161
; barracks life in,
78–79
,
97
,
167
; brutal discipline of,
78–79
,
97–98
,
167
; casualties of,
4
,
41
,
85
,
86–87
,
99–100
,
112–14
,
206
; in China,
16
,
24
,
36
,
37
,
41
,
49
,
56
,
57
,
137
,
138
,
206
; emperor and,
73
; Kill-All orders and,
418n
; Manila taken by,
64
; object of all maneuver in,
137–38
; in Philippines invasion,
3
,
32
,
34–39
,
44–51
,
55–58
; POW fears about,
328–29
; POW plan of,
411–12n
; Propaganda Corps of,
86
; realists in,
82–83
; successes of,
111
; surrender and retreat as impermissible to,
101
,
104–105
; troop transport of,
299
; warrior code of,
35
,
55
,
79
,
81–82
,
101

Japanese Imperial Navy,
22–27
,
34
,
73
,
115

Japan Times and Advertiser,
76

jaundice,
260
,
269
,
271
,
276
,
332
,
335

Java,
73

Jimmu Tenno, Emperor,
22
,
135

Johnson, Julia,
396

Jones, Albert M.,
141

 

kami (soldier gods),
101

Kawaguchi, Minobu,
91–92

Kawane, Yoshikata,
411n
,
412n

Kay, Robert E.,
326

Keelung,
304

Keenan, Ralph,
324

Kelly, Jack,
62
,
63

KEMC radio,
394–96

Kempei Tai (Japanese secret military police),
286

Kent State University,
391

Kill-All orders,
418n

Killer, the,
256
,
257–58

Kimura, General,
91
,
92
,
98–99
,
112
,
406n

Kimura Detachment,
91–96
,
98–105
; envelopment strategy of,
92–96

King, Alexander,
141

King, Gadsden,
141

King, Ned,
141–47
,
339
,
410n
; background of,
141
; at Camp O'Donnell,
223–24
,
413n
; effectiveness of outfits assessed by,
144–45
; headquarters of,
141
,
143–45
,
150–51
; made commander of the Luzon Force,
141
; morale boosting of,
142
; retreats of,
145–46
; surrender considered by,
146
,
147
; surrender decision of,
149–54
,
162
,
223
,
412n

Kinoshita, Kiyoshi,
93–94
,
96–107
,
406n
; background of,
96
; death threat of,
107
; escape of,
106
; as POW,
105–106
,
107
; shipyard work of,
107
; training of,
96–98
; wounding of,
102–104

kirikomi-tai
(infiltrators),
87–88

Kirtland Field,
11

Kishimoto, Ichiro,
360

Kolger, Louis,
247
,
257
,
268
,
417n

Korea,
24
,
25
,
293

Koyama, Harry,
392–93

Kraft, Alicia,
396

Kramerich, Steve,
262
,
273–74
,
281–82

Kunoda (communications officer),
138–39

 

Laguna de Bay,
247

Lamao,
149
,
153
,
362
,
409n

Lamao River bridge,
152

Lambert, Gordon K.,
273
,
284–85
,
316

Lamon Bay,
49
,
402n

Layac Junction,
59
,
168
,
199

Lee, Clark,
408n

Lee, Merrill,
276–77
,
278
,
285

Lee, Robert E.,
151

Legaspi,
249
,
250

lethal injections,
264–65
,
415n

Letterman General Hospital,
333–34

Levering, Robert,
170
,
177
,
179–80
,
191
,
192

Leyte,
305–306
,
308

Limay,
362

line slapping,
327

Lingayen Gulf,
21
,
46
,
48
,
73
,
74
,
314
,
403n
; Japanese invasion force in,
36–38
,
44
,
45
,
49
,
55
,
57
,
113
,
256
,
268
,
402n
; Pelz in,
355–57
; U.S. invasion at,
327

Linn, Brian McAllister,
402n

Locke, Bud,
189

Longoskawayan Point,
93

Los Baños,
382–85

loyalty, in Japan,
79
,
81–82
,
100–101

Lubao,
59
,
168
,
197
,
362
,
412n

lugao,
271
,
274
,
275

Luzon,
17
,
21–22
,
36
,
38–39
,
42
,
44–51
; as target,
44
;
see also
Bataan Death March
;
Bataan peninsula
;
Clark Field
;
Manila

Luzon Force,
141
,
153
;
see also specific troops

 

M3 “light” tanks,
48

MacArthur, Arthur,
122
,
125
,
126

MacArthur, Douglas,
19
,
21
,
26
,
31
,
41–46
,
113–16
,
343–46
,
401n
; in Australia,
125
,
234
,
344
; in Corregidor,
115
,
121–26
,
140
,
406n
; Corregidor surrender and,
234
; evacuation of,
123–26
,
408n
; food abandoned by,
114–15
; headquarters of,
18
,
21
,
45
,
46
,
65
; Homma suicide rumor of,
114
; Homma trial and,
353
,
359–60
,
381
,
384
; on intelligence reports,
18
,
400n
; in Japan,
331
,
338
,
343
,
349
,
352–55
,
359–60
; King as chief artilleryman of,
141
; Leyte invasion and,
305–306
,
308
; logistics lesson forgotten by,
115
; Manila declared open city by,
49
,
65
; as military adviser to Philippine Commonwealth,
17
,
39
; named commander of U.S. Army Forces in Far East,
17
; outnumbered claims of,
49
,
403n
; popularity of,
123–24
; refusal of, to lead from field,
121
,
122
,
125
; reinforcement lie of,
115–16
,
122
; rumors and lies about,
279
,
281
; troops' blaming of,
121
; War Crimes Branch of,
354
; war plans of,
42–45
,
49
; Washington cables of,
113–14